The efficacy and safety of reduced-dose sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for chemoprophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with rheumatic diseases

References

• Thomas CF, Jr., Limper AH. Pneumocystis pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(24):2487–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas CF, Jr., Limper AH. Current insights into the biology and pathogenesis of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5(4):298–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Huang XM, Fang WG, Zeng XJ. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue disease. J Clin Rheumatol. 2006;12(3):114–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phair J, Muñoz A, Detels R, Kaslow R, Rinaldo C, Saah A. The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(3):161–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goto N, Oka S. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in kidney transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis. 2011;13(6):551–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liam CK, Wang F. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1992;1(6):379–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward MM, Donald F. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases: the role of hospital experience in diagnosis and mortality. Arthritis Rheum.1999;42(4):780–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lertnawapan R, Totemchokchyakarn K, Nantiruj K, Janwityanujit S. Risk factors of Pneumocystis jeroveci pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int. 2009;29(5):491–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kermani TA, Ytterberg SR, Warrington KJ. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in giant cell arteritis: a case series. Arthritis Care Res. 2011;63(5):761–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roux A, Gonzalez F, Roux M, Mehrad M, Menotti J, Zahar JR, et al. Update on pulmonary Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in non-HIV patients. Med Mal Infect. 2014;44(5):185–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa J, Harigai M, Nagasaka K, Nakamura T, Miyasaka N. Prediction of and prophylaxis against Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases undergoing medium- or high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Mod Rheumatol. 2005;15(2):91–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vananuvat P, Suwannalai P, Sungkanuparph S, Limsuwan T, Ngamjanyaporn P, Janwityanujit S. Primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011;41(3):497–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischl MA, Dickinson GM, La Voie L. Safety and efficacy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS. Jama 1988;259(8):1185–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy WD, Feinberg J, Finkelstein DM, Power ME, He W, Kaczka C, et al. A controlled trial of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or aerosolized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 021. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(26):1842–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider MME, Nielsen TL, Nelsing S, Hoepelman AIM, Schattenkerk JKME, van der Graaf Y, et al. Efficacy and toxicity of two doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Dutch AIDS Treatment Group. J Infect Dis.1995;171(6):1632–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern A, Green H, Paul M, Vidal L, Leibovici L. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(10):Cd005590.
   Google Scholar
• Park JW, Curtis JR, Moon J, Song YW, Kim S, Lee EB. Prophylactic effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with rheumatic diseases exposed to prolonged high-dose glucocorticoids. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(5):644–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitazawa T, Seo K, Yoshino Y, Asako K, Kikuchi H, Kono H, et al. Efficacies of atovaquone, pentamidine, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases. J Infect Chemother. 2019;25(5):351–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes W, Leoung G, Kramer F, Bozzette SA, Safrin S, Frame P, et al. Comparison of atovaquone (566C80) with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(21):1521–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnock AC, Rimland D. Comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, and pentamidine in the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Pharmacotherapy. 1996;16(6):1030–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takenaka K, Komiya Y, Ota M, Yamazaki H, Nagasaka K. A dose-escalation regimen of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is tolerable for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in rheumatic diseases. Mod Rheumatol. 2013;23(4):752–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utsunomiya M, Dobashi H, Odani T, Saito K, Yokogawa N, Nagasaka K, et al. Optimal regimens of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for chemoprophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases: results from a non-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19(1):7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hughes WT, LaFon SW, Scott JD, Masur H. Adverse events associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and atovaquone during the treatment of AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. J Infect Dis. 1995;171(5):1295–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad GVR, Beckley J, Mathur M, Gunasekaran M, Nash MM, Rapi L, et al. Safety and efficacy of prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia involving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole dose reduction in kidney transplantation. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):311.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mitsides N, Greenan K, Green D, Middleton R, Lamerton E, Allen J, et al. Complications and outcomes of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole as chemoprophylaxis for pneumocystis pneumonia in renal transplant recipients. Nephrology. 2014;19(3):157–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JW, Curtis JR, Kim MJ, Lee H, Song YW, Lee EB. Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with rheumatic diseases receiving prolonged, non-high-dose steroids-clinical implication of primary prophylaxis using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar