Fermented dried Citrus unshiu peel extracts exert anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and improve skin moisturizing efficacy in immortalized human HaCaT keratinocytes

References

• Aderem A, Ulevitch RJ. 2000. Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response. Nature. 406:782–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armengot-Carbo M, Hernandez-Martin A, Torrelo A. 2015. The role of filaggrin in the skin barrier and disease development. Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas. 106:86–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown SJ, McLean WH. 2012. One remarkable molecule: filaggrin. J Investig Dermatol. 132:751–762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claria J. 2003. Cyclooxygenase-2 biology. Curr Pharm Design. 9:2177–2190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denlinger LC, Fisette PL, Garis KA, Kwon G, Vazquez-Torres A, Simon AD, Nguyen B, Proctor RA, Bertics PJ, Corbett JA. 1996. Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by macrophage purinoreceptors and calcium. J Biol Chem. 271:337–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draelos ZD. 2012. New treatments for restoring impaired epidermal barrier permeability: skin barrier repair creams. Clin Dermatol. 30:345–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eom SY, Chung CB, Kim YS, Kim JH, Kim KS, Kim YH, Park SH, Hwang YI, Kim KH. 2006. Cosmeceutical properties of polysaccharides from the root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. J Cosmetic Sci. 57:355–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glauser MP. 1996. The inflammatory cytokines. New developments in the pathophysiology and treatment of septic shock. Drugs. 52(Suppl 2):9–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamanaka S, Hara M, Nishio H, Otsuka F, Suzuki A, Uchida Y. 2002. Human epidermal glucosylceramides are major precursors of Stratum corneum ceramides. J Investig Dermatol. 119:416–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanada K. 2003. Serine palmitoyltransferase, a key enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1632:16–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins RW, Canals D, Hannun YA. 2009. Roles and regulation of secretory and lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase. Cell Signal. 2:836–846.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kezic S, Kammeyer A, Calkoen F, Fluhr JW, Bos JD. 2009. Natural moisturizing factor components in the Stratum corneum as biomarkers of filaggrin genotype: evaluation of minimally invasive methods. Br J Dermatol. 161:1098–1104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim KH, Chung CB, Kim YH, Kim KS, Han CS, Kim CH. 2005. Cosmeceutical properties of levan produced by Zymomonas mobilis. J Cosmetic Sci. 56:395–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen GL, Henson PM. 1983. Mediators of inflammation. Ann Rev Immunol. 1:335–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence T, Willoughby DA, Gilroy DW. 2002. Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and insights into the resolution of inflammation. Nat Rev. 2:787–795.
   Google Scholar
• Levy M, Futerman AH. 2010. Mammalian ceramide synthases. IUBMB Life. 62:347–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannel DN, Echtenacher B. 2000. TNF in the inflammatory response. Chem Immunol. 74:141–161.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marcus JS, Karackattu SL, Fleegal MA, Sumners C. 2003. Cytokine-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in astroglia: role of Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-kappaB. Glia. 41:152–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masukawa Y, Narita H, Shimizu E, Kondo N, Sugai Y, Oba T, Homma R, Ishikawa J, Takagi Y, Kitahara T, et al. 2008. Characterization of overall ceramide species in human stratum corneum. J Lipid Res. 49:1466–1476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAleer MA, Irvine AD. 2013. The multifunctional role of filaggrin in allergic skin disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 131:280–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meric JB, Rottey S, Olaussen K, Soria JC, Khayat D, Rixe O, Spano JP. 2006. Cyclooxygenase-2 as a target for anticancer drug development. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 59:51–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min KY, Kim HJ, Lee KA, Kim KT, Paik HD. 2014. Antimicrobial activity of acid-hydrolyzed Citrus unshiu peel extract in milk. J Dairy Sci. 97:1955–1960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathan C, Xie QW. 1994. Nitric oxide synthases: roles, tolls, and controls. Cell. 78:915–918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Regan GM, Sandilands A, McLean WH, Irvine AD. 2009. Filaggrin in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 124:R2–R6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Regan GM, Sandilands A, McLean WHI, Irvine AD. 2008. Filaggrin in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 122:689–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh YC, Cho WK, Jeong YH, Im GY, Yang MC, Hwang YH, Ma JY. 2012. Anti-inflammatory effect of Citrus unshiu peel in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Am J Chinese Med. 40:611–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohshima H, Bartsch H. 1994. Chronic infections and inflammatory processes as cancer risk factors: possible role of nitric oxide in carcinogenesis. Mutation Res. 305:253–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osawa R, Akiyama M, Shimizu H. 2011. Filaggrin gene defects and the risk of developing allergic disorders. Allergol Int. 60:1–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pan MH, Chang YH, Tsai ML, Lai CS, Ho SY, Badmaev V, Ho CT. 2008. Pterostilbene suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced up-expression of iNOS and COX-2 in murine macrophages. J Agr Food Chem. 56:7502–7509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan MH, Ho CT. 2008. Chemopreventive effects of natural dietary compounds on cancer development. Chem Soc Rev. 37:2558–2574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan MH, Lai CS, Dushenkov S, Ho CT. 2009. Modulation of inflammatory genes by natural dietary bioactive compounds. J Agr Food Chem. 57:4467–4477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park HJ, Jung UJ, Cho SJ, Jung HK, Shim S, Choi MS. 2013. Citrus unshiu peel extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis by altering inflammation and hepatic glucose- and lipid-regulating enzymes in db/db mice. J Nutr Biochem. 24:419–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park HR, Park SB, Hong HD, Suh HJ, Shin KS. 2017. Structural elucidation of anti-metastatic rhamnogalacturonan II from the pectinase digest of citrus peels (Citrus unshiu). Int J Biol Macromol. 94:161–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posadas I, Terencio MC, Guillen I, Ferrandiz ML, Coloma J, Paya M, Alcaraz MJ. 2000. Co-regulation between cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the time-course of murine inflammation. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol. 361:98–106.
   Google Scholar
• Rockey DC, Chung JJ, McKee CM, Noble PW. 1998. Stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat liver by hyaluronan fragments. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 27:86–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saluk-Juszczak J, Wachowicz B. 2005. [The proinflammatory activity of lipopolysaccharide]. Postepy Biochem. 51:280–287.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandilands A, Sutherland C, Irvine AD, McLean WH. 2009. Filaggrin in the frontline: role in skin barrier function and disease. J Cell Sci. 122:1285–1294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrader LI, Kinzenbaw DA, Johnson AW, Faraci FM, Didion SP. 2007. IL-6 deficiency protects against angiotensin II induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertrophy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 27:2576–2581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen X, Guo M, Yu H, Liu D, Lu Z, Lu Y. 2018. Propionibacterium acnes related anti-inflammation and skin hydration activities of madecassoside, a pentacyclic triterpene saponin from Centella asiatica. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 83, 561–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sica A, Allavena P, Mantovani A. 2008. Cancer related inflammation: the macrophage connection. Cancer Lett. 267:204–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spilioti E, Vargiami M, Letsiou S, Gardikis K, Sygouni V, Koutsoukos P, Chinou I, Kassi E, Moutsatsou P. 2017. Biological properties of mud extracts derived from various spa resorts. Environ Geochem Healthgeochem. 39:821–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinert PM, Cantieri JS, Teller DC, Lonsdale-Eccles JD, Dale BA. 1981. Characterization of a class of cationic proteins that specifically interact with intermediate filaments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 78:4097–4101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki M, Sasaki K, Yoshizaki F, Oguchi K, Fujisawa M, Cyong JC. 2005. Anti-hepatitis C virus effect of Citrus unshiu peel and its active ingredient nobiletin. Am J Chinese Med. 33:87–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tafesse FG, Ternes P, Holthuis JC. 2006. The multigenic sphingomyelin synthase family. J Biol Chem. 281:29421–29425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takagi Y, Kriehuber E, Imokawa G, Elias PM, Holleran WM. 1999. Beta-glucocerebrosidase activity in mammalian stratum corneum. J Lipid Res. 40:861–869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeda K, Akira S. 2005. Toll-like receptors in innate immunity. Int Immunol. 17:1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeda S, Shimoda H, Takarada T, Imokawa G. 2018. Strawberry seed extract and its major component, tiliroside, promote ceramide synthesis in the stratum corneum of human epidermal equivalents. PLoS One. 13:e0205061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisz A, Cicatiello L, Esumi H. 1996. Regulation of the mouse inducible-type nitric oxide synthase gene promoter by interferon-gamma, bacterial lipopolysaccharide and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Biochem J. 316:209–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar