Treatment patterns, comorbidities, healthcare resource use, and associated costs by line of chemotherapy and level of comorbidity in patients with newly-diagnosed Merkel cell carcinoma in the United States

References

• Saini AT, Miles BA. Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: pathogenesis, current and emerging treatment options. Onco Targets Ther 2015;8:2157-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen MM, Roman SA, Sosa JA, et al. The role of adjuvant therapy in the management of head and neck merkel cell carcinoma: an analysis of 4815 patients. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015;141:137-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith VA, Camp ER, Lentsch EJ. Merkel cell carcinoma: identification of prognostic factors unique to tumors located in the head and neck based on analysis of SEER data. Laryngoscope 2012;122:1283-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toker C. Trabecular carcinoma of the skin. Arch Dermatol 1972;105:107-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald TL, Dennis S, Kachare SD, et al. Dramatic increase in the incidence and mortality from Merkel cell carcinoma in the United States. Am Surg 2015;81:802-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen PJ, Bowne WB, Jaques DP, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: prognosis and treatment of patients from a single institution. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:2300-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokes JB, Graw KS, Dengel LT, et al. Patients with Merkel cell carcinoma tumors < or = 1.0 cm in diameter are unlikely to harbor regional lymph node metastasis. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3772-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andea AA, Coit DG, Amin B, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: histologic features and prognosis. Cancer 2008;113:2549-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andea AA, Patel R, Ponnazhagan S, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: correlation of KIT expression with survival and evaluation of KIT gene mutational status. Hum Pathol 2010;41:1405-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santamaria-Barria JA, Boland GM, Yeap BY, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: 30-year experience from a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol 2013;20:1365-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemos BD, Storer BE, Iyer JG, et al. Pathologic nodal evaluation improves prognostic accuracy in Merkel cell carcinoma: analysis of 5823 cases as the basis of the first consensus staging system. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63:751-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng H, Shuda M, Chang Y, et al. Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma. Science 2008;319:1096-100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schadendorf D, Lebbe C, Zur Hausen A, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: epidemiology, prognosis, therapy and unmet medical needs. Eur J Cancer 2017;71:53-69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agelli M, Clegg LX. Epidemiology of primary Merkel cell carcinoma in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:832-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asgari MM, Sokil MM, Warton EM, et al. Effect of host, tumor, diagnostic, and treatment variables on outcomes in a large cohort with Merkel cell carcinoma. JAMA Dermatol 2014;150:716-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath M, Jaimes N, Lemos B, et al. Clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma at diagnosis in 195 patients: The AEIOU features. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:375-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebbé C, Becker JC, Grob JJ, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma. European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline. Eur J Cancer 2015;51:2396-403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulson KG, Park SY, Vandeven NA, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018;78:457-463.e2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Cancer Institute. SEER Database [Internet]. Bethesda, MD, USA. Available at: https://seer.cancer.gov/ [Last accessed May 31, 2018]
   Google Scholar
• Bavencio (avelumab) injection [package insert]. Darmstadt, Germany: Merck KGaA; 2017. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/761049s000lbl.pdf [Last accessed May 31, 2018]
   Google Scholar
• Aldabagh B, Joo J, Yu SS. Merkel cell carcinoma: current status of targeted and future potential for immunotherapies. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2014;33:76-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Merkel cell carcinoma, V2. Fort Washington, PA, USA: NCCN; 2018. Available at: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/mcc.pdf [Last accessed May 31, 2018]
   Google Scholar
• Ghadjar P, Kaanders JH, Poortmans P, et al. The essential role of radiotherapy in the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma: a study from the Rare Cancer Network. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;81:e583-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyer JG, Blom A, Doumani R, et al. Response rates and durability of chemotherapy among 62 patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2016;5:2294-301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nghiem P, Kaufman HL, Bharmal M, et al. Systematic literature review of efficacy, safety and tolerability outcomes of chemotherapy regimens in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2017;13:1264-79
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulsen MG, Rischin D, Porter I, et al. Does chemotherapy improve survival in high-risk stage I and II Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;64:114-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker JC, Lorenz E, Ugurel S, et al. Evaluation of real-world treatment outcomes in patients with distant metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma following second-line chemotherapy in Europe. Oncotarget 2017;8:79731-41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cowey CL, Mahnke L, Espirito J, et al. Real-world treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma treated with chemotherapy in the USA. Future Oncol 2017;13:1699-710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker JC, Stang A, DeCaprio JA, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017;3:17077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBM Watson Health. Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases. Armonk, NY, USA; 2017. Available at: https://truvenhealth.com/markets/life-sciences/products/data-tools/marketscan-databases [Last accessed May 31, 2018]
   Google Scholar
• Setoguchi S, Solomon DH, Glynn RJ, et al. Agreement of diagnosis and its date for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors between Medicare claims and cancer registry data. Cancer Causes Control 2007;18:561-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:613-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, et al. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987;40:373-83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kearney M, Oksen DV, Boutmy E, et al. Historic treatment patterns in patients with Merkel cell cancer in a large US commercially insured population. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2017;23(suppl 10a):C11
   Google Scholar
• Kearney M, Thokagevistk K, Boutmy E, et al. Healthcare resource use and expenditures among patients with Merkel cell carcinoma by level of comorbidity. J Clin Oncol 2018;36(suppl 15):abstract e18932
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaae J, Hansen AV, Biggar RJ, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: incidence, mortality, and risk of other cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010;102:793-801
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van der Zwan JM, Trama A, Otter R, et al. Rare neuroendocrine tumours: results of the surveillance of rare cancers in Europe project. Eur J Cancer 2013;49:2565-78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong SQ, Waldeck K, Vergara IA, et al. UV-associated mutations underlie the etiology of MCV-negative Merkel cell carcinomas. Cancer Res 2015;75:5228-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guy GP, Ekwueme DU, Tangka FK, et al. Melanoma treatment costs: a systematic review of the literature, 1990–2011. Am J Prev Med 2012;43:537-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz E, Chen C-I, Deering K, et al. Treatment patterns and costs in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) patients with nodal dissection, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy. J Clin Oncol 2018;36(suppl 15):abstract e18703
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steuten L, Fedorenko CR, Sun Q, et al. Treatment patterns and total healthcare costs of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma in the United States. ISPOR Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, USA; May 20-24 2017
   Google Scholar
• Kearney M, Esposito DB, Peñalvo JL, et al. Economic burden of locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma in the United States: an analysis of electronic health records. ISPOR Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, USA; May 20-24 2017
   Google Scholar
• Kearney M, Locker M, Boutmy E, et al. Real-world comorbidities of patients with newly diagnosed Merkel cell carcinoma in the United States. AAD Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, USA; February 16-20, 2018
   Google Scholar
• Bhatia S, Storer BE, Iyer JG, et al. Adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy in Merkel cell carcinoma: survival analyses of 6908 cases from the National Cancer Data Base. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016;108. doi:10.1093/jncidjw042
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jin S, Pazdur R, Sridhara R. Re-evaluating eligibility criteria for oncology clinical trials: analysis of investigational new drug applications in 2015. J Clin Oncol 2017;35:3745-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauschild A, Schadendorf D. Checkpoint inhibitors: a new standard of care for advanced Merkel cell carcinoma? Lancet Oncol 2016;17:1337-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schadendorf D, Nghiem P, Bhatia S, et al. Immune evasion mechanisms and immune checkpoint inhibition in advanced Merkel cell carcinoma. OncoImmunology 2017;6:e1338237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar