Long-term cost-effectiveness analysis shows that IDegLira is associated with improved outcomes and lower costs compared with insulin glargine U100 plus insulin aspart in the US

References

• International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas 7th edition. Brussels, Belgium; 2017. Available at: http://www.diabetesatlas.org/across-the-globe.html [Last accessed 27 July 2017]
   Google Scholar
• Zhuo X, Zhang P, Hoerger TJ. Lifetime direct medical costs of treating type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications. Am J Prev Med 2013;45:253–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer J, Tian Y, Weng W, et al. Assessing unmet needs for type 2 diabetes patients treated with basal insulin in the United States. Endocrine Practice 2016;22:78-9
   Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. Glycemic targets. Diabetes Care 2017;40(Suppl 1):S48-56
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment. Diabetes Care 2017;40(Suppl 1):S64-74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gough SC, Jain R, Woo VC. Insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2016;11:7-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough SC, Bode B, Woo V, et al. Efficacy and safety of a fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) compared with its components given alone: results of a phase 3, open-label, randomised, 26-week, treat-to-target trial in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014;2:885-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buse JB, Vilsboll T, Thurman J, et al. Contribution of liraglutide in the fixed ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira). Diabetes Care 2014;37:2926-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linjawi S, Bode B, Chaykin L, et al. The efficacy of IDegLira (insulin degludec/liraglutide combination) in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with a GLP-1 receptor agonist and oral therapy: DUAL III randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Ther 2017;8:101-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodbard HW, Bode B, Harris S, et al. IDegLira in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled on sulfonylureas (SU) alone or in combination with metformin: the DUAL IV study. Diabetes 2015;64(Suppl 1):A255-56. Abstract 1003-P
   Google Scholar
• Lingvay I, Manghi FP, García-Hernández P, et al. Effect of insulin glargine up-titration vs insulin degludec/liraglutide on glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: the DUAL V randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016;315:898-907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billings LK, Doshi A, Gouet D, et al. Efficacy and safety of IDegLira versus basal-bolus insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on metformin and basal insulin: the DUAL VII randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care 2018;41:1009-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khunti K, Nikolajsen A, Thorsted BL, et al. Clinical inertia with regard to intensifying therapy in people with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016;18:401-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer AJ, Roze S, Valentine WJ, et al. The CORE diabetes model: projecting long-term clinical outcomes, costs and cost-effectiveness of interventions in diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2) to support clinical and reimbursement decision-making. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20(Suppl 1):S5-S26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer AJ, Roze S, Valentine WJ, et al. Validation of the CORE diabetes model against epidemiological and clinical studies. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20(Suppl 1):S27-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwan P, Foos V, Palmer JL, et al. Validation of the IMS CORE diabetes model. Value Health 2014;17:714-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association Consensus Panel. Guidelines for computer modeling of diabetes and its complications. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2262-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold MR, Siegel JE, Russell LB, et al. Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1996
   Google Scholar
• Hunt B, Mocarski, M, Valentine WJ, et al. Evaluation of the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus liraglutide added to basal insulin for patients with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycemic control on basal insulin in the USA. J Med Econ 2017;20:663-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt B, Mocarski M, Valentine WJ, et al. IDegLira versus insulin glargine U100: a long-term cost-effectiveness analysis in the US setting. Diabetes Ther 2017;8:531-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizzi LT. The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review and its growing influence on the US healthcare. Am Health Drug Benefits 2016;9:9-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute for Clinical and Economic Review. Overview of the ICER value assessment framework and update for 2017–2019. Boston, USA; 2017. Available at: https://icer-review.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/ICER-value-assessment-framework-update-FINAL-062217.pdf [Last accessed 27 July 2017]
   Google Scholar
• Wright A, Burden AC, Paisey RB, et al. Sulfonylurea inadequacy: efficacy of addition of insulin over 6 years in patients with type 2 diabetes in the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 57). Diabetes Care 2002;25:330-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holman RR, Farmer AJ, Davies MJ, et al. Three-year efficacy of complex insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1736-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009;360:129-39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group, Gerstein HC, Miller ME, et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2545-59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ADVANCE Collaborative Group, Patel A, MacMahon S, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2560-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medi-Span PriceRx. Wolters Kluwer Health. Indianapolis, USA; 2017. Available at: https://pricerx.medispan.com/login.aspx [Last accessed 27 July 2017]
   Google Scholar
• Yeaw J, Lee WC, Aagren M, et al. Cost of self-monitoring of blood glucose in the United States among patients on an insulin regimen for diabetes. J Manag Care Pharm 2012;18:21-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer prices index. Washington DC, USA; 2017. Available at: http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/CUUR0000SA0 [Last accessed 27 July 2017]
   Google Scholar
• Yeaw J, Halinan S, Hines D, et al. Direct medical costs for complications among children and adults with diabetes in the US commercial payer setting. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2014;12:219-30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foos V, Varol N, Curtis BH, et al. Economic impact of severe and non-severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the United States. J Med Econ 2015;18:420-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramulu PY, Do DV, Corcoran KJ, et al. Use of retinal procedures in Medicare beneficiaries from 1997 to 2007. Arch Ophthalmol 2010;128:1335-40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Department of Health and Human Services. Questionable billing by suppliers of lower limb prostheses. New York, USA; 2011. Available at: https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-02-10-00170.pdf [Last accessed 27 July 2017]
   Google Scholar
• Carroll K. Older adults can thrive as prosthesis users. Senior Step. Manassas, USA; 2004. Available at: http://www.amputee-coalition.org/senior_step/older_prosthesis_users.html [Last accessed 27 July 2017]
   Google Scholar
• Clarke P, Gray A, Holman R. Estimating utility values for health states of type 2 diabetic patients using the EQ-5D (UKPDS 62). Med Decis Making 2002;22:340-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tengs TO, Wallace A. One thousand health-related quality-of-life estimates. Med Care 2000;38:583-637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans M, Khunti K, Mamdani M, et al. Health-related quality of life associated with daytime and nocturnal hypoglycaemic events: a time trade-off survey in five countries. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013;11:90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagust A, Beale S. Modelling EuroQol health-related utility values for diabetic complications from CODE-2 data. Health Econ 2005;14:217-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie CJ, Morgan CL, Poole CD, et al. Multivariate models of health-related utility and the fear of hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:1523-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstock J, Fonseca V, McGill JB, et al. Similar progression of diabetic retinopathy with insulin glargine and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a long-term, randomised, open-label study. Diabetologia 2009;52:1778-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoens S. Health economic assessment: a methodological primer. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2009;6:2950-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilsbøll T, Blevins T, Bode BW, et al. IDegLira improves cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on basal insulin: analyses of DUAL II and DUAL V. Diabetologia 2017;60(Suppl 1):S52
   Google Scholar