How do laboratory embryo transfer techniques affect IVF outcomes? A review of current literature

References

• Abou-Setta, A.M. (2007). Air fluid versus fluid-only models of embryo catheter loading: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 14, 80–84. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1472-6483(10)60767-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abou-Setta, A.M., Al-Inany, H.G., Mansour, R.T., Serour, G.I., & Aboulghar, M.A. (2005). Soft versus firm embryo transfer catheters for assisted reproduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction, 20, 3114–3121. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dei198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abou-Setta, A.M., Peters, L.R., D'angelo, A., Sallam, H.N., Hart, R.J., & Al-Inany, H.G. (2014). Post-embryo transfer interventions for assisted reproduction technology cycles. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 8, CD006567. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006567.pub2.
   Google Scholar
• Afify, A.M., Craig, S., & Paulino, A.F. (2006). Temporal variation in the distribution of hyaluronic acid, CD44s, and CD44v6 in the human endometrium across the menstrual cycle. Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology, 14, 328–333. Retrieved from: http://journals.lww.com/appliedimmunohist/Abstract/2006/09000/Temporal_Variation_in_the_Distribution_of.12.aspxhttps://doi.org/10.1097/00129039-200609000-00012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alikani, M., Go, K.J., McCaffrey, C., & McCulloh, D.H. (2014). Comprehensive evaluation of contemporary assisted reproduction technology laboratory operations to determine staffing levels that promote patient safety and quality care. Fertility and Sterility, 102, 1350–1356. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alpha Scientists in Reproductive Medicine. (2012). The Alpha consensus meeting on cryopreservation key performance indicators and benchmarks: Proceedings of an expert meeting. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 25, 146–167. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.05.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alpha Scientists in Reproductive Medicine and ESHRE Special Interest Group of Embryology. (2011). The Istanbul consensus workshop on embryo assessment: Proceedings of an expert meeting. Human Reproduction, 26, 1270–1283. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/der037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvero, R., Hearns-Stokes, R.M., Catherino, W.H., Leondires, M.P., & Segars, J.H. (2003). The presence of blood in the transfer catheter negatively influences outcome at embryo transfer. Human Reproduction, 18, 1848–1852. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deg359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASRM. (2014). Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Practice Committee of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, Practice Committee of the Society of Reproductive Biologists and Technologists. Recommended practices for the management of embryology, andrology, and endocrinology laboratories: a committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility, 102, 960–963. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Hava, I., Krissi, H., Ashkenazi, J., Orvieto, R., Shelef, M., & Ben-Rafael, Z. (1999). Fibrin glue improves pregnancy rates in women of advanced reproductive age and in patients in whom in vitro fertilization attempts repeatedly fail. Fertility and Sterility, 71, 821–824. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00066-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batcheller, A., Cardozo, E., Maguire, M., Decherney, A.H., & Segars, J.H. (2011). Are there subtle genome-wide epigenetic alterations in normal offspring conceived by assisted reproductive technologies? Fertility and Sterility, 96, 1306–1311. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggers, J.D., & Summers, M.C. (2008). Choosing a culture medium: Making informed choices. Fertility and Sterility, 90, 473–483. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake, D.A., Farquhar, C.M., Johnson, N., & Proctor, M. (2007). Cleavage stage versus blastocyst stage embryo transfer in assisted conception. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 2007, CD002118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002118.pub3.
   Google Scholar
• Bontekoe, S., Blake, D., Heineman, M.J., Williams, E.C., & Johnson, N. (2010). Adherence compounds in embryo transfer media for assisted reproductive technologies. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 2010, CD007421. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007421.pub2.
   Google Scholar
• Bontekoe, S., Heineman, M.J., Johnson, N., & Blake, D. (2014). Adherence compounds in embryo transfer media for assisted reproductive technologies. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 2014, CD007421. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007421.pub3.
   Google Scholar
• Buckett, W.M. (2006). A review and meta-analysis of prospective trials comparing different catheters used for embryo transfer. Fertility and Sterility, 85, 728–734. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.08.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, S.U., Lien, Y.R., Chao, K.H., Ho, H.N., Yang, Y.S., & Lee, T.Y. (2003). Effects of cryopreservation on meiotic spindles of oocytes and its dynamics after thawing: Clinical implications in oocyte freezing–a review article. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 202, 101–107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-7207(03)00070-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, I., Dasari, A., Kim, N.H., & Campbell, K.H. (2015). Effects of prolonged exposure of mouse embryos to elevated temperatures on embryonic developmental competence. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 31, 171–179. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.04.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christianson, M.S., Zhao, Y., Shoham, G., Granot, I., Safran, A., Khafagy, A., … Shoham, Z. (2014). Embryo catheter loading and embryo culture techniques: Results of a worldwide Web-based survey. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 31, 1029–1036. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-014-0250-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission of the European Parliament. (2006). Commission Directive 2006/86/EC of 24 October 2006 implementing Directive 2004/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards traceability requirements, notification of serious adverse reactions and events and certain technical requirements for the coding, processing, preservation, storage and distribution of human tissues and cells. Retrieved from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:294:0032:0050:EN:PDF.
   Google Scholar
• Dal Canto, M., Coticchio, G., Mignini Renzini, M., De Ponti, E., Novara, P.V., Brambillasca, F., … Fadini, R. (2012). Cleavage kinetics analysis of human embryos predicts development to blastocyst and implantation. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 25, 474–480. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.07.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danadova, J., Matijescukova, N., Danylevska, A.M., & Anger, M. (2016). Increased frequency of chromosome congression defects and aneuploidy in mouse oocytes cultured at lower temperature. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, Mar 9. Advance online publication. doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/RD15306.
   Google Scholar
• Dar, S., Lazer, T., Shah, P.S., & Librach, C.L. (2014). Neonatal outcomes among singleton births after blastocyst versus cleavage stage embryo transfer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update, 20, 439–448. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmu001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Los Santos, M.J., Apter, S., Coticchio, G., Debrock, S., Lundin, K., Plancha, C.E., … Vermeulen, N. The ESHRE Guideline Group on Good Practice in IVF Labs. (2016). Revised guidelines for good practice in IVF laboratories (2015). Human Reproduction, 31, 685–686. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dew016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devroey, P., Braeckmans, P., Smitz, J., Van Waesberghe, L., Wisanto, A., Van Steirteghem, A., … Camu, F. (1986). Pregnancy after translaparoscopic zygote intrafallopian transfer in a patient with sperm antibodies. Lancet, 1, 1329. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91250-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebner, T., Yaman, C., Moser, M., Sommergruber, M., Polz, W., & Tews, G. (2001). The ineffective loading process of the embryo transfer catheter alters implantation and pregnancy rates. Fertility and Sterility, 76, 630–632. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(01)01980-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, R.G., Purdy, J.M., Steptoe, P.C., & Walters, D.E. (1981). The growth of human preimplantation embryos in vitro. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 141, 408–416. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(81)90603-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, R.G., & Steptoe, P.C. (1983). Current status of in-vitro fertilisation and implantation of human embryos. Lancet, 2, 1265–1269. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(83)91148-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eytan, O., Elad, D., & Jaffa, A.J. (2007). Evaluation of the embryo transfer protocol by a laboratory model of the uterus. Fertility and Sterility, 88, 485–493. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedler, S., Schachter, M., Strassburger, D., Esther, K., Ron El, R., & Raziel, A. (2007). A randomized clinical trial comparing recombinant hyaluronan/recombinant albumin versus human tubal fluid for cleavage stage embryo transfer in patients with multiple IVF-embryo transfer failure. Human Reproduction, 22, 2444–2448. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, B.E., Lathi, R.B., Henne, M.B., Fisher, S.L., & Milki, A.A. (2011). The effect of air bubble position after blastocyst transfer on pregnancy rates in IVF cycles. Fertility and Sterility, 95, 944–947. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.1063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gambadauro, P., & Navaratnarajah, R. (2015). Reporting of embryo transfer methods in IVF research: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 30, 137–143. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.10.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glujovsky, D., Blake, D., Farquhar, C., & Bardach, A. (2012). Cleavage stage versus blastocyst stage embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 7, CD002118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002118.pub4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grygoruk, C., Pietrewicz, P., Modlinski, J.A., Gajda, B., Greda, P., Grad, I., & Mrugacz, G. (2012). Influence of embryo transfer on embryo preimplantation development. Fertility and Sterility, 97, 1417–1421. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.03.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halvaei, I., Khalili, M.A., Razi, M.H., Agha-Rahimi, A., & Nottola, S.A. (2013). Impact of different embryo loading techniques on pregnancy rates in in vitro fertlization/embryo transfer cycles. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 6, 65–69. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-1208.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamatani, T., Ko, M., Yamada, M., Kuji, N., Mizusawa, Y., Shoji, M., … Yoshimura, Y. (2006). Global gene expression profiling of preimplantation embryos. Human Cell, 19, 98–117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-0774.2006.00018.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hambiliki, F., Ljunger, E., Karlstrom, P.O., & Stavreus-Evers, A. (2010). Hyaluronan-enriched transfer medium in cleavage-stage frozen-thawed embryo transfers increases implantation rate without improvement of delivery rate. Fertility and Sterility, 94, 1669–1673. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.10.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazlett, W.D., Meyer, L.R., Nasta, T.E., Mangan, P.A., & Karande, V.C. (2008). Impact of EmbryoGlue as the embryo transfer medium. Fertility and Sterility, 90, 214–216. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hearns-Stokes, R.M., Miller, B.T., Scott, L., Creuss, D., Chakraborty, P.K., & Segars, J.H. (2000). Pregnancy rates after embryo transfer depend on the provider at embryo transfer. Fertility and Sterility, 74, 80–86. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(00)00582-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karagenc, L., Sertkaya, Z., Ciray, N., Ulug, U., & Bahçeci, M. (2004). Impact of oxygen concentration on embryonic development of mouse zygotes. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 9, 409–417. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61276-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, I., Staessen, C., Devroey, P., & Van Steirteghem, A.C. (1991). Human serum albumin versus serum: A comparative study on embryo transfer medium. Fertility and Sterility, 56, 98–101. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)54425-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoudja, R.Y., Xu, Y., Li, T., & Zhou, C. (2013). Better IVF outcomes following improvements in laboratory air quality. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 30, 69–76. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-012-9900-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H.S., Lee, G.S., Hyun, S.H., Nam, D.H., Lee, S.H., Jeong, Y.W., … Hwang, W.-S. (2005). Embryotropic effect of glycosaminoglycans and receptors in development of porcine pre-implantation embryos. Theriogenology, 63, 1167–1180. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.06.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkegaard, K., Hindkjaer, J.J., & Ingerslev, H.J. (2013). Effect of oxygen concentration on human embryo development evaluated by time-lapse monitoring. Fertility and Sterility, 99, 738–744 e4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krampl, E., Zegermacher, G., Eichler, C., Obruca, A., Strohmer, H., & Feichtinger, W. (1995). Air in the uterine cavity after embryo transfer. Fertility and Sterility, 63, 366–370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57370-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, M., & Gardner, D.K. (2003). Ammonium induces aberrant blastocyst differentiation, metabolism, pH regulation, gene expression and subsequently alters fetal development in the mouse. Biology of Reproduction, 69, 1109–1117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.103.018093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H.-C., Seifer, D.B., & Shelden, R.M. (2004). Impact of retained embryos on the outcome of assisted reproductive technologies. Fertility and Sterility, 82, 334–337. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.01.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeton, J., Trounson, A., Jessup, D., & Wood, C. (1982). The technique for human embryo transfer. Fertility and Sterility, 38, 156–161. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)46451-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legro, R.S., Sauer, M.V., Mottla, G.L., Richter, K.S., Li, X., Dodson, W.C., & Liao, D. (2010). Effect of air quality on assisted human reproduction. Human Reproduction, 25, 1317–1324. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deq021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, W., Goossens, K., Van Poucke, M., Forier, K., Braeckmans, K., Van Soom, A., & Peelman, L.J. (2014). High oxygen tension increases global methylation in bovine 4-cell embryos and blastocysts but does not affect general retrotransposon expression. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 28, 948–959. doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/RD14133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Listijono, D.R., Boylan, T., Cooke, S., Kilani, S., & Chapman, M.G. (2013). An analysis of the impact of embryo transfer difficulty on live birth rates, using a standardised grading system. Human Fertility, 16, 211–214. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/14647273.2013.804956.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loutradi, K.E., Prassas, I., Bili, E., Sanopoulou, T., Bontis, I., & Tarlatzis, B.C. (2007). Evaluation of a transfer medium containing high concentration of hyaluronan in human in vitro fertilization. Fertility and Sterility, 87, 48–52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madani, T., Ashrafi, M., Jahangiri, N., Abadi, A.B., & Lankarani, N. (2010). Improvement of pregnancy rate by modification of embryo transfer technique: A randomized clinical trial. Fertility and Sterility, 94, 2424–2426. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.03.046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maheshwari, A., Kalampokas, T., Davidson, J., & Bhattacharya, S. (2013). Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies resulting from the transfer of blastocyst-stage versus cleavage-stage embryos generated through in vitro fertilization treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility and Sterility, 100, 1615–1621 e10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.08.044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour, R.T., & Aboulghar, M.A. (2002). Optimizing the embryo transfer technique. Hum. Reprod, 17, 1149–1153. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.5.1149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marconi, G., Vilela, M., Bello, J., Diradourian, M., Quintana, R., & Sueldo, C. (2003). Endometrial lesions caused by catheters used for embryo transfers: A preliminary report. Fertility and Sterility, 80, 363–367. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(03)00607-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ménézo, Y., Arnal, F., Humeau, C., Ducret, L., & Nicollet, B. (1989). Increased viscosity in transfer medium does not improve the pregnancy rates after embryo replacement. Fertility and Sterility, 52, 680–682. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)60987-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ménézo, Y., Guerin, P., & Elder, K. (2015). The oviduct: A neglected organ due for re-assessment in IVF. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 30, 233–240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.11.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montag, M., Kupka, M., Van Der Ven, K., & Van Der Ven, H. (2002). Embryo transfer on day 3 using low versus high fluid volume. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 102, 57–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-2115(03)00278-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montag, M., Toth, B., & Strowitzki, T. (2013). New approaches to embryo selection. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 27, 539–546. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.05.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morbeck, D.E. (2015). Air quality in the assisted reproduction laboratory: A mini-review. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 32, 1019–1024. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-015-0535-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno, V., Balasch, J., Vidal, E., Calafell, J.M., Civico, S., & Vanrell, J.A. (2004). Air in the transfer catheter does not affect the success of embryo transfer. Fertility and Sterility, 81, 1366–1370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.09.060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munch, E.M., Sparks, A.E., Duran, H.E., & Van Voorhis, B.J. (2015). Lack of carbon air filtration impacts early embryo development. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 32, 1009–1017. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-015-0495-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz, M., Meseguer, M., Lizan, C., Ayllon, Y., Perez-Cano, I., & Garrido, N. (2009). Bleeding during transfer is the only parameter of patient anatomy and embryo quality that affects reproductive outcome: A prospective study. Fertility and Sterility, 92, 953–955. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa, K., Takahashi, C., Nishi, Y., Jyuen, H., Sugiyama, R., Kuribayashi, Y., & Sugiyama, R. (2012). Hyaluronan-enriched transfer medium improves outcome in patients with multiple embryo transfer failures. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 29, 679–685. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-012-9758-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacchiarotti, A., Mohamed, M.A., Micara, G., Tranquilli, D., Linari, A., Espinola, S.M., & Aragona, C. (2007). The impact of the depth of embryo replacement on IVF outcome. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 24, 189–193. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-007-9110-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papanikolaou, E.G. Kolibianakis, E.M., Tournaye, H., Venetis, C.A., Fatemi, H., Tarlatzis, B., & Devroey, P. (2008). Live birth rates after transfer of equal number of blastocysts or cleavage-stage embryos in IVF. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum. Reprod, 23, 91–99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, J.A., Martins, W.P., Nastri, C.O., & Raine-Fenning, N.J. (2013). Difficult embryo transfers or blood on catheter and assisted reproductive outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 168, 121–128. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.12.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poindexter, A.N., 3rd., Thompson, D.J., Gibbons, W.E., Findley, W.E., Dodson, M.G., & Young, R.L. (1986). Residual embryos in failed embryo transfer. Fertility and Sterility, 46, 262–267. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49523-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poncelet, C., Sifer, C., Hequet, D., Porcher, R., Wolf, J.P., Uzan, M., & Ducarme, G. (2009). Hysteroscopic evaluation of endocervical and endometrial lesions observed after different procedures of embryo transfer: A prospective comparative study. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 147, 183–186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.08.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revel, A. (2012). Defective endometrial receptivity. Fertility and Sterility, 97, 1028–1032. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.03.039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinaudo, P.F., Giritharan, G., Talbi, S., Dobson, A.T., & Schultz, R.M. (2006). Effects of oxygen tension on gene expression in preimplantation mouse embryos. Fertility and Sterility, 86, 1265.e1–1265.e36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, S.A. (2007). GM-CSF regulation of embryo development and pregnancy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 18, 287–298. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.04.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rovei, V., Dalmasso, P., Gennarelli, G., Lantieri, T., Basso, G., Benedetto, C., & Revelli, A. (2013). IVF outcome is optimized when embryos are replaced between 5 and 15 mm from the fundal endometrial surface: A prospective analysis on 1184 IVF cycles. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 11, 114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-11-114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakkas, D. (2014). Embryo selection using metabolomics. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1154, 533–540. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0659-8_24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schoolcraft, W.B., Surrey, E.S., & Gardner, D.K. (2001). Embryo transfer: Techniques and variables affecting success. Fertility and Sterility, 76, 863–870. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02731-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, R.T., J.R., Ferry, K., Su, J., Tao, X., Scott, K., & Treff, N.R. (2012). Comprehensive chromosome screening is highly predictive of the reproductive potential of human embryos: A prospective, blinded, nonselection study. Fertility and Sterility, 97, 870–875. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.01.104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, B.S., Daneshmand, S.T., Garner, F.C., Aguirre, M., Hudson, C., & Thomas, S. (2011). Evidence of impaired endometrial receptivity after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization: A prospective randomized trial comparing fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer in normal responders. Fertility and Sterility, 96, 344–348. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siristatidis, C., Vogiatzi, P., Salamalekis, G., Creatsa, M., Vrachnis, N., Glujovsky, D., & Chrelias, C. (2013). Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor supplementation in culture media for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction technologies: A systematic review. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2013, 704967. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/704967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjöblom, C., Wikland, M., & Robertson, S.A. (1999). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes human blastocyst development in vitro. Human Reproduction, 14, 3069–3076. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.12.3069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2007). Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 2001 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology registry. Fertility and Sterility, 87, 1253–1266. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, X.F., Zhang, W.H., Chen, X.J., Xiao, G.H., Mai, W.Y., & Wang, W.H. (2004). Spindle dynamics in living mouse oocytes during meiotic maturation, ageing, cooling and overheating: A study by polarized light microscopy. Zygote, 12, 241–249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967199404002850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesarik, J., Pilka, L., Dvorak, M., & Travnik, P. (1983). Oocyte recovery, in vitro insemination and transfer into the oviduct after its microsurgical repair at a single laparotomy. Fertility and Sterility, 39, 472–475. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)46934-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tevkin, S., Lokshin, V., Shishimorova, M., & Polumiskov, V. (2014). The frequency of clinical pregnancy and implantation rate after cultivation of embryos in a medium with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients with preceding failed attempts of ART. Gynecological Endocrinology, 30 (Suppl 1), 9–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2014.945767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiras, B., Korucuoglu, U., Polat, M., Saltik, A., Zeyneloglu, H.B., & Yarali, H. (2012). Effect of blood and mucus on the success rates of embryo transfers. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 165, 239–242. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiras, B., Polat, M., Korucuoglu, U., Zeyneloglu, H.B., & Yarali, H. (2010). Impact of embryo replacement depth on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer outcomes. Fertility and Sterility, 94, 1341–1345. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.1666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turley, E., & Moore, D. (1984). Hyaluronate binding proteins also bind to fibronectin, laminin and collagen. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 121, 808–814. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(84)90750-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urman, B., Yakin, K., Ata, B., Isiklar, A., & Balaban, B. (2008). Effect of hyaluronan-enriched transfer medium on implantation and pregnancy rates after day 3 and day 5 embryo transfers: A prospective randomized study. Fertility and Sterility, 90, 604–612. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wale, P.L., & Gardner, D.K. (2016). The effects of chemical and physical factors on mammalian embryo culture and their importance for the practice of assisted human reproduction. Human Reproduction Update, 22, 2–22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmv034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W.-H., Meng, L., Hackett, R.J., Oldenbourg, R., & Keefe, D.L. (2002). Rigorous thermal control during intracytoplasmic sperm injection stabilizes the meiotic spindle and improves fertilization and pregnancy rates. Fertility and Sterility, 77, 1274–1277. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03117-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, Z., Vansteelandt, S., Van Der Elst, J., Coetsier, T., Dhont, M., & De Sutter, P. (2009). The efficacy of the embryo transfer catheter in IVF and ICSI is operator-dependent: A randomized clinical trial. Human Reproduction, 24, 880–887. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/den453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziebe, S., Loft, A., Povlsen, B.B., Erb, K., Agerholm, I., Aasted, M., … Robertson, S.A. (2013). A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in embryo culture medium for in vitro fertilization. Fertility and Sterility, 99, 1600–1609. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.12.043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar