Antifungal activity of fluconazole in combination with lovastatin and their effects on gene expression in the ergosterol and prenylation pathways in Candida albicans

References

• Odds FC.Candida and Candidosis: A Review and BibliographyBailliere Tindall, London 1988
   Google Scholar
• Perea S, Lopez Ribot JL, Kirkpatrick WR, et alPrevalence of molecular mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents in Candida albicans strains displaying high-level fluconazole resistance isolated from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patientsAntimicrob Agent Chemother2001; 452676–2684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daum G, Lees ND, Bard M, Dickson R.Biochemistry, cell biology and molecular biology of lipids of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeYeast1998; 141471–1510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks LW, Casey WM.Physiological implications of sterol biosynthesis in yeastAnnual Rev Microbiol1995; 4995–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein JL, Brown MS.Regulation of the mevalonate pathwayNature1990; 343425–430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer WR, Rine J.Protein prenylation: genes, enzymes, targets, and functionsAnnual Rev Genet1992; 26209–237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basson ME, Thorsness M, Rine J.Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two functional genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglu- taryl-coenzyme A reductaseProc Natl Acad Sci USA1986; 835563–5567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lennernas H, Fager G.Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Similarities and differencesClin Pharmacokinet1997; 32403–425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seabra MC.Membrane association and targeting of prenylated Ras-like GTPasesCell Signal1998; 10167–172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laufs U, Liao JK.Post-transcriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA stability by Rho GTPaseJ Biol Chem1998; 27324266–24271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin NX, Weitzman I, Della-Latta P.In vitro activity of fluvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering agent, and synergy with fluconazole and itraconazole against Candida species and Cryptococ- cus neoformansAntimicrob Agent Chemother1997; 41850–852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash JD, Burgess DS, Talbert RL.Effect of fluvastatin and pravastatin, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, on fluconazole activity against Candida albicansJ Med Microbiol2002; 51105–109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenz RT, Parks LW.Effects of lovastatin (mevinolin) on sterol levels and on activity of azoles in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeAntimicrob Agent Chemother1990; 341660–1665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Approved Standard. , NCCLS document M27-A. Wayne, , PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Eliopoulos G, Moellering R.Antimicrobial combinationsAntibiotics in Laboratory MedicineV LorianWilliams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1996330–396
   Google Scholar
• Harry JB, Song JL, Lyons CN, White TC.Transcription initiation of genes associated with azole resistance in Candida albicansMed Mycol2002; 4073–81
   Google Scholar
• Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J.Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory ManualCold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 1982
   Google Scholar
• Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual., , 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor. , NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Henry KW., Cruz MC., Katiyar SK., Edlmd TD.Antagonism of azole activity against Candida albicans following induction of multidrug resistance genes by selected antimicrobial agentsAntimicrob Agent Chemother1999; 431968–1974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry KW., Nickels.IT Edlmd TD.Uprcgulation of ERG genes in Candida species by azoles and other sterol biosynthesis inhibitorsAntimicrob Agent Chemother2000; 442693–2700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBacker MD., Ilvina T., Ma XJ., et alGenomic profiling of the response of Candida albicans to itraconazole treatment using a DNA microarrayAntimicrob Agent Chemother2001; 451660–1670
   Google Scholar
• Venkatakrishnan K, von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ.Effects of the antifungal agents on oxidative drug metabolism: clinical relevanceClin Pharmacokinet2000; 38111–180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuvonen PJ, Jalava KM.Itraconazole drastically increases plasma concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acidClin Pharmacol Ther1996; 6054–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kivisto KT., Kantola T, Neuvonen PJ.Different effects of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin and lovastatinBr J Clin Pharmacol1998; 4649–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lees RS., Lees AM.Rhabdomyolysis from the coadministration of lovastatin and the antifungal agent itraconazoleN Engl J Med1995; 333664–665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton R, Dimster-Denk D, Rine J.The biology of HMG-CoA reductase: the pros of contra-regulationTrends Biochem Sci1996; 21140–145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy MA, Barbuch R, Bard M.Transcriptional regulation of the squalene synthase gene (ERG9) in the yeast Saceharomyces cerevisiaeBiochim Biophys Acta1999; 1445110–122
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Song JL, White TC.RAM2: An essential gene in the prenylation pathway of Candida albicansMicrobiology2003; 149249–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losberger C., Ernst JF.Sequence of the Candida albicans gene encoding actinNucleic Acids Res1989; 179488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazur P., Register E, Bonfiglio CA, et alPurification of geranylgeranyl transferase I from Candida albicans and cloning of the CaRAM2 and CaCDC43 genes encoding its subunitsMicrobiology1999; 1451123–1135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishii N, Arisawa M, Aoki Y. Cloning of Candida albicans squalene synthase gene. GenBank 1996: , D89610.
   Google Scholar
• Kirsch DR, Lai MH, O'Sullivan J.Isolation of the gene for cytochrome P450L1A1 (lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase) from Candida albicansGene1988; 68229–237
   Google Scholar
• Stanford Genome Technology Center. , http://www-sequence.stanford.edu/group/candida
   Google Scholar