112
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Commentary

The HRT misuse and osteoporosis epidemic: a possible future scenario

, &
Pages 273-275 | Received 03 Sep 2006, Accepted 25 May 2007, Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • CDC/NCHS: NHANES III – HRT. Factors associated with HRT use. NHI, Office of Research of Women's Health, March 2001.
  • Rossouw J E, Anderson G L, Prentice R L, et al. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002; 288: 321–333
  • Million Women Study Collaborators. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet 2003; 362: 419–427
  • Hersh A L, Stefanick M L, Stafford R S. National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence. JAMA 2004; 291: 47–53
  • Genazzani A R, Gambacciani M, Schneider H P, Christiansen C, International Menopause Society Expert Workshop. Postmenopausal osteoporosis: therapeutic options. Climacteric 2005; 8: 99–109
  • Cauley J A, Robbins J, Chen Z, et al. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density. The Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 290: 1729–1738
  • Anderson G L, Limacher M, Assaf A, et al. Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. JAMA 2004; 291: 1701–1712
  • Lees B, Stevenson J C. The prevention of osteoporosis using sequential low-dose hormone replacement therapy with estradiol-17β and dydrogesterone. Osteoporosis Int 2001; 12: 251–258
  • Lindsay R, Gallagher J C, Kleerekoper M, Pickar J H. Effect of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone in early postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002; 287: 2668–2676
  • Ettinger B, Ensrud K E, Wallace R, et al. Effects of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on bone mineral density: a randomized clinical trial. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104: 443–451
  • Bagger Y Z, Tanko L B, Alexandersen P, et al. Two to three years of hormone replacement treatment in healthy women have long-term preventive effects on bone mass and osteoporotic fractures: the PERF study. Bone 2004; 34: 728–735
  • Kanis J A, Oden A, Johnel O, Jonsson B, de Laette C, Dawson A. The burden of osteoporotic fractures. A method for setting intervention thresholds. Ostoeporosis Int 2001; 12: 417–427
  • Ettinger B, Black D M, Mitlak B H, et al. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene. JAMA 1999; 282: 637–645
  • Cummings S R, Black D M, Thompson D E, et al. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures. JAMA 1998; 280: 2077–2082
  • McClung M R, Geusens P, Millar P D, et al. Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. Hip Intervention Program Study Group. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 333–340
  • Genazzani A R, Gambacciani M. A personal initiative for women's health: to challenge the Women's Health Initiative. Gynecol Endocrinol 2002; 16: 255–257
  • Gambacciani M, Genazzani A R. The osteoporosis dilemma. Gynecol Endocrinol 2004; 18: 59–61
  • Genazzani A R, Gambacciani M, Simoncini T. Estrogens and women's health: a scary or a fairy tale?. Gynecol Endocrinol 2004; 18: 175–178
  • Gambacciani M, Genazzani A R. The Xmas present for women's health: a strike to osteoporosis prevention. Maturitas 2004; 48: 9–11
  • Naftolin F, Schneider H P, Sturdee D W, et al. Executive Committee of the International Menopause Society. Guidelines for hormone treatment of women in the menopausal transition and beyond. Climacteric 2004; 7: 333–337
  • Bagger Y Z, Tanko L B, Alexandersen P, Qin G, Christiansen C, for the PERF Study Group. Early postmenopausal hormone therapy may prevent cognitive impairment later in life. Menopause 2005; 12: 12–17
  • Grodstein F, Manson J E, Stampfer M J. Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. J Women's Hlth 2006; 1: 35–44
  • Hsia J, Lange R D, Kuller L, , for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators, et al. Conjugated equine estrogens and coronary heart disease. The Women's Health Initiative. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 357–365
  • Rossouw J E, Prentice R L, Manson J E, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 2007; 297: 1465–1477
  • Stefanick M L, Anderson G L, Margolis K L, et al. WHI Investigators. Effects of conjugated equine estrogens on breast cancer and mammography screening in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. JAMA 2006; 295: 1647–1657

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.