Molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Sporothrix schenckii isolates from a cat-transmitted epidemic of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

References

• Rippon J. Sporotrichosis. Medical Mycology – The Pathogenic Fungi and Pathogenic Actinomycetes, JW Rippon. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia 1988; 325–352
   Google Scholar
• Conti Diaz IA. Epidemiology of sporotrichosis in Latin America. Mycopathologia 1989; 108: 113–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennet JE. Sporotrichosis. Medical Mycology, C Cann. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1992; 707–729
   Google Scholar
• Kauffman CA, Hajjeh R, Chapman SW. Practice guidelines for the management of patients with sporotrichosis. For the Mycoses Study Group. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 684–687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva-Vergara ML, Maneira FR, De Oliveira RM, et al. Multifocal sporotrichosis with meningeal involvement in a patient with AIDS. Med Mycol 2005; 43: 187–190
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson I, Jenkins DR, Wiselka MJ, Hardman S, Johnson EM. Disseminated Sporothix schenckii in a patient with AIDS. J Infect 2005; 51: 73–77
   Google Scholar
• Ishizaki H, Kawasaki M, Aoki M, Matsumoto T, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Sporothrix schenckii in North and South America. Mycopathologia 1998; 142: 115–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishizaki H, Kawasaki M, Aoki M, Vismer H, Muir D. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Sporothrix schenckii in South Africa and Australia. Med Mycol 2000; 38: 433–436
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watanabe S, Kawasaki M, Mochizuki T, Ishizaki H. RFLP analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of Sporothrix schenckii. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zassh. 2004; 45: 165–175
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mesa-Arango AC, Del Rocio Reyes-Montes M, et al. Phenotyping and genotyping of Sporothrix schenckii isolates according to geographic origin and clinical form of Sporotrichosis. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 3004–3011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neyra E, Fonteyne PA, Swinne D, et al. Epidemiology of human sporotrichosis investigated by amplified fragment length polymorphism. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 1348–1352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arenas R, Miller D, Campos-Macias P. Epidemiological data and molecular characterization (mtDNA) of Sporothrix schenckii in 13 cases from Mexico. Int J Dermatol 2007; 46: 177–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Lian C, Jin L, An L, Yang G, Lin X. Characterization of Sporothrix schenckii by random amplification of polymorphic DNA assay. Chin Med J (Engl) 2003; 16: 239–242
   Google Scholar
• da Rosa AC, Scroferneker ML, Vettorato R, et al. Epidemiology of sporotrichosis: a study of 304 cases in Brazil. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52: 451–459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampaio, SAP, Lacaz, CS, Almeida, F. Aspectos clínicos da esporotricose em SP – análise de 235 casos. Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 1954: 391–402.
   Google Scholar
• Lopes JO, Alves SH, Mari CR, et al. Epidemiology of sporotrichosis in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. [Article in Portuguese]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1999; 32: 541–545
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fleury RN, Taborda PR, Gupta AK, et al. Zoonotic sporotrichosis. Transmission to humans by infected domestic cat scratching: report of four cases in São Paulo, Brazil. Int J Dermatol 2001; 40: 318–322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques SA, Franco SR, de Camargo RM, et al. Sporotrichosis of the domestic cat (Felis catus): human transmission. [Article in Portuguese]. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1993; 35: 327–330
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barros MB, Schubach A, de O, do Valle AC, et al. Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: description of a series of cases. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38: 529–535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubach TM, Schubach A, Okamoto T, et al. Evaluation of an epidemic of sporotrichosis in cats: 347 cases (1998–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224: 1623–1629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubach TM, Schubach A, Okamoto T, et al. Canine sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis and therapeutic response in 44 cases (1998–2003). Med Mycol 2006; 44: 87–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopes-Bezerra LM, Schubach A, Costa RO. Sporothrix schenckii and sporotrichosis. An Acad Bras Cienc 2006; 78: 293–308
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Lima Barros MB, de Oliveira Schubach A, Galhardo MC, et al. Sporotrichosis with widespread cutaneous lesions: report of 24 cases related to transmission by domestic cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Int J Dermatol 2003; 42: 677–681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubach A, de Lima Barros MB, Schubach TM, et al. Primary conjunctival sporotrichosis: two cases from a zoonotic epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cornea 2005; 24: 491–493
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez Galhardo MC, de Oliveira Schubach A, de Lima Barros MB, et al. Erythema nodosum associated with sporotrichosis. Int J Dermatol 2002; 41: 114–116
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Barros MB, Schubach AO, et al. Erythema multiforme associated with sporotrichosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005; 9: 507–509
   Google Scholar
• Schubach TM, de Oliveira Schubach A, dos Reis RS, et al. Sporothrix schenckii isolated from domestic cats with and without sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mycopathologia 2002; 153: 83–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis, RS, Schubach, TM, Guimarães, A, Monteiro, P, Zancopé-Oliveira, R. Molecular typing of Sporothrix schenckii strains isolated from clinical speciments in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, In: program and abstracts of the 14th International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) (Buenos Aires) 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Sampaio SAP, Lacaz CS. Klinische und statistiche Untersuchungen über Sporotrichose in Sao Paulo. Hautarzt 1959; 10: 490–493
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2002. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Approved standard. NCCLS document M38-A. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
   Google Scholar
• Holden DW. DNA miniprep method for Aspergillus fumigatus (and other filamentous fungi). Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi, B Maresca, GS Kobayashi. Telos Press, New York 1994; 3–4
   Google Scholar
• Meyer W, Marszewska K, Amirmostofian M, et al. Molecular typing of global isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-a pilot study to standardize techniques on which to base a detailed epidemiological survey. Electrophoresis 1999; 20: 1790–1799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohler LM, Monteiro PC, Hahn RC, Hamdan JS. In vitro susceptibilities of isolates of Sporothrix schenckii to itraconazole and terbinafine. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 4319–4320
   Google Scholar
• McGinnis MR, Nordoff N, Li RK, Pasarell L, Warnock DW. Sporothrix schenckii sensitivity to voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B. Med Mycol 2001; 39: 369–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trilles L, Fernandez-Torres B, Dos Santos Lazera M, et al. In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii in two growth phases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49: 3952–3954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman SW, Pappas P, Kauffmann C, et al. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy and safety of two doses of terbinafine (500 and 1000 mg day(−1)) in the treatment of cutaneous or lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. Mycoses 2004; 47: 62–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tachibana T, Matsuyama T, Mitsuyama M. Involvement of CD4+ T cells and macrophages in acquired protection against infection with Sporothrix schenckii in mice. Med Mycol 1999; 37: 397–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marimon R, Gene J, Cano J, et al. Molecular phylogeny of Sporothrix schenckii. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44: 3251–3256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tachibana T, Matsuyama T, Mitsuyama M. Characteristic infectivity of Sporothrix schenckii to mice depending on routes of infection and inherent fungal pathogenicity. Med Mycol 1998; 36: 21–27
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong X, Xiao T, Lin J, Wang Y, Chen HD. Relationships among genotypes, virulence and clinical forms of Sporothrix schenckii infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12: 1077–1081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar