Clinical and microbiological aspects of candidemia due to Candida parapsilosis in Brazilian tertiary care hospitals

References

• Almirante B, Rodriguez D, Park BJ, et al. Epidemiology and predictors of mortality in cases of Candida bloodstream infection: results from population-based surveillance, Barcelona, Spain, from to 2002 to 2003. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 1829–1835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asmundsdottir LR, Erlendsdottir H, Gottfredsson M. Increasing incidence of candidemia: results from a 20-year nationwide study in Iceland. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 3489–3492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin D, Persat F, Piens MA, Picot S. Candida species distribution in bloodstream cultures in Lyon, France, 1998–2001. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 24: 329–333
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pappas PG, Rex JH, Lee J, et al. A prospective observational study of candidemia: epidemiology, therapy, and influences on mortality in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37: 634–643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roilides E, Farmaki E, Evdoridou J, et al. Neonatal candidiasis: analysis of epidemiology, drug susceptibility, and molecular typing of causative isolates. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23: 745–750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez Sastre JB, Coto Cotallo GD, Fernandez CB. Neonatal invasive candidiasis: a prospective multicenter study of 118 cases. Am J Perinatol 2003; 20: 153–163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva V, Diaz MC, Febre N. Invasive fungal infections in Chile: a multicenter study of fungal prevalence and susceptibility during a 1-year period. Med Mycol 2004; 42: 333–339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasqualotto AC, Nedel WL, Machado TS, Severo LC. A comparative study of risk factors and outcome among outpatient-acquired and nosocomial candidaemia. J Hosp Infect 2005; 60: 129–134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costa SF, Marinho I, Araujo EA, et al. Nosocomial fungaemia: a 2-year prospective study. J Hosp Infect 2000; 45: 69–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo AL, Nucci M, Salomao R, et al. High rate of non-albicans candidemia in Brazilian tertiary care hospitals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 34: 281–286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin AS, Costa SF, Mussi NS, et al. Candida parapsilosis fungemia associated with implantable and semi-implantable central venous catheters and the hands of healthcare workers. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 30: 243–249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nucci M, Anaissie E. Revisiting the source of candidemia: skin or gut?. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 1959–1967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nucci M, Colombo AL, Silveira F, et al. Risk factors for death in patients with candidemia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998; 19: 846–850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard M38:A. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, PA 2002
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen MH, Clancy CJ, Yu VL, et al. Do in vitro susceptibility data predict the microbiologic response to amphotericin B? Results of a prospective study of patients with Candida fungemia. J Infect Dis 1998; 177: 425–430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tortorano AM, Peman J, Bernhardt H, et al. Epidemiology of candidaemia in Europe: results of 28-month European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) hospital-based surveillance study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23: 317–322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Doern GV, et al. International surveillance of bloodstream infections due to Candida species: frequency of occurrence and antifungal susceptibilities of isolates collected in 1997 in the United States, Canada, and South America for the SENTRY Program. The SENTRY Participant Group. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 1886–1889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girmenia C, Martino P, De BF, et al. Rising incidence of Candida parapsilosis fungemia in patients with hematologic malignancies: clinical aspects, predisposing factors, and differential pathogenicity of the causative strains. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23: 506–514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safdar A, Bannister TW, Safdar Z. The predictors of outcome in immunocompetent patients with hematogenous candidiasis. Int J Infect Dis 2004; 8: 180–186
   Google Scholar
• Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Rex JH, Pappas PG, et al. Antifungal susceptibility survey of 2,000 bloodstream Candida isolates in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47: 3149–3154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Bolmstrom A. Evaluation of Etest for determining in vitro susceptibility of yeast isolates to amphotericin B. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 32: 223–227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarvikivi E, Lyytikäinen O, Soll DR, et al. Emergence of fluconazole resistance in a Candida parapsilosis strain that caused infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 2729–2735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mora-Duarte J, Betts R, Rotstein C, et al. Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 2020–2029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar