101
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Access techniques for endoscopic surgery - types of trocars, ports and cannulae - an overview

, , &
Pages 5-10 | Published online: 10 Jul 2009

  • Wickham JEA. Minimal invasive surgery. J Endourol 1987; 1: 71.
  • Kelling G. Oesophagoskopie, Gastroskopie, Kölioskopie. Münch Med Wschr 1902; 49: 21.
  • Moll F, Pier A. Entwicklung von Endoskopie- und minimal invasiven Instrumenten. In: Pier A, Schippers E, eds, Minimal Invasive Chirurgie. Stuttgart: Thieme, 1995.
  • Jacobeus HC. Über die Möglichkeit, die Zystoskopie bei Untersuchung von serösen Höhlen anzuwenden. Münch Med Wschr 1910; 57: 2090.
  • NitzeM.EineneueBeobachtungs-und Untersuchungsmethode für Harnröhre, Harnblase und Rektum. Wien Med Wschr 1869; 29: 649, 688, 713, 779, 806.
  • Stolze M. Die Laparoskopie in der chirurgischen Diagnostik. Langenbeck’s Arch Klin Chir 1934; 178: 228.
  • Semm K. Die endoskopische Appendektomie. Gynäkol Prax 1983; 7: 26-9.
  • Dubois J. Cholecystectomie par coelioscopies. Presse Med 1988; 18: 980.
  • Hasson HM. Modified instrument and method for laparoscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971; 110: 886-7.
  • Brooks DC, Becker JM. A simplified technique for open laparoscopy using disposable trocars. J Laparoendosc Surg 1992; 2: 357-9.
  • Waxman K, Birkett DH, Sackier JM et al. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of an electrosurgical laparoscopic trocar. Surg Endosc 1994; 8: 1076-9.
  • Bickel A, Eitan A. The use of a large, transparent cannula, with a beveled tip, for safe laparoscopic management of hydatid cysts of liver. Surg Endosc 1995; 9: 1304-5.
  • Semm K. Cutting versus conical tip designs. Endosc Surg 1995; 3: 39-46.
  • Dingfelder JR. Direct trocar insertion without prior pneumoperitoneum. J Reprod Med 1978; 21: 45.
  • Jacobson MT, Helmy M, Smith KS et al. Transumbilical direct trocar entry for operative videolaparoscopy. J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95: 33.
  • Byron JW, Markeson G, Miyazawa K. A randomized comparison of Veress needle and direct trocar insertion for laparoscopy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993; 177: 259-62.
  • Schaller G, Kuenkel M, Manegold BC. The optical ‘Veress-Needle’ -- initial puncture with a minioptic. Endosc Surg 1995; 3: 55-7.
  • Semm K. Operative Pelvikopie. In: Buess G ed. Endoskopie. Cologne: Deutscher Ärzteverlag, 1993: 245-68.
  • Cuschieri A, Berci G. Laparoscopic biliary surgery. 1992: 34-6.
  • Menghini G, Miscusi GD. The windowed trocar: a useful tool for a safer and more efficient laparoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 1983; 29: 40-2.
  • Hallfeldt KKJ, Trupka A, Kalteis T, Stuetzle H. Safe creation of pneumoperitoneum using an optical trocar. Surg Endosc 1999; 13: 306-7.
  • Marcovich R, Del Terzo MA, Wolf Jr. JS. Comparison of transperitoneallaparoscopicaccesstechniques: Optiview visualizing trocar and Veress needle. J Endourol 2000; 14: 175-9.
  • Mettler L, Ibrahim M, Vinh VQ, Jonat W. Clinical experience with an optical access trocar in gynecological laparoscopy-pelviscopy. J Soc Laparoendosc Surg 1997; 1: 315-8.
  • Audebert AJ, Gomel V. Role of microlaparoscopy in the diagnosis of peritoneal and visceral adhesions and in the prevention of bowel injury associated with blind trocar insertion. Fertil Steril 2000; 73: 631-5.
  • Melzer A, Riek S, Roth K, Buess G. Endoscopically controlled trocar and cannula insertion. Endosc Surg 1995; 3: 63-8.
  • Nathanson LK. Trocars and other access techniques [editorial]. Endosc Surg 1995; 3: 33-4.
  • Champault G, Cazacu F, Taffinder N. Serious trocar accidents in laparoscopic surgery: a French survey of 103 852 operations. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1996; 6: 367-70.
  • Dunn DC, Watson CJE. Disposable guarded trocar and cannula in laparoscopic surgery: a caveat. Br J Surg 1992; 79: 927.
  • Reich H, Ribeiro SC, Rasmussen C et al. High pressure trocar insertion technique. JSLS 1999; 3: 45-8.
  • Böhm B, Knigge M, Kraft M et al. Influence of different trocar tips on abdominal wall penetration during laparoscopy. Surg Endosc 1998; 12: 1434-8.
  • Leibl BJ, Schmedt CG, Schwarz J et al. Laparoscopic surgery -- complications associated with trocar tip design: review of literature and own results. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech 1999; 9: 135-40.
  • Mayol J, Garcia-Aguilar J, Ortiz-Oshiro E et al. Risks of minimal access approach for laparoscopic surgery: mulitvariate analysis of morbidity related to umbilical trocar insertion. World J Surg 1997; 21: 529-33.
  • Peitgen K, Nimtz K, Hellinger A, Walz MK. Offener Zugang oder Veress-Nadel bei laparoskopischen Eingriffen? Ergebnisse einer prospektiv randomisierten Studie. Chirurg 1997; 68: 910-3.
  • Krug F, Herold A, Wenk H, Bruch HP. Narbenhernien nach laparoskopischen Eingriffen. Chirurgie 1995; 66: 419-23.
  • Woolcott R. The safety of laparoscopy performed by direct trocar insertion and carbon dioxide insufflation under vision. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1997; 2: 216-9.
  • McKernan JB, Champion JK. Access techniques: Veress needle -- initial blind trocar insertion versus open laparoscopy with the Hasson trocar. Endosc Surg 1995; 3: 35-8.
  • Kolata RJ, Ransick M, Briggs L, Baum D. Comparison of wounds created by non-bladed trocars and pyramidal tip trocars in the pig. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech 1999; 9: 455-61.
  • Balzer KM, Witte H, Recknagel S et al. Anatomic guidelines for the prevention of abdominal wall haematoma induced by trocar placement. Surg Radiol Anat 1999; 21: 87-9.
  • Eltabbakh GH. Small bowel obstruction secondary to herniation through a 5-mm laparoscopic trocar site following laparoscopic lymphadenectomy. Eur J Gynecol Oncol 1999; 20: 275-6.
  • Wegener ME, Chung D, Crans C, Chung D. Small bowel obstruction secondary to incarcerated Richter’s hernia from laparoscopic hernia repair. J Laparoendosc Surg; 3: 173-6.
  • Jacobs VR, Morrison Jr. JE, Mettler L et al. Specific resistance of Veress needles, disposable and reusable trocars is limiting CO2 gas flow performance in pelviscopy and laparoscopy. Min Invas Ther Allied Technol 1999; 8: 37-47.
  • Baggish MS. Comparison of smoke and sprayback leakage from two different trocar sleeves during operative laparoscopy. J Gynecol Surg 9: 65-76.
  • Kennedy JS. A technique for extracorporeal suturing. J Laparoendosc Surg 1992; 2: 269-72.
  • Somerfeld R. Hidden costs and issue: laparoscopic instrumentation. Laparoscopy in focus 1992; 1: 1-12.
  • Apelgren KN, Blank ML, Slomski CA, Hadjis NS. Reusable instruments are more cost-effective than disposable instrumentsforlaparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 1994; 8: 32-4.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.