3,486
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Gender differences in cardiovascular risk, treatment, and outcomes: a post hoc analysis from the REWIND trial

ORCID Icon, , , , , , , , & show all
Article: 2166101 | Received 13 Jul 2022, Accepted 04 Jan 2023, Published online: 01 Feb 2023

References

  • Nichols M, Townsend N, Scarborough P, et al. Cardiovascular disease in Europe 2014: epidemiological update. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(42):2950–2959.
  • Wright AK, Kontopantelis E, Emsley R, et al. Cardiovascular risk and risk factor management in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2019;139(24):2742–2753.
  • Peters SA, Huxley RR, Woodward M. Diabetes as risk factor for incident coronary heart disease in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 cohorts including 858,507 individuals and 28,203 coronary events. Diabetologia. 2014;57(8):1542–1551.
  • Huxley R, Barzi F, Woodward M. Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2006;332(7533):73–78.
  • Prospective Studies Collaboration and Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Sex-specific relevance of diabetes to occlusive vascular and other mortality: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual data from 980 793 adults from 68 prospective studies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6:538–546.
  • Cangemi R, Romiti GF, Campolongo G, et al. Gender related differences in treatment and response to statins in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention: the never-ending debate. Pharmacol Res. 2017;117:148–155.
  • Kulenovic I, Mortensen MB, Bertelsen J, et al. Statin use prior to first myocardial infarction in contemporary patients: inefficient and not gender equitable. Prev Med. 2016;83:63–69.
  • Ji H, Kim A, Ebinger JE, et al. S. Sex differences in blood pressure trajectories over the life course. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(3):19–26.
  • Regitz-Zagrosek V, Kararigas G. Mechanistic pathways of sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Physiol Rev. 2017;97(1):1–37.
  • Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10193):121–130.
  • Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, et al. Design and baseline characteristics of participants in the researching cardiovascular events with a weekly INcretin in diabetes (REWIND) trial on the cardiovascular effects of dulaglutide. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(1):42–49.
  • SAS®/STAT user’s guide: high performance procedures; 2018 [accessed 2021 Feb 15]. Available from: https://documentation.sas.com/?cdcId=pgmsascdc&cdcVersion=9.4_3.4&docsetId=stathpug&docsetTarget=stathpug_introcom_stat_sect032.htm&locale=en
  • Hambraeus K, Tydén P, Lindahl B. Time trends and gender differences in prevention guideline adherence and outcome after myocardial infarction: data from the SWEDEHEART registry. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(4):340–348.
  • Gouni-Berthold I, Berthold HK, Mantzoros CS, et al. Sex disparities in the treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(7):1389–1391.
  • Sekerija M, Poljicanin T, Erjavec K, et al. Gender differences in the control of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes -a cross-sectional study. Intern Med. 2012;51(2):161–166.
  • 9. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:s86–s104.
  • Davies MJ, D’Alessio DA, Fradkin J, et al. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2018;41(12):2669–2701.
  • Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL Jr, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: executive summary. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):3168–3209.
  • Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(19):2273–2275.
  • Bethel MA, Green JB, Milton J, et al. Age and sex differences in baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the trial evaluating cardiovascular outcomes with sitagliptin (TECOS). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015;17(4):395–402.
  • Clemens KK, Woodward M, Neal B, et al. Sex disparities in cardiovascular outcome trials of populations with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(5):1157–1163.
  • Peters SAE, Woodward M. Sex differences in the burden and complications of diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(6):33.
  • Peters SA, Huxley RR, Woodward M. Diabetes as a risk factor for stroke in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 cohorts, including 775,385 individuals and 12,539 strokes. Lancet. 2014;383(9933):1973–1980.
  • Bushnell C, McCullough LD, Awad IA, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014;45(5):1545–1588.
  • Peters SAE, Colantonio LD, Chen L, et al. Sex differences in incident and recurrent coronary events and all-cause mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(15):1751–1760.