A research primer for studies of cognitive changes across the menopause transition

References

• Nebel RA, Aggarwal NT, Barnes LL, et al. Understanding the impact of sex and gender in Alzheimer’s disease: a call to action. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14(9):1171–1183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferretti MT, Iulita MF, Cavedo E, et al. Sex differences in Alzheimer disease – the gateway to precision medicine. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018;14(8):457–469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauvais-Jarvis F, Merz NB, Barnes PJ, et al. Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. Lancet. 2020;396(10250):565–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuh JL, Wang SJ, Lee SJ, et al. A longitudinal study of cognition change during early menopausal transition in a rural community. Maturitas. 2006;53(4):447–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epperson CN, Sammel MD, Freeman EW. Menopause effects on verbal memory: findings from a longitudinal community cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(9):3829–3838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greendale GA, Huang MH, Wight RG, et al. Effects of the menopause transition and hormone use on cognitive performance in midlife women. Neurology. 2009;72(21):1850–1857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilpi F, Soares ALG, Fraser A, et al. Changes in six domains of cognitive function with reproductive and chronological ageing and sex hormones: a longitudinal study in 2411 UK mid-life women. BMC Womens Health. 2020;20(1):177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki PM, Springer G, Anastos K, et al. Cognitive changes during the menopausal transition: a longitudinal study in women with and without HIV. Menopause. 2021. Epub ahead of print.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber MT, Rubin LH, Schroeder R, et al. Cognitive profiles in perimenopause: hormonal and menopausal symptom correlates. Climacteric. 2021;24(4):401–407.
   Google Scholar
• Kramer J, Delis D, Daniel M. Sex differences in verbal learning. J Clin Psychol. 1988;44(6):907–915.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarrey AC, An Y, Kitner-Triolo MH, et al. Sex differences in cognitive trajectories in clinically normal older adults. Psychol Aging. 2016;31(2):166–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissberger GH, Strong JV, Stefanidis KB, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of memory measures in Alzheimer’s dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev. 2017;27(4):354–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie K, Ritchie CW, Yaffe K, et al. Is late-onset Alzheimer’s disease really a disease of midlife? Alzheimers Dement (NY). 2015;1(2):122–130.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weber MT, Rubin LH, Maki PM. Cognition in perimenopause: the effect of transition stage. Menopause. 2013;20(5):511–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber M, Mapstone M. Memory complaints and memory performance in the menopausal transition. Menopause. 2009;16(4):694–700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manly JJ, Jacobs DM, Touradji P, Small SA, et al. Reading level attenuates differences in neuropsychological test performance between African American and White elders. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2002;8(3):341–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaff NG, Rubin LH, Crowther NJ, et al. Menopausal symptoms, menopausal stage and cognitive functioning in black urban African women. Climacteric. 2020;23(1):38–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harlow SD, Gass M, Hall JE, et al. Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(4):1159–1168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelstein JS, Lee H, Karlamangla A, et al. Antimullerian hormone and impending menopause in late reproductive age: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(4):e1862–e1871.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Sanders RJ. Risk of long-term hot flashes after natural menopause: evidence from the Penn Ovarian Aging Study cohort. Menopause. 2014;21(9):924–932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palacios S, Henderson V, Siseles N, et al. Age of menopause and impact of climacteric symptoms by geographical region. Climacteric. 2010;13(5):419–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgakis MK, Beskou-Kontou T, Theodoridis I, et al. Surgical menopause in association with cognitive function and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019;106:9–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocca WA, Bower JH, Maraganore DM, et al. Increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia in women who underwent oophorectomy before menopause. Neurology. 2007;69(11):1074–1083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phung TK, Waltoft BL, Laursen TM, et al. Hysterectomy, oophorectomy and risk of dementia: a nationwide historical cohort study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2010;30(1):43–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randolph JF, Jr, Zheng H, Sowers MR, et al. Change in follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol across the menopausal transition: effect of age at the final menstrual period. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(3):746–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tepper PG, Randolph JF Jr, McConnell DS, et al. Trajectory clustering of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone during the menopausal transition among women in the Study of Women’s Health across the Nation (SWAN). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(8):2872–2880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson VW, Popat RA. Effects of endogenous and exogenous estrogen exposures in midlife and late-life women on episodic memory and executive functions. Neuroscience. 2011;191:129–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherwin BB. Estrogen and/or androgen replacement therapy and cognitive functioning in surgically menopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1988;13(4):345–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold EB, Sternfeld B, Kelsey JL, et al. Relation of demographic and lifestyle factors to symptoms in a multi-racial/ethnic population of women 40–55 years of age. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;152(5):463–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki PM, Weber MT. Do Menopausal symptoms account for the declines in cognitive function during the menopausal transition? Sex steroids’ effects on brain, heart and vessels. Springer; 2019. p. 101–109.
   Google Scholar
• Maki PM, Kornstein SG, Joffe H, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of perimenopausal depression: summary and recommendations. Menopause. 2018;25(10):1069–1085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greendale GA, Wight RG, Huang MH, et al. Menopause-associated symptoms and cognitive performance: results from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(11):1214–1224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene JG. Constructing a standard climacteric scale. Maturitas. 1998;29(1):25–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potthoff P, Heinemann L, Schneider H, et al. Menopause-Rating Skala (MRS): Methodische standardisierung in der deutschen bevölkerung. Zentralbl Gynakol. 2000;122:280–286.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schneider H, Heinemann L, Rosemeier H-P, et al. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS): reliability of scores of menopausal complaints. Climacteric. 2000;3(1):59–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hilditch JR, Lewis J, Peter A, et al. A menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire: development and psychometric properties. Maturitas. 1996;24(3):161–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupperman HS, Blatt MH, Wiesbader H, et al. Comparative clinical evaluation of estrogenic preparations by the menopausal and amenorrheal indices. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1953;13(6):688–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter M. The Women’s Health Questionnaire (WHQ): the development, standardization and application of a measure of mid-aged women’s emotional and physical health. Qual Life Res. 2000;9(6suppl):733–738.
   Google Scholar
• Cogo-Moreira H, Jackowski AP, De Araújo TR, et al. Poor-fit indexes of Kupperman index: a psychometric analysis based on item response theory. Menopause. 2015;22(4):444–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki PM, Drogos LL, Rubin LH, et al. Objective hot flashes are negatively related to verbal memory performance in midlife women. Menopause. 2008;15(5):848–856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki PM, Rubin LH, Savarese A, et al. Stellate ganglion blockade and verbal memory in midlife women: evidence from a randomized trial. Maturitas. 2016;92:123–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki PM, Wu M, Rubin LH, et al. Hot flashes are associated with altered brain function during a memory task. Menopause. 2020;27(3):269–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson HE, Willison J. National adult reading test (NART). Windsor: NFER-Nelson; 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler D. Wechsler test of adult reading. San Antonio (TX): Psychological Corporation; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Drogos LL, Rubin LH, Geller SE, et al. Objective cognitive performance is related to subjective memory complaints in midlife women with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms. Menopause. 2013;20(12):1236–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaafsma M, Homewood J, Taylor A. Subjective cognitive complaints at menopause associated with declines in performance of verbal memory and attentional processes. Climacteric. 2010;13(1):84–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber MT, Mapstone M, Staskiewicz J, et al. Reconciling subjective memory complaints with objective memory performance in the menopausal transition. Menopause. 2012;19(7):735–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unkenstein AE, Bryant CA, Judd FK, et al. Understanding women’s experience of memory over the menopausal transition: subjective and objective memory in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2016;23(12):1319–1329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burmester B, Leathem J, Merrick P. Subjective cognitive complaints and objective cognitive function in aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent cross-sectional findings. Neuropsychol Rev. 2016;26(4):376–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crumley JJ, Stetler CA, Horhota M. Examining the relationship between subjective and objective memory performance in older adults: a meta-analysis. Psychol Aging. 2014;29(2):250–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid LM, Maclullich AM. Subjective memory complaints and cognitive impairment in older people. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2006;22(5-6):471–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowell SF, Green JS, Teachman BA, et al. Age does not matter: memory complaints are related to negative affect throughout adulthood. Aging Ment Health. 2016;20(12):1255–1263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devi G, Massimi S, Schultz S, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil for the treatment of menopause-related cognitive loss. Gender Med. 2007;4(4):352–358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwarz KA, Büchel C. Cognition and the placebo effect-dissociating subjective perception and actual performance. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0130492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troyer AK, Rich JB. Psychometric properties of a new metamemory questionnaire for older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2002;57(1):P19–P27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GE, Petersen RC, Ivnik RJ, et al. Subjective memory complaints, psychological distress, and longitudinal change in objective memory performance. Psychol Aging. 1996;11(2):272–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vega JN, Zurkovsky L, Albert K, et al. Altered brain connectivity in early postmenopausal women with subjective cognitive impairment. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conley AC, Albert KM, Boyd BD, et al. Cognitive complaints are associated with smaller right medial temporal gray-matter volume in younger postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2020;27(11):1220–1227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell ES, Woods NF. Cognitive symptoms during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause. Climacteric. 2011;14(2):252–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar