Antithrombocytopenic and immunomodulatory potential of metabolically characterized aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves

References

• Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Rahman M, Tajuddin TE, Verma R, Afzal M, Mehra PS. 2015. Quantitative analysis of bacoside A from Bacopa monnieri, collected from different geographic regions of India, by high-performance thin-layer chromatography–densitometry. J Planar Chromatogr. 28:287–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad N, Fazal H, Ayaz M, Abbasi BH, Mohammad I, Fazal L. 2011. Dengue fever treatment with Carica papaya leaves extract. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 1:330–333.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahmad W, Zaidi SMA, Ahmad S. 2014. Quality control analysis of Didymocarpous pedicellata R.Br. Indian J Tradit Know. 13:175–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aster RH, Bougie DW. 2007. Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 357:580–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). 2008. Volume VI Part 1, 1st ed. Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Department of Ayush, New Delhi.
   Google Scholar
• Azarkan M, El Moussaoui A, Van Wuytswinkel D, Dehon G, Looze Y. 2003. Fractionation and purification of the enzymes stored in the latex of Carica papaya. J Chromatogr B. 790:229–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhandari P, Kumar N, Gupta AP, Singh B, Kaul VK. 2006. Micro-LC determination of swertiamarin in Swertia species and bacoside-A in Bacopa monnieri. Chroma. 64:599–602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatt DC, Mitaliya KD, Pandya NA, Baxi US. 2001. Herbal therapy for jaundice. Adv PI Sci. 14:123–125.
   Google Scholar
• Bin-Hafeez B, Ahmad I, Haque R, Raisuddin S. 2001. Protective effect of Cassia occidentalis L. on cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of humoral immunity in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 75:13–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennison RD, Farrell K. 2015. The hematologic and immunologic system. In: Pass PCCN!. St. Louis (MI): Elsevier Health Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Dharmarathna SLCA, Wickramasinghe S, Waduge RN, Rajapakse RPVJ, Kularatne SAM. 2013. Does Carica papaya leaf-extract increase the platelet count? An experimental study in a murine model. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 3:720–724.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duke WW. 1910. The isolation of blood platelets to haemorrhagic disease description of a method for determining the bleeding time and coagulation time and report of three cases of hemorrhagic disease achieved by transfusion. JAMA. 55:l185–1192.
   Google Scholar
• Fu H, Chen B, Hong S, Guo Y. 2015. Acupuncture therapy for the treatment of myelosuppression after chemotherapy: A literature review over the past 10 years. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 8:122–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gokhale AB, Damre AS, Saraf MN. 2003. Investigations into the immunomodulatory activity of Argyreia speciosa. J Ethnopharmacol. 84:109–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurung S, Skalko-Basnet N. 2009. Wound healing properties of Carica papaya latex: in vivo evaluation in mice burn model. J Ethnopharmacol. 121:338–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haque MR, Ansari SH. 2014. Immunostimulatory effect of standardised alcoholic extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in murine model. Int J Green Pharm. 8:52–57.
   Google Scholar
• Hettige S. 2008. Salutary effects of Carica papaya leaf extract in dengue fever patients: a pilot study. Sri Lankan Fam Physician. 29:17–19.
   Google Scholar
• Imaga NA, Gbenle GO, Okochi VI, Adenekan S, Duro-Emmanuel T, Oyeniyi B, Dokai PN, Oyenuga M, Otumara A, Ekeh FC. 2010. Phytochemical and antioxidant nutrient constituents of Carica papaya and Parquetina nigrescens extracts. Sci Res Essays. 5:2201–2205.
   Google Scholar
• Izquierdo-Vega JA, Morales-González JA, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Sosa-Delgado SM, Sumaya-Martínez MT, Morales-González A, Paniagua-Pérez R, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Madrigal-Santillán E. 2017. Evidence of some natural products with antigenotoxic effects. Part 1: fruits and polysaccharides. Nutrients. 9:102–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li XC, Wu XT, Huang L. 2009. Correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of Radix Angelica sinensis (Danggui). Molecules. 14:5349–5361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maan R, de Knegt RJ, Veldt BJ. 2015. Management of thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease: focus on pharmacotherapeutic strategies. Drugs. 75:1981–1992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manu KA, Kuttan G. 2009. Immunomodulatory activities of punarnavine, an alkaloid from Boerhaavia diffusa. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 31:377–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra N, Gupta AP, Singh B, Kaul VK, Ahuja PS. 2005. A rapid determination of podophyllotoxin in Podophyllum hexandrum by reverse phase high performance thin layer chromatography. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol. 28:677–691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreau T, Evans AL, Vasquez L, Tijssen MR, Yan Y, Trotter MW, Howard D, Colzani M, Arumugam M, Wu WH, et al. 2016. Large-scale production of megakaryocytes from human pluripotent stem cells by chemically defined forward programming. Nat Comms. 7:1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagarathna PKM, Reena K, Reddy S, Wesley J. 2014. Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of the flavonoid of Kigelia africana. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 5:4359–4365.
   Google Scholar
• Otsuki O, Dang NH, Kumagai E, Kondo A, Iwata S, Morimoto C. 2010. Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulator effects. J Ethnopharmacol. 127:760–767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owoyele BV, Adebukola OM, Funmilayo AA, Soladoye AO. 2008. Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves. Inflammopharmacology. 16:168–173.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parveen R, Ahmad FJ, Iqbal Z, Singh M, Kamal YT, Ahmad S. 2014. Simultaneous estimation of anti-cancer terpenoids in pharmaceutical nanoformulation by RP-HPLC and HPTLC. Acta Chromatogr. 26:391–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bin-Hafeez B, Haque R, Parvez S, Pandey S, Sayeed I, Raisuddin S. 2003. Immunomodulatory effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 3:257–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajani M, Ravishankara MN, Shrivastava N, Padh H. 2001. HPTLC-aided phytochemical fingerprinting analysis as a tool for evaluation of herbal drugs. A case study of Ushaq (Ammoniacum gum). J Planar Chromatogr. 14:34–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsewak RS, Nair MG, Murugesan S, Mattson WJ, Zasada J. 2001. Insecticidal fatty acids and triglycerides from Dirca palustris. J Agric Food Chem. 49:5852–5856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reagan-Shaw S, Nihal M, Ahmad N. 2008. Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J. 22:659–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savant C, Kulkarni AR, Mannasaheb BA, Gajare R. 2014. Immunomostimulant phytoconstituents from Mangifera indica L. bark oil. J Phytopharmacol. 3:139–148.
   Google Scholar
• Seigler DS, Pauli GF, Nahrstedt A, Leen R. 2002. Cyanogenic allosides and glucosides from Passiflora edulis and Carica papaya. Phytochemistry. 60:873–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Rangari V. 2016. Immunomodulatory activity of methanol extract of Adansonia digitata L. Trop J Pharm Res. 15:1923–1927.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh M, Kamal YT, Parveen R, Ahmad S. 2011. Development and validation of a stability-indicating HPTLC method for analysis of arjunolic acid in a herbal formulation. J Planar Chromatogr. 24:172–175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh M, Khan MA, Ansari SH, Ahmad S. 2015. Quality assessment and evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential of Phyllanthus emblica. J Pharm Bioall Sci. 14:265–272.
   Google Scholar
• Singhai A, Juneja V, Abbas S, Jha RK. 2016. The effect of Carica papaya leaves extract capsules on platelets count and hematocrit levels in acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia patient. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 5:254–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasan S, Loganathan S, Wankhar W, Rathinasamy S, Rajan R. 2016. Stress effect on humoral and cell mediated immune response: indispensable part of corticosterone and cytokine in neutrophil function. Trials Vaccinol. 5:61–70.
   Google Scholar
• Subenthiran S, Choon TC, Cheong KC, Thayan R, Teck MB, Muniandy PK, Afzan A, Abdullah NR, Ismail Z. 2013. Carica papaya leaves juice significantly accelerates the rate of increase in platelet count among patients with dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 1:1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thatte UM, Chhabria SN, Karandikar SM, Dahanukar SA. 1987. Protective effects of Indian medical plants against cyclophosphamide neutropenia. J Postgrad Med. 33:185–188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tian T, Wang M, Ma D. 2014. TNF-α, a good or bad factor in hematological diseases? Stem Cell Investig. 1:12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tiwari SS, Pandey MM, Srivastava S, Rawat A. 2012. TLC densitometric quantification of picrosides (picroside-I and picroside-II) in Picrorhiza kurroa and its substitute Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora and their antioxidant studies. Biomed Chromatogr. 26:61–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuonga QV, Hiruna S, Roacha PD, Bowyera MC, Phillips PA, Scarlett CJ. 2013. Effect of extraction conditions on total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of Carica papaya leaf aqueous extracts. J Herb Med. 3:104–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). 1997. Dengue haemorrhagic fever: diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Yuk CM, Park HJ, Kwon BI, Lah SJ, Chang J, Kim JY, Lee KM, Park SU, Hong S, Lee SH. 2017. Basophil-derived IL-6 regulates TH17 cell differentiation and CD4 T cell immunity. Sci Rep. 7:41744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zunjar V, Dash RP, Jivrajani M, Trivedi B, Nivsarkar M. 2016. Antithrombocytopenic activity of carpaine and alkaloidal extract of Carica papaya Linn. leaves in busulfan induced thrombocytopenic Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 181:20–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar