High plasma mycophenolate acid concentration in the early phase of induction therapy predicts good renal outcome in lupus nephritis

References

• Feldman CH, Hiraki LT, Liu J, Fischer MA, Solomon DH, Alarcon GS. Epidemiology and sociodemographics of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis among US adults with Medicaid coverage, 2000–2004. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(3):753–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bertsias GK, Tektonidou M, Amoura Z, Aringer M, Bajema I, Berden JH. Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(11):1771–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn BH, McMahon MA, Wilkinson A, Wallace WD, Daikh DI, Fitzgerald JD. American College of Rheumatology guidelines for screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(6):797–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuypers DR, Le Meur Y, Cantarovich M, Tredger MJ, Tett SE, Cattaneo D, et al. Transplantation Society (TTS) Consensus Group on TDM of MPA. Consensus report on therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid in solid organ transplantation. CJASN. 2010;5(2):341–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lertdumrongluk P, Somparn P, Kittanamongkolchai W, Traitanon O, Vadcharavivad S, Avihingsanon Y. Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in severe lupus nephritis. Kidney Int. 2010;78(4):389–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanaoka H, Yamada H, Kiyokawa T, Iida H, Suzuki T, Yamasaki Y, et al. Lack of partial renal response by 12 weeks after induction therapy predicts poor renal response and systemic damage accrual in lupus nephritis class III or IV. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19(1):4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cattaneo D, Perico N, Gaspari F, Gotti E, Remuzzi G. Glucocorticoids interfere with mycophenolate mofetil bioavailability in kidney transplantation. Kidney Int. 2002;62(3):1060–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atcheson BA, Taylor PJ, Kirkpatrick CM, Duffull SB, Mudge DW, Pillans PI, et al. Free mycophenolic acid should be monitored in renal transplant recipients with hypoalbuminemia. Ther Drug Monit. 2004;26(3):284–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Hest RM, Mathot RAA, Pescovitz MD, Gordon R, Mamelok RD, van Gelder T. Explaining variability in mycophenolic acid exposure to optimize mycophenolate mofetil dosing: a population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients. JASN. 2006;17(3):871–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40(9):1725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mignat C. Clinically significant drug interactions with new immunosuppressive agents. Drug Saf. 1997;16(4):267–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grinyo JM, Ekberg H, Mamelok RD, Oppenheimer F, Sanchez-Plumed J, Gentil MA. The pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients receiving standard-dose or low-dose cyclosporine, low-dose tacrolimus or low-dose sirolimus: the Symphony pharmacokinetic substudy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24:2269–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smak Gregoor PJ, van Gelder T, Hesse CJ, van der Mast BJ, van Besouw NM, Weimar W. Mycophenolic acid plasma concentrations in kidney allograft recipients with or without cyclosporin: a cross-sectional study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999;14(3):706–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullingham R, Shah J, Goldblum R, Schiff M. Effects of food and antacid on the pharmacokinetics of single doses of mycophenolate mofetil in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;41(6):513–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuypers DR, Verleden G, Naesens M, Vanrenterghem Y. Drug interaction between mycophenolate mofetil and rifampin: possible induction of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005;78(1):81–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisoni CN, D'Cruz DP. The safety of mycophenolate mofetil in pregnancy. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2008;7(3):219–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miura M, Satoh S, Inoue K, Kagaya H, Saito M, Suzuki T, Habuchi T. Influence of lansoprazole and rabeprazole on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics one year after renal transplantation. Ther Drug Monit. 2008;30(1):46–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weening JJ, D’Agati VD, Schwartz MM, Seshan SV, Alpers CE, Appel GB. The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15(2):241–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin HA, Boumpas DT, Vaughan EM, Balow JE. Predicting renal outcomes in severe lupus nephritis: contributions of clinical and histologic data. Kidney Int. 1994;45(2):544–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ad Hoc Working Group on Steroid-Sparing Criteria in Lupus. Criteria for steroid-sparing ability of interventions in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of a consensus meeting. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:3427–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bombardier C, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, Caron D, Chang CH, Austin A, et al. Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. The Committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE. Arthritis Rheum. 1992;35(6):630–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahr N, Amoura Z, Debord J, Hulot JS, Saint-Marcoux F, Marquet P, et al. Pharmacokinetic study of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and design of Bayesian estimator using limited sampling strategies. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2008;47(4):277–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahr N, Arnaud L, Marquet P, Haroche J, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Hulot JS, et al. Mycophenolic acid area under the curve correlates with disease activity in lupus patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(7):2047–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moc CC. Prognostic factors in lupus nephritis. Lupus. 2005;14:39–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine DM. Dialogue: early predictors of long-term lupus nephritis outcomes: looking into the future. Lupus Sci Med. 2015;2(1):e000096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann I, Fuhrmann H, Fang IF, Jaeger A, Bayer P, Kovarik J. Association between mycophenolic acid 12-h trough levels and clinical endpoints in patients with autoimmune disease on mycophenolate mofetil. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23(11):3514–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kittanamongkolchai W, Rukrung C, Supasiri T, Lertjirachai I, Somparn P, Chariyavilaskul P, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of severely active lupus nephritis. Lupus. 2013;22(7):727–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daleboudt GM, Reinders ME, den Hartigh J, Huizinga TW, Rabelink AJ, de Fijter JW, et al. Concentration-controlled treatment of lupus nephritis with mycophenolate mofetil. Lupus. 2013;22(2):171–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander S, Fleming DH, Mathew BS, Varughese S, Jeyaseelan V, Tamilarasi V, et al. Pharmacokinetics of concentration-controlled mycophenolate mofetil in proliferative lupus nephritis: an observational cohort study. Ther Drug Monit. 2014;36(4):423–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zabotti A, Baraldo M, Quartuccio L, Sacco S, De Marchi G, De Vita S. Optimizing the dose of mycophenolate mofetil for the maintenance treatment of lupus nephritis by therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34(1):171–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Vollenhoven RF, Mosca M, Bertsias G, Isenberg D, Kuhn A, Lerstrom K, et al. Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: recommendations from an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(6):958–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanaoka H, Kaneko Y, Kuwana M, Takeuchi T. Early achievement of complete renal response predicts good long-term renal outcome and low systemic damage in newly diagnosed lupus nephritis class III or IV. Mod Rheumatol. 2015;25(5):714–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanaoka H, Iida H, Kiyokawa T, Takakuwa Y, Kawahata K. Early achievement of deep remission predicts low incidence of renal flare in lupus nephritis class III or IV. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20(1):86.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dall’Era M, Levesque V, Solomons N, Truman M, Wofsy D. Identification of clinical and serological factors during induction treatment of lupus nephritis that are associated with renal outcome. Lupus Sci Med. 2015;2:e000089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsuno T, Ozaki T, Ozeki T, Hachiya A, Kim H, Kano N, et al. Investigation on the benefits of mycophenolate mofetil and therapeutic drug monitoring in the treatment of Japanese patients with lupus nephritis. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2018;22(6):1341–1350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourafshar N, Karimi A, Wen X, Sobel E, Pourafshar S, Agrawal N, et al. The utility of trough mycophenolic acid levels for the management of lupus nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019;34(1):83–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar