647
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

What is the optimal tool for measuring abortion stigma? A systematic review

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 97-112 | Received 01 Jun 2022, Accepted 02 Feb 2023, Published online: 20 Feb 2023

References

  • WHO. Abortion care guideline. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.
  • Doran F, Nancarrow S. Barriers and facilitators of access to first-trimester abortion services for women in the developed world: a systematic review. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2015;41(3):170–180.
  • Culwell KR, Hurwitz M. Addressing barriers to safe abortion. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;121(Suppl 1):s 16–9.
  • IPAS. Abortion stigma ends here: a toolkit for understanding and action. Chapel Hill (NC): IPAS; 2018. p. 220.
  • American Psychological Association Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion (APA TFMHA). Report of the APA Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion. Washington, DC. 2008.
  • Kumar A, Hessini L, Mitchell EMH. Conceptualising abortion stigma. Cult Health Sex. 2009;11(6):625–639.
  • Moore B, Poss C, Coast E, et al. The economics of abortion and its links with stigma: a secondary analysis from a scoping review on the economics of abortion. PLoS One. 2021;16(2):e0246238.
  • IPAS. Toward a sustainable abortion ecosystem: a framework for program design, action and evaluation. Chapel Hill, NC: IPAS; 2022.
  • Goffman E, Goffman E. Stigma stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Schuster Inc.; 1963.
  • Millar E. Abortion stigma as a social process. Wom Stud Inter Forum. 2020;78:102328.
  • Bos AER, Pryor JB, Reeder GD, et al. Stigma: advances in theory and research. Basic Appl Soc Psychol. 2013;35(1):1–9.
  • Crocker J, Major B, Steele C. Social stigma. In: Gilbert DT, Fiske ST, Lindzey G, editors. The handbook of social psychology. New York (NY): McGraw-Hill; 1998. p. 504–553.
  • Norris A, Bessett D, Steinberg JR, et al. Abortion stigma: a reconceptualization of constituents, causes, and consequences [invited paper. Womens Health Issues. 2011;21(3 Suppl): s 49–S54.
  • Dovidio JF, Major B, Crocker J. Stigma: introduction and overview. In: Heatherton TF, Kleck RE, Hebl MR, Hull JG, editors. The social psychology of stigma. New York (NY): Guilford Press; 2000. p. 1–28.
  • Link BG, Phelan JC. Conceptualizing stigma. Annu Rev Sociol. 2001;27:363–385.
  • Tyler I, Slater T. Rethinking the sociology of stigma. Sociolog Rev. 2018;66(4):721–743.
  • Hessini L. A learning agenda for abortion stigma: recommendations from the bellagio expert group meeting. Women Health. 2014;54(7):617–621.
  • Heijnders M, Van Der Meij S. The fight against stigma: an overview of stigma-reduction strategies and interventions. Psychol Health Med. 2006;11(3):353–363.
  • Abrams PL. The scarlet letter: the supreme court and the language of abortion stigma [lewis & clark law school legal studies research paper no. 2012-8]. Michig J Gender Law. 2013;19(2):293–337.
  • Harris LH, Debbink M, Martin L, et al. Dynamics of stigma in abortion work: findings from a pilot study of the providers share workshop. Soc Sci Med. 2011;73(7):1062–1070.
  • Levandowski BA, Kalilani-Phiri L, Kachale F, et al. Investigating social consequences of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion in Malawi: the role of stigma. Inter J Gynecol Obstetr. 2012;118:s167–S171.
  • O'Donnell J, Weitz TA, Freedman LR. Resistance and vulnerability to stigmatization in abortion work. Soc Sci Med. 2011;73(9):1357–1364.
  • Hanschmidt F, Linde K, Hilbert A, et al. Abortion stigma: a systematic review. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2016;48(4):169–177.
  • Cockrill K, Hessini L. Introduction: bringing abortion stigma into focus. Women Health. 2014;54(7):593–598.
  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, The PRISMA Group, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097–130.
  • Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, PRISMA-P Group, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):1.
  • Microsoft 365. MS excel version 2008 16.0. Microsoft Office; 2008. Available from: https://office.microsoft.com/excel
  • Ryan R. Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group; 2013. Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group: data synthesis and analysis. Available from: http://cccrg.cochrane.org
  • Prinsen CA, Mokkink LB, Bouter LM, et al. COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1147–1157.
  • Terwee CB, Prinsen CA, Chiarotto A, et al. COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures: a delphi study. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1159–1170.
  • Mokkink LB, de Vet HCW, Prinsen CAC, et al. COSMIN risk of bias checklist for systematic reviews of Patient-Reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1171–1179.
  • Hanschmidt F, Nagl M, Klingner J, et al. Abortion after diagnosis of fetal anomaly: psychometric properties of a german version of the individual level abortion stigma scale. PLoS One. 2018;13(6):e0197986.
  • Cockrill K, Biggs A. Can stories reduce abortion stigma? Findings from a longitudinal cohort study. Cult Health Sex. 2018;20(3):335–350.
  • Bommaraju A, Kavanaugh ML, Hou MY, et al. Situating stigma in stratified reproduction: abortion stigma and miscarriage stigma as barriers to reproductive healthcare. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2016;10:62–69.
  • Holcombe SJ, Burrowes S, Hailu D, et al. Professional pragmatism and abortion stigma: assessing the performance of the stigmatizing attitudes, beliefs and actions scale (SABAS) among ethiopian midwives. Afr J Reprod Health. 2018;22(2):26–39.
  • Håkansson M, Oguttu M, Gemzell-Danielsson K, et al. Human rights versus societal norms: a mixed methods study among healthcare providers on social stigma related to adolescent abortion and contraceptive use in Kisumu, Kenya. BMJ Glob Health. 2018;3(2):e000608.
  • Cockrill K, Upadhyay UD, Turan J, et al. The stigma of having an abortion: development of a scale and characteristics of women experiencing abortion stigma. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2013;45(2):79–88. Jun
  • Cetinkaya A, Özmen D, Uyar F, et al. Reliability and validity of the turkish version of the Individual-Level abortion stigma scale: a methodological study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(4):e024686.
  • Cowan SK. Enacted abortion stigma in the United States. Soc Sci Med. 2017;177:259–268.
  • Major B, Gramzow RH. Abortion as stigma: cognitive and emotional implications of concealment. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999;77(4):735–745.
  • Shellenberg KM, Tsui AO. Correlates of perceived and internalized stigma among abortion patients in the USA: an exploration by race and hispanic ethnicity. Inter J Gynecol Obstetr. 2012;118: s152–S159.
  • Biggs MA, Brown K, Foster DG. Perceived abortion stigma and psychological well-being over five years after receiving or being denied an abortion. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):e0226417.
  • López MM, Celis KF, González-Forteza C, et al. Relationship between perceived stigma and depressive symptomatology in women who legally interrupt pregnancy in Mexico city. Salud Ment. 2019;42(1):25–32.
  • Martin LA, Debbink M, Hassinger J, et al. Measuring stigma among abortion providers: assessing the abortion provider stigma survey instrument. Women Health. 2014;54(7):641–661.
  • Martin LA, Hassinger JA, Seewald M, et al. Evaluation of abortion stigma in the workforce: development of the revised abortion providers stigma scale. Womens Health Issues. 2018;28(1):59–67. Jan - Feb
  • Rice WS, Turan B, Stringer KL, et al. Norms and stigma regarding pregnancy decisions during an unintended pregnancy: development and predictors of scales among young women in the U.S. South. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0174210.
  • Sorhaindo AM, Karver TS, Karver JG, et al. Constructing a validated scale to measure community-level abortion stigma in Mexico. Contraception. 2016;93(5):421–431.
  • Shellenberg KM, Hessini L, Levandowski BA. Developing a scale to measure stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about women who have abortions: results from Ghana and Zambia. Women Health. 2014;54(7):599–616.
  • Makenzius M, McKinney G, Oguttu M, et al. Stigma related to contraceptive use and abortion in Kenya: scale development and validation. Reprod Health. 2019;16(1):136.
  • Hall KS, Manu A, Morhe E, et al. Development and validation of a scale to measure adolescent sexual and reproductive health stigma: results from young women in Ghana. J Sex Res. 2018;55(1):60–72.
  • McMurtrie SM, García SG, Wilson KS, et al. Public opinion about abortion-related stigma among mexican catholics and implications for unsafe abortion. Inter J Gynecol Obstetr. 2012;118:S160–S166.
  • Weidner G, Griffitt W. Abortion as a stigma: in the eyes of the beholder. J Res Pers. 1984;18(3):359–371.
  • Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, et al. The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(7):737–745.
  • Martinez RG, Lewis CC, Weiner BJ. Instrumentation issues in implementation science. Implement Sci. 2014;9(1):118. 2014/09/04
  • Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, et al. The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international delphi study. Qual Life Res. 2010;19(4):539–549.
  • Stutterheim SE, Ratcliffe SE. Understanding and addressing stigma through qualitative research: four reasons why we need qualitative studies. Stigma Health. 2021;6(1):8–19.
  • Wollum A, Makleff S, Baum SE. Exploring experiences responding to the individual level abortion stigma scale: methodological considerations from in-depth interviews. Front Glob Womens Health. 2021;2(678101):1–7.
  • Jewell T, Gardner T, Susi K, et al. Attachment measures in Middle childhood and adolescence: a systematic review of measurement properties. Clin Psychol Rev. 2019;68:71–82.
  • Wittkowski A, Vatter S, Muhinyi A, et al. Measuring bonding or attachment in the parent-infant-relationship: a systematic review of parent-report assessment measures, their psychometric properties and clinical utility. Clin Psychol Rev. 2020;82:101906.
  • Angst F. The new COSMIN guidelines confront traditional concepts of responsiveness. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2011;11(1):2–6.
  • O'Rourke A. The discourse of abortion law debate in Australia: caring mother or mother of convenience. Wom Stud Inter Forum. 2016;56:37–44.
  • Purcell C, Hilton S, McDaid L. The stigmatisation of abortion: a qualitative analysis of print media in great britain in 2010. Cult Health Sex. 2014;16(9):1141–1155.
  • Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. MBI: maslach burnout inventory. CA: CPP, Incorporated Sunnyvale; 1996.
  • Kessler RC, Andrews G, Colpe LJ, et al. Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychol Med. 2002;32(6):959–976.
  • Beck A, Steer R, Brown G. Beck depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). San Antonio (TX): Psychological Corporation; 1996.
  • M H, F K, C Kh, et al. Beck Depressions-Inventar: BDI II. 2009.
  • Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press; 1965.
  • von Collani G, Herzberg P. Eine revidierte fassung der deutschsprachigen skala zum selbstwertgefuhl von rosenberg. Different Diagn Psychol. 2003;24(1):3–7.
  • Ferring D, Filipp S-H. Messung des selbstwertgefuhls: Befunde zu reliabilitat, validitat und stabilitat der Rosenberg-Skala. Diagnostica. 1996;42:284–292.
  • White, Fisher Byrne. Development and validation of a measure of affective orientation to erotic stimuli: the sexual opinion survey. Meeting of the Midwestern Psycholigcal Assocation; Chicargo. 1976.
  • Spence H. Masculinity and feminity. Austin (TX): University of Texas Pres; 1978.
  • Bentler PM. Heterosexual behaviour assessment – males. Behav Res Ther. 1968;6(1):21–25.
  • Bentler PM. Heterosexual behaviour assessment – females. Behav Res Ther. 1968;6(1):27–30.
  • Van Brakel WH. Measuring health-related stigma–a literature review. Psychol Health Med. 2006; Aug11(3):307–334.
  • Link BG, Yang LH, Phelan JC. Measuring mental illness stigma. Schizophr Bull. 2004;30(3):511–541.
  • Pescosolido BA, Martin JK. The stigma complex. Annu Rev Sociol. 2015;41(1):87–116.
  • Hatzenbuehler ML, Phelan JC, Link BG. Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(5):813–821.
  • Katz I. Some thoughts about the stigma notion. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1979;5(4):447–460.
  • Katz I. Stigma: a social psychological analysis. Hillsdale (NJ): L. Erlbaum Associates; 1981.
  • Corrigan PW, River LP, Lundin RK, et al. Three strategies for changing attributions about severe mental illness. Schizophr Bull. 2001;27(2):187–195.
  • Cockrill K, Nack A. “I'm not that type of person”: managing the stigma of having an abortion. Deviant Behavior. 2013;34(12):973–990.
  • Cockrill K. Commentary: imagine a world without abortion stigma. Women Health. 2014;54(7):662–665.
  • Oginni A, Ahmadu SK, Okwesa N, et al. Correlates of individual-level abortion stigma among women seeking elective abortion in Nigeria. Int J Womens Health. 2018;10:361–366.
  • Shellenberg KM, Moore AM, Bankole A, et al. Social stigma and disclosure about induced abortion: results from an exploratory study. Glob Public Health. 2011;6(sup1):S111–S125.
  • Rocca CH, Kimport K, Gould H, et al. Women’s emotions one week after receiving or being denied an abortion in the United States. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2013;45(3):122–131. Sep
  • Rocca CH, Kimport K, Roberts SC, et al. Decision rightness and emotional responses to abortion in the United States: a longitudinal study. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0128832.
  • Herek GM. Hate crimes and Stigma-Related experiences among sexual minority adults in the United States: prevalence estimates from a national probability sample. J Interpers Violence. 2009;24(1):54–74.
  • Hughes E. Work and the self. In: Rohrer J, Sherif M, editors. Social psychology at the crossroads. New York: Harper & Brothers; 1951. p. 313–323.
  • Joffe C. What abortion counselors want from their clients. Social Problems. 1978;26(1):112–121.
  • Link BG, Mirotznik J, Cullen FT. The effectiveness of stigma coping orientations: can negative consequences of mental illness labeling be avoided? J Health Soc Behav. 1991;32(3):302–320.
  • Bearak JM, Burke KL, Jones RK. Disparities and change over time in distance women would need to travel to have an abortion in the USA: a spatial analysis. The Lancet Public Health. 2017;/2(11):e493–e500.
  • Cockrill K, Herold S, Blanchard K, et al. Addressing Abortion Stigma Through Service Delivery: a White Paper. Sea Change Program, Ibis Reproductive Health, ANSIRH, INROADS. 2013.
  • Pryor JB, Reeder GD. HIV-related stigma. In: Hall JC, Hall BJ, Cockerell CJ, editors. HIV/AIDS in the Post-HAART Era: manifestations, treatment, and Epidemiology. Shelton (CT): PMPH-USA; 2011.
  • Ralph L, Gould H, Baker A, et al. The role of parents and partners in minors’ decisions to have an abortion and anticipated coping after abortion. J Adolesc Health. 2014;54(4):428–434.
  • Steinberg JR, Tschann JM, Furgerson D, et al. Psychosocial factors and pre-abortion psychological health: the significance of stigma. Soc Sci Med. 2016;150:67–75.
  • Luty J, Fekadu D, Umoh O, et al. Validation of a short instrument to measure stigmatized attitudes towards mental illness. Psychiatr Bull. 2006;30:257–260.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.