Systematic review and meta-analysis for 2017 clinical practice guidelines of the Japan research committee of the ministry of health, labour, and welfare for intractable vasculitis for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis

References

• Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Basu N, Cid MC, Ferrario F. 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(1):1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008;336(7650):924–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Groot K, Adu D, Savage CO. The value of pulse cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated vasculitis: meta-analysis and critical review. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001;16(10):2018–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch X, Guilabert A, Espinosa G, Mirapeix E. Treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis: a systematic review. JAMA 2007;298(6):655–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukhtyar C, Flossmann O, Hellmich B, Bacon P, Cid M, Cohen-Tervaert JW, et al. Outcomes from studies of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis: a systematic review by the European League Against Rheumatism systemic vasculitis task force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(7):1004–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortin PM, Tejani AM, Bassett K, Musini VM. Intravenous immunoglobulin as adjuvant therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(1):CD007057. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007057.pub3.
   Google Scholar
• Hazlewood GS, Metzler C, Tomlinson GA, Gross WL, Feldman BM, Guillevin L, et al. Non-biologic remission maintenance therapy in adult patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine. 2014;81(4):337–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harigai M, Nagasaka K, Amano K, Bando K, Dobashi H, Kawakami T, et al. Clinical practice guidelines of the Japan Research Committee for Intractable Vasculitis Syndrome of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Mod Rheumatol. 2018;1–29. doi: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1500437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins JP, Altman DG, Sterne JA. Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 5.1.0. London: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Kim SY, Park JE, Lee YJ, Seo HJ, Sheen SS, Hahn S, et al. Testing a tool for assessing the risk of bias for nonrandomized studies showed moderate reliability and promising validity. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66(4):408–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, Alonso-Coello P, Rind D, et al. GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence–imprecision. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(12):1283–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahira S. Comparison of treatment with corticosteroid alone vs corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide in combination in patients with MPO-ANCA positive necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis during 5 Years follow-up. J Saitama Med Univ. 2002;29:221–8.
   Google Scholar
• Nakaya I, Yahata M, Takahashi S, Sasajima T, Sakuma T, Shibagaki Y, et al. Long-term outcome and efficacy of cyclophosphamide therapy in Japanese patients with ANCA-associated microscopic polyangiitis: a retrospective Study. Intern Med. 2013;52(22):2503–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nachman PH, Hogan SL, Jennette JC, Falk RJ. Treatment response and relapse in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated microscopic polyangiitis and glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996;7:33–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radhakrishnan J, Cattran DC. The KDIGO practice guideline on glomerulonephritis: reading between the (guide)lines – application to the individual patient. Kidney Int. 2012;82(8):840–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Groot K, Harper L, Jayne DR, Flores Suarez LF, Gregorini G, Gross WL, et al. Pulse versus daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(10):670–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillevin L, Cordier JF, Lhote F, Cohen P, Jarrousse B, Royer I, et al. A prospective, multicenter, randomized trial comparing steroids and pulse cyclophosphamide versus steroids and oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of generalized Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40(12):2187–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haubitz M, Schellong S, Gobel U, Schurek HJ, Schaumann D, Koch KM, et al. Intravenous pulse administration of cyclophosphamide versus daily oral treatment in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and renal involvement: a prospective, randomized study. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41(10):1835–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harper L, Morgan MD, Walsh M, Hoglund P, Westman K, Flossmann O, et al. Pulse versus daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in ANCA-associated vasculitis: long-term follow-up. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(6):955–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RB, Tervaert JW, Hauser T, Luqmani R, Morgan MD, Peh CA, et al. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(3):211–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RB, Furuta S, Tervaert JW, Hauser T, Luqmani R, Morgan MD, et al. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis: 2-year results of a randomised trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):1178–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, Seo P, Langford CA, Hoffman GS, et al. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(3):221–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Specks U, Merkel PA, Seo P, Spiera R, Langford CA, Hoffman GS, et al. Efficacy of remission-induction regimens for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(5):417–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Groot K, Rasmussen N, Bacon PA, Tervaert JW, Feighery C, Gregorini G, et al. Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide versus methotrexate for induction of remission in early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(8):2461–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han F, Liu G, Zhang X, Li X, He Q, He X, et al. Effects of mycophenolate mofetil combined with corticosteroids for induction therapy of microscopic polyangiitis. Am J Nephrol. 2011;33(2):185–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu W, Liu C, Xie H, Chen H, Liu Z, Li L. Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for inducing remission of ANCA vasculitis with moderate renal involvement. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23(4):1307–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayne DR, Gaskin G, Rasmussen N, Abramowicz D, Ferrario F, Guillevin L, et al. Randomized trial of plasma exchange or high-dosage methylprednisolone as adjunctive therapy for severe renal vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18(7):2180–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh M, Casian A, Flossmann O, Westman K, Hoglund P, Pusey C, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with severe ANCA-associated vasculitis comparing plasma exchange to intravenous methylprednisolone treatment is unclear. Kidney Int. 2013;84(2):397–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szpirt WM, Heaf JG, Petersen J. Plasma exchange for induction and cyclosporine A for maintenance of remission in Wegener's granulomatosis–a clinical randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(1):206–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zauner I, Bach D, Braun N, Kramer BK, Funfstuck R, Helmchen U, et al. Predictive value of initial histology and effect of plasmapheresis on long-term prognosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(1):28–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frasca GM, Soverini ML, Falaschini A, Tampieri E, Vangelista A, Stefoni S. Plasma exchange treatment improves prognosis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis: a case-control study in 26 patients from a single center. Ther Apher Dial. 2003;7(6):540–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregersen JW, Kristensen T, Krag SR, Birn H, Ivarsen P. Early plasma exchange improves outcome in PR3-ANCA-positive renal vasculitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;30(1 Suppl 70):S39–S47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayne D, Rasmussen N, Andrassy K, Bacon P, Tervaert JW, Dadoniene J, et al. A randomized trial of maintenance therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(1):36–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slot MC, Tervaert JW, Boomsma MM, Stegeman CA. Positive classic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA) titer at switch to azathioprine therapy associated with relapse in proteinase 3-related vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51(2): 269–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Karras A, Khouatra C, Aumaitre O, Cohen P, et al. Rituximab versus azathioprine for maintenance in ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(19):1771–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Hamidou MA, Boffa JJ, Ruivard M, Ducroix JP, et al. Azathioprine or methotrexate maintenance for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(26):2790–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiemstra TF, Walsh M, Mahr A, Savage CO, de Groot K, Harper L, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil vs azathioprine for remission maintenance in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010;304(21):2381–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimoto S, Watts RA, Kobayashi S, Suzuki K, Jayne DR, Scott DG, et al. Comparison of the epidemiology of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis between Japan and the U.K. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50(10):1916–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sada KE, Yamamura M, Harigai M, Fujii T, Takasaki Y, Amano K, et al. Different responses to treatment across classified diseases and severities in Japanese patients with microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a nationwide prospective inception cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17(1):305.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strand V, Kremer J, Wallenstein G, Kanik KS, Connell C, Gruben D, et al. Effects of tofacitinib monotherapy on patient-reported outcomes in a randomized phase 3 study of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate responses to DMARDs. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17(1):307.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Puhan MA, Schunemann HJ, Murad MH, Li T, Brignardello-Petersen R, Singh JA, et al. A GRADE Working Group approach for rating the quality of treatment effect estimates from network meta-analysis. BMJ 2014;349(sep24 5):g5630.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar