References
- Funder J W, Feldman D, Edelman I S. Specific aldosterone binding in rat kidney and parotid. J Steroid Biochem 1972; 3: 209–218
- Feldman D, Funder J W, Edelman I S. Subcellular mechanisms in the action of adrenal steroids. Am J Med 1972; 53: 545–560
- Arriza J L, Weinberger C, Cerelli G, et al. Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor complementary DNA: structural and functional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor. Science 1987; 237: 268–275
- Funder J W, Pearce P T, Smith R, Smith A I. Mineralocorticoid action: target tissue specificity is enzyme, not receptor, mediated. Science 1988; 242: 583–585
- Stockand J D. New ideas about aldosterone signaling in epithelia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002; 282: F559–F576
- Pujo L, Fagart J, Gary F, et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor mutations are the principal cause of renal type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism. Hum Mutat 2007; 28: 33–40
- De Kloet E R, Vreugdenhil E, Oitzl M S, Joels M. Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease. Endocr Rev 1998; 19: 269–301
- Lifton R P, Gharavi A G, Geller D S. Molecular mechanisms of human hypertension. Cell 2001; 104: 545–556
- Funder J W. Aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptors and vascular inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004; 217: 263–269
- Funder J W. RALES, EPHESUS and redox. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 93: 121–125
- Belmin J, Lévy B I, Michel J B. Changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis in later life. Drugs Aging 1994; 5: 391–400
- Pechere-Bertschi A, Bunier M. Female sex hormones, salt and blood pressure regulation. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17: 994–1001
- Hernandez Schulman I, Aranda P, Raij L, et al. Surgical menopause increases salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Hypertension 2006; 47: 1168–1174
- DeMayo F J, Zhao B, Takamoto N, Tsai S Y. Mechanisms of action of estrogen and progesterone. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 955: 48–59
- Benagiano G, Primiero F M, Farris M. Clinical profile of contraceptive progestins. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2004; 9: 182–193
- Souque A, Fagart J, Couette B, et al. The mineralocorticoid activity of progesterone derivatives depends on the nature of the C18 substituent. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 5651–5658
- Hu X, Funder J W. The evolution of mineralocorticoid receptors. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 20: 1471–1478
- Leo J CL, Guo C, Woon C T, et al. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid cross-talk with progesterone receptor to induce focal adhesion and growth inhibition in breast cancer cells. Endocrinology 2004; 145: 1314–1321
- Grecu E O, Weinshelbaum A, Simmons R. Effective therapy of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Calcif Tissue Int 1990; 46: 294–299
- Funder J W. Mineralocorticoids receptors: distributions and activation. Heart Fail Rev 2005; 10: 15–22
- Gregoire F M, Smas C M, Sul H S. Understanding adipocyte differentiation. Physiol Rev 1998; 78: 783–809
- Masuzaki H, Paterson J, Shinyama H, et al. A transgenic model of visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Science 2001; 294: 2166–2170
- Zennaro M C, Le Menuet D, Viengchareun S, Walker F, Ricquier D, Lombes M. Hibernoma development in transgenic mice identifies brown adipose tissue as a novel target of aldosterone action. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 1254–1260
- Penfornis P, Viengchareun S, Le Menuet D, et al. The mineralocorticoid receptor mediates aldosterone-induced differentiation of T37i cells into brown adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000; 279: E386–E394
- Viengchareun S, Penfornis P, Zennaro M C, Lombes M. Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors inhibit UCP expression and function in brown adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001; 280: E640–E649
- Caprio M, Fève B, Claës A, et al. Pivotal role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in corticosteroid-induced adipogenesis. FASEB J 2007; 21: 2185–2194
- Fu M, Sun T, Bookout A L, et al. A nuclear receptor atlas: 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19: 2437–2450
- O'Brien S N, Welter B H, Mantzke K A, Price T M. Identification of progesterone receptor in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 509–513
- McDonnell D P, Shahbaz M M, Vegeto E, et al. The human progesterone receptor A form functions as a transcriptional modulator of mineralocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994; 48: 425–432
- Rosano G M, Vitale C, Marazzi G, Volterrani M. Menopause and cardiovascular disease: the evidence. Climacteric 2007; 10: 19–24
- Tominaga T, Suzuki H, Ogata Y, et al. The role of sex hormones and sodium intake in post-menopausal hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1991; 5: 495–500
- Zamboni M, Armellini F, Milani M P, et al. Body fat distribution in pre-and post-menopausal women: metabolic and anthropometric variables and their inter-relationship. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992; 16: 495–504
- Lindheim S R, Buchanan T A, Duffy D M, et al. Comparison of estimates of insulin sensitivity in pre- and post-menopausal women using the insulin tolerance test and the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1994; 1: 150–154
- Toth M J, Tchernof A, Sites C K, Poehlman E T. Effect of menopausal status on body composition and abdominal fat distribution. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 226–231
- Pedersen S B, Pedersen S B, Børglum J D, et al. Effects of in vivo estrogen treatment on adipose tissue metabolism and nuclear estrogen receptor binding in isolated rat adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1992; 85: 13–19
- Hamosh P, Hamosh M, Hamosh P. The effect of estrogen on the lipoprotein lipase activity of rat adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 1975; 55: 1132–1135
- Homma H, Kurachi H, Nishio Y, et al. Estrogen suppresses transcription of lipoprotein lipase gene. Existence of a unique estrogen response element on the lipoprotein lipase promoter. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 11404–11411
- Tanko L B, Christiansen C. Effects of 17beta-oestradiol plus different doses of drospirenone on adipose tissue, adiponectin and atherogenic metabolites in postmenopausal women. J Intern Med 2005; 258: 544–553
- Purnell J Q, Brandon D D, Isabelle L M, et al. Association of 24h cortisol production rates, cortisol-binding globulin and plasma free cortisol levels with body composition, leptin levels, and aging in adult men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 281–287
- Quresci A C, Bahri A, Breen L A, et al. The influence of the route of estrogen administration on serum levels of cortisol-binding globulin and total cortisol. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007; 66: 632–635
- Gower B A, Nyman L. Associations among oral estrogen use, free testosterone concentration, and lean body mass among postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4476–4480
- Laughlin G A, Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D, von Mühlen D. Hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and endogenous sex hormone levels in older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 645–651
- Harrison Bernard LM, Hernandez Schulman I, Raij L. Postovariectomy hypertension is linked to increased renal AT1 receptor and salt sensitivity. Hypertension 2003; 42: 1157–1163
- Sitruk-Ware R. Pharmacology of different progestogens: the special case of drospirenone. Climacteric 2005; 8(Suppl 3)4–12
- Pizzolo F, Pavan C, Corrocher R, Olivieri O. Laboratory diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, and drospirenone-ethinylestradiol therapy. Am J Hypertens 2007; 20: 1334–1337
- Palacios S, Foidart J M, Genazzani A R. Advances in hormone replacement therapy with drospirenone, a unique progestogen with aldosterone receptor antagonism. Maturitas 2006; 55: 297
- White W B, Pitt B, Preston R A, Hanes V. Antihypertensive effects of drospirenone with 17beta-estradiol, a novel hormone treatment in postmenopausal women with stage 1 hypertension. Circulation 2005; 112: 1979–1984
- Szekacs B, Vajo Z, Acs N, et al. Hormone replacement therapy reduces mean 24-hour blood pressure and its variability in postmenopausal women with treated hypertension. Menopause 2000; 7: 31–35