Morphological and molecular characterization of an equine isolate of Pythium insidiosum and comparison with the first human isolate from the same geographic region

References

• Triscott JA, Weedon D, Cabana E. Human subcutaneous pythiosis. J Cutan Pathol 1993; 20: 267–271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaffin MK, Chumacher J, McMullan WC. Cutaneus pythiosis in horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1995; 11: 91–103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendrick B. The Fifth Kingdom. 1st ed. WaterlooOntario, Canada: Mycologue Publications, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Mendoza L, Ajello L. Infections caused by the oomycetous pathogen Pythium insidiosum. J Mycol Med 1996; 6: 151–164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman L. Penicilliosis marneffei and pythiosis: emerging tropical diseases. Mycopathologia 1998; 143: 3–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeCock AWAM, Mendoza L, Padhye AA, Ajello L, Kaufman L. Pythium insidiosum sp. nov., the etiologic agent of pythiosis. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25: 344–349
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dykstra MJ, Sharp NJH, Olivry T, et al. A description of cutaneous-subcutaneus pythiosis in fifteen dogs. Med Mycol 1999; 37: 427–433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer JR, Pace LW, Turk JR, et al. Gastrointestinal pythiosis in Missouri dogs: eleven cases. J Vet Diag Invest 1994; 6: 380–382
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foil CSO, Short BG, Fadok VA, Kunkle GA. A report of subcutaneous pythiosis in five dogs and a review of the etiologic agent Pythium spp. J Am Animal Hosp Assoc 1894; 20: 959–966
   Google Scholar
• Bissonnette KW, Sharp NJH, Dykstra MH, et al. Nasal and retrobulbar mass in a cat caused by Pythium insidiosum. J Med Vet Mycol 1991; 29: 39–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller RI, Olcott BM, Archer M. Cutaneus pythiosis in beef calves. J Am Vet Med 1985; 186: 983–986
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santurio JM, Monteiro AB, Leal AT, et al. Cutaneus Pythiosis insidiosii in calves from the Pantanal region of Brazil. Mycopathologia 1998; 141: 123–125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez RC, Luis-Leon JJ, Vivas JL, Mendoza L. Epizootic cultaneus pythiosis in beef calves. Vet Microbiol 2005; 109: 121–128
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tabosa IM, Riet-Correa F, Nobre VTM, et al. Outbreaks of pythiosis in two flocks of sheep in northeastern Brazil. Vet Pathol 2004; 41: 412–415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendoza L, Alfaro AA. Equine pythiosis in Costa Rica: Report of 39 cases. Mycopathologia 1986; 94: 123–129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller RI, Shipton WA, Lea IR. Cell wall, zoospores and morphological characteristics of Australian isolates of Pythium causing equine phycomicosis. Trans Br Mycol Soc 1982; 79: 15–23
   Google Scholar
• Miller RI, Campebell RSF. Experimental pythiosis in rabbits. Sabouraudia 1983; 21: 331–341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leal ABM, Leal AT, Santurio JM, Kommers GD, Catto JB. Pitiose equina no Pantanal brasileiro: aspectos clínico-patológicos de casos típico e atípicos. Pesq Vet Bras 2001; 21: 151–156
   Google Scholar
• Luvizari FH, Lehmkuhl RC, Santos IW. Pitiose equina no Estado do Paraná – Primeiro relato de caso. Arch Vet Science 2002; 7: 99–102
   Google Scholar
• Reis JL, Jr, Nogueira RHG. Estudo anatomopatológico e imunoistoquímco da pitiose em eqüinos naturalmente infectados. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2002; 54.
   Google Scholar
• Reis JL, de Carvalho EC, Nogueira RH, Lemos LS, Mendoza L. Disseminated pythiosis in three horses. Vet Microbiol 2003; 96: 289–295
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sallis ESV, Pereira DI, Raffi MB. Pitiose cutânea em eqüinos: 14 casos. Ciência Rural 2003; 33: 899–903
   Google Scholar
• Headley AS, Arruda HN, Jr. Equine cutaneous pythiosis: a report of four cases. Ciência Rural 2004; 34: 289–292
   Google Scholar
• Santurio JM, Catto JB, Comastri Filho JA, Leal AT, Leal ABM. Ferida da Moda. Comunicado Técnico da Embrapa 2004; 34.
   Google Scholar
• Bosco SMG, Bagagli E, Araújo JP, Jr, et al. Human pythiosis, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11: 715–717
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marques SA, Bagagli E, Bosco SMG, et al. Pythium insidiosum: relato do primeiro caso de infecção humana no Brasil. An Bras Dermatol 2006; 81: 483–485
   Google Scholar
• Ridell RW. Permanent stained mycological preparations obtained by slide culture. Mycol 1950; 42: 265–270
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendoza L, Prendas J. A method to obtain rapid zoosporogenesis of Pythium insidiosum. Mycopathologa 1988; 104: 59–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoullough MJ, Disalvo AF, Clemons KV, Park P, Stevens DA. Molecular epidemiology of Blastomyces dermatitidis. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 328–335
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White TJ, Burns T, Lee S, Taylor J. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR Protocols: A Guide To Methods And Applications1st ed, MA Innis, DH Gelfand, JJ Sninsky, TJ White. Academic Press, San Diego 1990; 315–322
   Google Scholar
• Kimura M. Estimation of evolutionary distances between homologous nucleotide sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981; 78: 454–458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schurcko A, Mendoza L, DeCock AWAM, Klassen GR. Evidence for geographic clausters: Molecular genetic differences among strains of Pythium insidiosum from Asia, Australia and Americas are explored. Mycologia 2003; 95: 200–208
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ribes JA, Vanover-Sams CL, Baker DJ. Zygomycetes in human disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13: 236–301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigler L, Maza LM, Tan G, Egger KN, Sherburne RK. Diagnostic dificulties caused by a nonclamped Schizophyllum commune isolate in a case of fungus ball of the lung. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 1979–1983
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaiprasert A, Samerpitak K, Wanachiwanavin W, Thasnakorn P. Induction of zoospore formation in Tai isolates of Pythium insidiosum. Mycoses 1990; 33: 317–323
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mendoza L, Hernandez F, Ajello L. Life cycle of thee human and animal oomycete pathogen Pythium insidiosum. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 2967–2973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabosa IM, Medeiros VT, Dantas AFM. Pitiose cutânea em eqüinos no semi-árido da Paraíba. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 1999; 51: 27–30
   Google Scholar
• Thianprasit M. Fungal infection in Thailand. J Dermatol 1986; 96: 1343–1345
   Google Scholar
• Schurcko A, Mendoza L, Levesque CA, et al. A molecular phylogeny of Pythium insidiosum. Mycol Res 2003; 107: 537–544
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iwen PC, Hinrichs SH, Rupp ME. Utilization of the internal transcribed spacer regions as molecular targets to detect and identify human fungal pathogens. Med Mycol 2002; 40: 87–109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grooters AM, Gee MK. Development of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and identification of Pythium insidiosum. J Vet Intern Med 2002; 16: 147–152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar