Metabolic syndrome and the older male population

References

• Alexander C M, Landsman P B, Teutsch S M, Haffner S M. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III); National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older. Diabetes 2003; 52: 1210–1214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reaven G M. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595–1607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001; 285: 2486–2497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti K G, Zimmer P Z. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 1998; 15: 539–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athyros V G, Ganotakis E S, Elisaf M, Mikhailidis D P. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using the National Cholesterol Educational Program and International Diabetes Federation definitions. Curr Med Res Opin 2005; 21: 1157–1159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, Stern M. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2289–2304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson R A. Mechanisms of age-related glucose intolerance. Diabetes Care 1990; 13(Suppl 2)9–19
   Google Scholar
• Beck-Nielsen H, Groop L C. Metabolic and genetic characterization of prediabetic states. Sequence of events leading to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1994; 94: 1714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stumvoll M, Goldstein B J, van Haeften T W. Type 2 diabetes: principles of pathogenesis and therapy. Lancet 2005; 365: 1333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks W A, Altmann J, Sapolsky R M, Phillips-Conroy J A, Morley J E. Serum leptin levels as a marker for a syndrome X-like condition in wild baboons. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 1234–1240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob S, Machann J, Rett K, Brechtel K, Volk A, Renn W, Maerker E, Matthaei S, Schick F, Claussen C D, Haring H U. Association of increased intramyocellular lipid content with insulin resistance in lean nondiabetic offspring on type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes 1999; 48: 1113–1119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefan N, Machann J, Schick F, Claussen C D, Thamer C, Fritsche A, Haring H. New imaging techniques of fat, muscle and liver within the context of determining insulin sensitivity. Hormone Research 2005; 64(suppl 3)38–44
   Google Scholar
• Kim M J, Rolland Y, Cepeda O, Gammack J K, Morley J E. Diabetes mellitus in older men. Aging Male 2006; 9: 139–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen K F, Befroy D, Dufour S, Dziura J, Ariyan C, Rothman D L, DiPietro L, Cline G W, Shulman G I. Mitrochondrial dysfunction in the elderly: possible role in insulin resistance. Science 2003; 300: 1140–1142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kershaw E E, Flier J S. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 2548–2556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolland Y M, Perry H M, III, Patrick P, Banks W A, Morley J E. Leptin and adiponectin levels in middle-aged postmenopausal women: association with lifestyle habits, hormones, and inflammatory markers – a cross-sectional study. Metabolism 2006; 55: 1630–1636
   Google Scholar
• Berg A H, Combs T P, Du X, Brownlee B, Scherer P E. The adipocyte-secreted protein Acrp30 enhances hepatic insulin action. Nat Med 2001; 7: 947–953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Combs T P, Wagner J A, Berger J, Doebber T, Wang W, Zhang B B, Tanen M, Berg A H, O'Rahilly S, Savage D B, Chatterjee K, Weiss S, Larson P J, Gottesdiener K M, Gertz B J, Charron M J, Scherer P E, Moller D E. Induction of adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kilodaltons by PPARγ agonists: a potential mechanism of insulin sensitization. Endocrinology 2002; 143: 998–1007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travison T G, Morley J E, Araujo A B, O'Donnell A B, McKinlay J B. The relationship between libido and testosterone levels in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 2509–2513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley J E, Kaiser F E, Perry H M, III, Patrick P, Morley P M, Stauber P M, Vellas B, Baumgartner R N, Garry P J. Longitudinal changes in testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in healthy older men. Metabolism 1997; 46: 410–413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohn F M. Testosterone and body functions. Aging Male 2006; 9: 183–188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zitzmann M, Faber S, Nieschlag E. Association of specific symptoms and metabolic risks with serum testosterone in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 4335–4343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bojesen A, Kristensen K, Birkebaek N H, Fedder J, Mosekilde L, Bennett P, Laurberg P, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Christiansen J S, Gravholt C H. The metabolic syndrome is frequent in Klinefelter's syndrome and is associated with abdominal obesity and hypogonadism. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 1591–1598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapoor D, Goodwin E, Channer K S, Jones T H. Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol 2006; 154: 899–906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee Ch, Kuo S W, Jung Y J, Hsieh C H, He C T, Yang T C, Lian W C, Chyi-Fan S, Pei D. The effect of testosterone supplementation on insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, and acute insulin response after glucose load in male type 2 diabetics. Endocr Res 2005; 31: 139–148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keating N L, O'Malley A J, Smith M R. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 4448–4456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basaria S, Muller D C, Carducci M A, Egan J, Dobs A S. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in men with prostate carcinoma who receive androgen-deprivation therapy. Cancer 2006; 106: 581–588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley J E. Diabetes mellitus: a major disease of older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000; 55: M255–M256
   Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 59–42
   Google Scholar
• LeRoith D. Diabetes in the aging male. Aging Male 2005; 8: 133–134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. Economic consequences of diabetes mellitus in the US in 2002. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 917–932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Saldana J, Morley J E, Reynoso M T, Medina C A, Salazar P, Cruz E, Torres A L. Diabetes mellitus in a subgroup of older Mexicans: prevalence, association with cardiovascular risk factors, functional and cognitive impairment, and mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50: 111–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller D K, Lui L Y, Perry H M, III, Kaiser F E, Morley J E. Reported and measured physical functioning in older inner-city diabetic African Americans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999; 54: M230–M236
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Fazio I, Franzoni S, Frisoni G B, Gatti S, Cornali C, Stofler P M, Trabucchi M. Predictive role of single diseases and their combination on recovery of balance and gait in disabled elderly patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2006; 7: 208–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson C L, Rifkind B M, Sempos C T, Carroll M D, Bachorik P S, Breifel R R, Gordon D J, Burt V L, Brown C D, Lippel K, Cleeman J I. Declining serum total cholesterol levels among US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. JAMA 1993; 269: 3002–3008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris M I, Flegal K M, Cowie C C, Eberhardt M S, Goldstein D E, Little R R, Wiedmeyer H, Byrd-Holt D D. Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in US adults: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 518–524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998; 352: 837–853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saydah S. Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus. JAMA, 291: 335–342
   Google Scholar
• Mooradian A D, Perryman K, Fitten J, Kavonian G D, Morley J E. Cortical function in elderly non-insulin dependent diabetic patients: behavioral and electrophysiologic studies. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 2369–2372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flood J F, Mooradian A D, Morley J E. Characteristics of learning and memory in streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes 1990; 39: 1391–1398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaffe K, Kanaya A, Lindquist K, Simonsick E M, Harris T, Shorr R I, Tylavsky F A, Newman A B. The metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and risk of cognitive decline. JAMA 2004; 292: 2237–2242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farr S A, Banks W A, Morley J E. Effects of leptin on memory processing. Peptides 2006; 27: 1420–1425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks W A, Coon A B, Robinson S M, Moinuddin A, Shultz J M, Nakaoke R, Morley J E. Triglycerides induce leptin resistance at the blood-brain barrier. Diabetes 2004; 53: 1253–1260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarowitz B J, Tangalos E G, Hollenack K, O'Shea T. The application of evidence-based principles of care in older persons (Issue 3): Management of diabetes mellitus. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2006; 7: 234–240
   Google Scholar
• Orchard T J, Temprosa M, Goldberg R, Haffner S, Ratner R, Marcovina S, Fowler S. The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 611–619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393–403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson J G, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired gluocose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1343–1350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan X R, Li G W, Hu Y H, et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 537–544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar V B, Bernardo A E, Vyas K, Franko M, Farr S, Lakshmanan L, Buddhiraju C, Morley J E. Effect of metformin on nitric oxide synthase in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. Life Sci 2001; 69: 2789–2799
   Google Scholar
• Lee A, Morley J E. Metformin decreases food consumption and induces weight loss in subjects with obesity with type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Obes Res 1998; 6: 47–53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, Crandall J, Schade D, Ma Y, Fujimoto W Y, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler S, Dagogo-Jack S, Andres R. The influence of age on the effects of lifestyle modification and metformin in prevention of diabetes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61: 1075–1081
   Google Scholar
• DeFillipis A P, Sperling L S. Understanding omega-3s. Am Heart J 2006; 151: 564–570
   Google Scholar
• Marchioli R, Barzi F, Bomba E, Chieffo C, DiGregorio D, DiMascio R, Franzosi M F, Geraci E, Levantesi G, Maggioni A P, Mantini L, Marfisi R M, Mastrogiuseppe G, Mininni N, Licolosi G L, Santini M, Schweiger C, Tavazzi L, Tognoni G, Tucci C, Valagussa F. Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione. Circulation 2002; 105: 1897–1903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albert C M, Campos H, Stamper M J, Ridker P M, Manson J E, Willett W C, Ma J. Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the risk of sudden death. N Eng J Med 2000; 346: 1113–1118
   Google Scholar
• Rivellese A, Maffettone A, Iovine C, DiMarino L, Annuzzi G, Mancini M, Riccardi G. Long-term effects of fish oil on insulin resistance and plasma lipoproteins in NIDDM patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Diabetes Care 1996; 19: 1207–1211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montori V M, Farmer A, Wollan P C, Dinneen S E. Fish oil supplementation in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1407–1415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedberg C, Janssen M J, Heine R J, Grobbee D E. Fish oil and glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 494–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerstein H C, Yusuf S, Bosch J, Pogue J, Sheridan P, Dincaag N, Hanefeld M, Hoogwerf B, Laakso M, Mohan V, Zinman B, Holman R R. Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 368: 1096–1105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marfella R, D'Amico M, Di Filippo C, Siniscalchi A, Sasso F C, Portoghese M, Crescenzi B, Sangiuolo P, Nicoletti G F, Ferraraccio R R, Cacciapuoti F, Verza M, Coppola L, Paolisso G. Increased activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in patients with symptomatic carotid disease is associated with enhanced inflammation and may destabilize the atherosclerotic plaque: effects of rosiglitazone treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47: 2444–2455
   Google Scholar
• Cicero D G, D'Angelo A, Gaddi A, Ciccarelli L, Piccinni M N, Salvadeo S A, Ferrari I, Gravina A, Ragonesi P D. Effects of 1 year of treatment with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone added to glimepiride on lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Clin Ther 2006; 28: 679–688
   Google Scholar
• Matsuda L A, Lolait S J, Brownstein M J, Young A C, Bonner T I. Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature 1990; 346: 561–564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tangalos E G, Cota D, Fukioka K. Complex cardiometabolic risk factors: impact, assessment, and emerging therapies. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2006; 7(7 Suppl)1–10
   Google Scholar
• Pi-Sunyer F X, Aronne L J, Hesmati H M, Devin J, Rosenstock J. Effect of rimonabant, a cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker, on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese patients. JAMA 2006; 295: 761–775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar