Changes in healthcare resource use and costs associated with early versus delayed initiation of atypical antipsychotic adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder

References

• National Institute of Mental Health. Depression. Bethesda, MD: NIMH. Available at: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Depression and other common mental disorders. Global health estimates. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2017. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/254610/1/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Mental Health. Health & Education. Statistics. Bethesda, MD: NIMH; 2017. Available at: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/major-depression-among-adults.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg PE, Fournier AA, Sisitsky T, et al. The economic burden of adults with major depressive disorder in the United States (2005 and 2010). J Clin Psychiatry 2015;76:155-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merikangas KR, Ames M, Cui L, et al. The impact of comorbidity of mental and physical conditions on role disability in the US adult household population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;64:1180-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelenberg AJ, Freeman MP, Markowitz JC, et al. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder third edition. Am J Psychiatry 2010;167:1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet 2009;373:746-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Wisniewski SR, et al. Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR* D: implications for clinical practice. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:28-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, et al. Bupropion-SR, sertraline, or venlafaxine-XR after failure of SSRIs for depression. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1231-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute of Mental Health. Questions and answers about the NIMH sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D) study – all medication levels. Bethesda, MD: NIMH; 2006. Available at: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/funding/clinical-research/practical/stard/allmedicationlevels.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Al-Harbi KS. Treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions. Patient Prefer Adher 2012;6:369-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornstein SG, Dunner DL, Meyers AL, et al. A randomized, double-blind study of increasing or maintaining duloxetine dose in patients without remission of major depressive disorder after initial duloxetine therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69:1383-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thase ME, Kornstein SG, Germain JM, et al. An integrated analysis of the efficacy of desvenlafaxine compared with placebo in patients with major depressive disorder. CNS Spectrums 2009;14:144-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubovski E, Varigonda AL, Freemantle N, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: dose-response relationship of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2016;173:174-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Stewart JW, et al. Combining medications to enhance depression outcomes (CO-MED): acute and long-term outcomes of a single-blind randomized study. Am J Psychiatry 2011;168:689-701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connelly KR, Thase ME. If at first you don’t succeed: a review of the evidence for antidepressant augmentation, combination and switching strategies. Drugs 2011;71:43-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suppes T, Silva R, Cucchiaro J, et al. Lurasidone for the treatment of major depressive disorder with mixed features: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 2016;173:400-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thase ME, Youakim JM, Skuban A, et al. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive brexpiprazole 2 mg in major depressive disorder: a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with inadequate response to antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry 2015;76:1224-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papakostas GI, Shelton RC, Smith J, et al. Augmentation of antidepressants with atypical antipsychotic medications for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:826-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson JC, Papakostas GI. Atypical antipsychotic augmentation in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials. Am J Psychiatry 2009;166:980-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komossa K, Depping AM, Gaudchau A, et al. Second‐generation antipsychotics for major depressive disorder and dysthymia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010; 8(12)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Gao K, Kemp DE. Second-generation antipsychotics in major depressive disorder: update and clinical perspective. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2011;24:10-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen XJ, Wang LM, Liu ZL, et al. Meta-analysis on the efficacy and tolerability of the augmentation of antidepressants with atypical antipsychotics in patients with major depressive disorder. Braz J Med Biol Res 2014;47:605-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou X, Keitner G, Qin B, et al. Atypical antipsychotic augmentation for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015;18:pyv060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed S, Johnson GR, Chen P, et al. Effect of antidepressant switching vs augmentation on remission among patients with major depressive disorder unresponsive to antidepressant treatment: the VAST-D randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2017;318:132-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielmans GI, Berman MI, Linardatos E, et al. Adjunctive atypical antipsychotic treatment for major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of depression, quality of life, and safety outcomes. PLoS Med 2013;10:e1001403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prescribing information for Abilify. Rockville, MD: Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.; 2007. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/021436s018,021713s013,21729s005,021866s005lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Prescribing information for Seroquel XR. Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; 2009. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/022047s011s016s017s01-9s022lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Prescribing information for Rexulti. Rockville, MD: Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.; 2015. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/205422s000lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lin C, Tsai GE, Wang H, et al. Effectiveness of aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone augmentation treatment for major depressive disorder: a nationwide population-based study. J Clin Psychiatry 2014;75:e924-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagiwara M, Sun SX, Moynahan A, et al. Change in healthcare utilization and costs in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) initiating adjunctive therapy with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAS). Value Health 2015;18:A119;PMH25
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Han C, Lee S, et al. Second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of major depressive disorder: an update. Chonnam Med J 2016;52:159-72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quan H, Li B, Couris CM, et al. Updating and validating the Charlson comorbidity index and score for risk adjustment in hospital discharge abstracts using data from 6 countries. Am J Epidemiol 2011;173:676-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abadie A. Semiparametric difference-in-differences estimators. Rev Econ Stud 2005;72:1-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimick JB, Ryan AM. Methods for evaluating changes in health care policy. The difference-in-differences approach. JAMA 2014;312:2401-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan and Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011
   Google Scholar
• Lin CH, Lin KS, Lin CY, et al. Time to rehospitalization in patients with major depressive disorder taking venlafaxine or fluoxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69:54-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prina AM, Huisman M, Yeap BB, et al. Association between depression and hospital outcomes among older men. Can Med Assoc J 2013;185:117-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pederson JL, Warkentin LM, Majumdar SR, et al. Depressive symptoms are associated with higher rates of readmission or mortality after medical hospitalization: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Hosp Med 2016;11:373-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brugue E, Vieta E. Atypical antipsychotics in bipolar depression: neurobiological basis and clinical implications. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007;31:275-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman JA. Metabolic changes associated with antipsychotic use. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2004;6(suppl 2):8-13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Riordan HJ, Antonini P, Murphy MF. Atypical antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: risk factors, monitoring, and healthcare implication. Am Health Drug Benefits 2011;4:292-302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newcomer JW. Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: a comprehensive literature review. CNS Drugs 2005;19(Suppl 1):1-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maayan L, Correll CU. Management of antipsychotic-related weight gain. Expert Rev Neurother 2010;10:1175-200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris AD, McGregor JC, Perencevich EN, et al. The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2006;13:16-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar