References
- Michaud JE, Billups KL, Partin AW. Testosterone and prostate cancer: and evidence-based review of pathogenesis and oncologic risk. Ther Adv Urol. 2015;7(6):378–387.
- Xia B, Zhao S, Chen Z, et al. Relationship between serum total testosterone and prostate volume in aging men. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):14122.
- Hackett GI. Testosterone replacement therapy and mortality in older men. Drug Saf. 2016;39(2):117–130.
- Yassin A, Nettleship JE, Talib RA, et al. Effects of testosterone replacement therapy withdrawal and re-treatment in hypogonadal elderly men upon obesity, voiding function and prostate safety parameters. Aging Male. 2016;19(1):64–69.
- Rohrmann S, Smit E, Giovannucci E, et al. Associations of obesity with lower urinary tract symptoms and noncancer prostate surgery in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(4):390–397.
- Seim A, Hoyo C, Ostbye T, et al. The prevalence and correlates of urinary tract symptoms in norwegian men: the HUNT study. BJU Int. 2005;96(1):88–92.
- Laven BA, Orsini N, Andersson SO, et al. Birth weight, abdominal obesity and the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms in a population based study of Swedish men. J Urol. 2008;179(5):1891–1895.
- Donnell RF. Benign prostate hyperplasia: a review of the year’s progress from bench to clinic. Curr Opin Urol. 2011;21(1):22–26.
- Pejčić T, Tosti T, Tešić Ž, et al. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in the transition zone correlate with prostate volume. Prostate. 2017;77(10):1082–1092.
- Schatzl G, Brössner C, Schmid S, et al. The prostate study group of the Austrian society of urology. Endocrine status in elderly men with lower urinary tract symptoms: correlation of age, hormonal status, and lower urinary tract function. Urology. 2000;55(3):397–402.
- Lepor H. Pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in the aging male population. Rev Urol. 2005;7(7):3–11.
- Al-Zoubi RM, Alwani M, Aboumarzouk OM, et al. Updates on androgen replacement therapy and lower urinary tract symptoms: a narrative review. Aging Male. 2022;25(1):234–241.
- Okada K, Miyake H, Ishida T, et al. Improved lower urinary tract symptoms associated with testosterone replacement therapy in Japanese men with late-onset hypogonadism. Am J Mens Health. 2018;12(5):1403–1408.
- Kohn TP, Mata DA, Ramasamy R, et al. Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on lower urinary tract symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2016;69(6):1083–1090.
- Zitzmann M, Depenbusch M, Gromoll J, et al. Prostate volume and growth in testosterone-substituted hypogonadal men are dependent on the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene: a longitudinal pharmacogenetic study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(5):2049–2054.
- Amano T, Imao T, Takemae K, et al. Testosterone replacement therapy by testosterone ointment relieves lower urinary tract symptoms in late onset hypogonadism patients. Aging Male. 2010;13:242–246.
- Karazindiyanoğlu S, Cayan S. The effect of testosterone therapy on lower urinary tract symptoms/bladder and sexual functions in men with symptomatic late-onset hypogonadism. Aging Male. 2008;11(3):146–149.
- Shigehara K, Sugimoto K, Konaka H, et al. Androgen replacement therapy contributes to improving lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with hypogonadism and benign prostate hypertrophy: a randomisedcontrolled study. Aging Male. 2011;14(1):53–58.
- Shigehara K, Izumi K, Mizokami A, et al. Testosterone deficiency and nocturia: a review. World J Mens Health. 2017;35(1):14–21.
- Tan WS, Low WY, Ng CJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of long-acting intramuscular testosterone undecanoate in aging men: a randomised controlled study. BJU Int. 2013;111(7):1130–1140. DOI:10.1111/bju.12037/full
- Yassin DJ, El Douaihy Y, Yassin AA, et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms improve with testosterone replacement therapy in men with late-onset hypogonadism: 5-year prospective, observational and longitudinal registry study. World J Urol. 2014;32(4):1049–1054.
- Yassin A, Saad F, Alwani M, et al. The effects of long-term testosterone treatment on endocrine parameters in hypogonadal men: 12-year data from a prospective controlled registry study. Aging Male. 2022;25(1):185–191.
- Groti Antonič K, Antonič B, Žuran I, et al. Testosterone treatment longer than 1 year shows more effects on functional hypogonadism and related metabolic, vascular, diabetic and obesity parameters (results of the 2-year clinical trial). Aging Male. 2020;23(5):1442–1454.
- Lepor H. Alpha blockers for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Rev Urol. 2007;9(4):181–190. PMID: 18231614
- Laborde E, McVary K. Medical management of lower urinary tract symptoms. Rev Urol. 2009;11:19–25.
- Haider KS, Haider A, Doros G, et al. Long-Term testosterone therapy improves urinary and sexual function, and quality of life in men with hypogonadism: results from a propensity matched subgroup of a controlled registry study. J Urol. 2018;199(1):257–265.
- Wang Z, Olumi AF. Diabetes, growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor pathways and association to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Differentiation. 2011;82(4–5):261–271.
- Xin C, Fan H, Xie J, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus on lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients: a meta analysis. Endocrinol. 2022;12:741748.
- Kohnen PW, Drach GW. Patterns of inflammation in prostatic hyperplasia: a histologic and bacteriologic study. J Urol. 1979;121(6):755–760.
- Francomano D, Lenzi A, Aversa A. Effects of five-year treatment with testosterone undecanoate on metabolic and hormonal parameters in ageing men with metabolic syndrome. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:527470.
- Dhindsa S, Ghanim H, Batra M, et al. Insulin resistance and inflammation in hypogonadotropic 28 hypogonadism and their reduction after testosterone replacement in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(1):82–91.
- Janjgava S, Zerekidze T, Uchava L, et al. Influence of testosterone replacement therapy on metabolic disorders in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and androgen deficiency. Eur J Med Res. 2014;19(1):56.
- Jones TH, Arver S, Behre H, et al. Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome (the TIMES2 study). Diabetes Care. 2011;34(4):828–837.
- Saad F, Doros G, Haider KS, et al. Hypogonadal men with moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms have a more severe cardiometabolic risk profile and benefit more from testosterone therapy than men with mild lower urinary tract symptoms. Investig Clin Urol. 2018;59(6):399–409.
- Dohle GR, Arver S, Bettocchi C, et al. EAU guidelines on male hypogonadism. 2015 (cited 2015 June 25). Available from: http://uroweb.org/guideline/male-hypogonadism/
- Grober ED. Testosterone deficiency and replacement: myths and realities. Can Urol Assoc J. 2014;8(7–8 Suppl 5):S145–S147.
- Eckhardt MD, van Venrooij GE, van Melick HH, et al. Prevalence and bothersomeness of lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia and their impact on well-being. J Urol. 2001;166(2):563–568.
- Montorsi F, Moncada I. Safety and tolerability of treatment for BPH. EurUrol. 2006;5(20):1004–1012.
- Telliac P. Relief of BPO or improvement in quality of life? EurUrol. 1998;34:3–9.
- Peters TJ, Donovan JL, Kay HE, et al. The international continence society “benign prostatic hyperplasia” study: the botherosomeness of urinary symptoms. J Urol. 1997;157(3):885–889.
- Yassin A, Almehmadi Y, Saad F, et al. Effects of intermission and resumption of long-term testosterone replacement therapy on body weight and metabolic parameters in hypogonadal in middle-aged and elderly men. Clin Endocrinol. 2016;84(1):107–114.
- Rosen RC, Giuliano F, Carson CC. Sexual dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Eur Urol. 2005;47(6):824–837. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2004.12.013
- Isidori AM, Giannetta E, Gianfrilli D, et al. Effects of testosterone on sexual function in men: results of a meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol. 2005;63(4):381–394.
- Lunenfeld B, Mskhalaya G, Zitzmann M, et al. Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of testosterone deficiency in men. Aging Male. 2021;24(1):119–138.