86
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Do elevated thyrotropin levels increase the risk of miscarriages: yes or no?

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 32-36 | Received 28 Jul 2023, Accepted 19 Oct 2023, Published online: 15 Nov 2023

References

  • Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Dashe JS, et al. First-and Second-Trimester pregnancy loss. In: Williams Obstetrics. 26th ed. NewYork: McGraw-Hill; 2022;11:198. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2977&sectionid=263812624
  • Lazarus J, Brown RS, Daumerie C, et al. European thyroid association guidelines for the management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy and in children. Eur Thyroid J. 2014;3(2):76–94. doi: 10.1159/000362597256.
  • Sheehan PM, Nankervis A, Araujo Júnior E, et al. Maternal thyroid disease and preterm birth: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(11):4325–4331. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3074.
  • Wei Wang J, Xian Liao X, Tuo Li T. Thyroid autoimmunity in adverse fertility and pregnancy outcomes: timing of assisted reproductive technology in AITD women. J Transl Internal Med. 2021;9(2):76–83. doi: 10.2478/jtim-2021-0001.
  • Maraka S, Ospina NM, O'Keeffe DT, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy: a SystematicReviewandMeta-Analysis. Thyroid. 2016;26(4):580–590. doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0418270.
  • Taylor PN, Minassian C, Rehman A, et al. TSH levels and risk of miscarriage inWomenon Long-Term levothyroxine: a community–based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(10):3895–3902. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-1954.
  • Duntas LH, Biondi B. The interconnections between obesity, thyroid function, and autoimmunity: the multifold role of leptin. Thyroid. 2013;23(6):646–653. doi: 10.1089/thy.2011.0499284.
  • Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, et al. Guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease During pregnancy and the postpartum. 2017. Thyroid. 2017;27(3):315–389. doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0457.
  • Stagnaro-Green A. Clinical guidelines: thyroid and pregnancy-time for universal screening? Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017;13(4):192–194. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.
  • Jouyandeh Z, Ranjbar SH, Qorban I, et al. Universal­screeningversusselective case-based screening for thyroid disorders in pregnancy. Endocrine. 2015;48(1):116–123. doi: 10.1007/s12020-014-0385-9.
  • Haixia L, Zhongyan S, Chenyan L, et al. Maternal subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid autoimmunity. Thyroid. 2014;24(11):1642–1649. 288 doi: 10.1089/thy.2014.0029.
  • Pop VJ, Biondi B, Wijnen HA, et al. Maternal thyroid parameters, body mass index and subsequent weight gain during pregnancy in healthy euthyroid women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013;79(4):577–583. doi: 10.1111/cen.12177.
  • Akbaba G, Berker D, Isık S, et al. Changes before and after thyroxine treatment in the levels of adipose tissue,leptin, and ­resistin in subclinical hypothyroid patients. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2016;128(15-16):579–585. doi: 10.1007/s00508-015-0865-9.
  • Juiz-Valiña P, Outeiriño-Blanco E, Pértega S, et al. Effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery on Thyroid-Stimulating hormone levels in euthyroid patients with morbid obesity. Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1121. doi: 10.3390/nu11051121.
  • Spencer L, Bubner T, Bain E, et al. Screening and subsequent management for thyroid dysfunction pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(9):CD011263. 2015 doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011263.pub2.
  • Cellini M, Santaguida MG, Stramazzo I, et al. Recurrent pregnancy loss in women with hashimoto’s thyroiditis with concurrent Non- Endocrine autoimmune disorders. Thyroid. 2020;30(3):457–462. doi: 10.1089/thy.2019.0456.
  • Kyrilli A, Unuane D, Poppe KG, et al. Thyroid autoimmunity and pregnancy in euthyroid women. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;37(2):101632. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101632.
  • Nazarpour S, Ramezani Tehrani F, Simbar M, et al. Effects of levothyroxine treatment on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;176(2):253–265. doi: 10.1530/EJE-16-0548.
  • Casey BM, Thom EA, Peaceman AM, et al. Eunice kennedy shriver national institute of ChildHealth and human development maternal–fetal medicine units network. Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia in pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2017;2(376(9):815–825.
  • Dhillon-Smith RK, Middleton LJ, Sunner KK, et al. Levothyroxine in women with thyroidperoxidase antibodies before conception. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(14):1316–1325. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812537.
  • Plowden TC, Schisterman EF, Sjaarda LA, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity are not associated with fecundity, pregnancy loss or livebirth. JClinEndocrinolMetab. 2016;29(1):49314.
  • Rotondi M, Chiovato L, Pacini F, et al. Management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy: a comment from the italian society of endocrinology and the italian thyroid associationto the 2017 American thyroid association guidelines. Thyroid. 2018;28(5):551–555. doi: 10.1089/thy.2017.0424.
  • Lavie A, Dahan M, Ton Nu TN, et al. Maternal hypothyroidism and its effect on placental histopathology in singleton live births resulting from in vitro fertilization treatment. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2023;26(3):540–549. doi: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1964102.
  • Gomes Solha ST, Mattar R, Santos Teixeira PF, et al. Screening, diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2022;44(10):999–1010. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1758490.
  • Nelson DB, Casey BM, Mc Intire DD, et al. Subsequent pregnancy outcomes In women previously diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism. Am J Perinatol. 2014;31(1):77–84. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-3241334457.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.