219
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluation

Efficacy and safety of low-dose oral minoxidil in the management of androgenetic alopecia

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 139-147 | Received 26 Dec 2023, Accepted 31 Jan 2024, Published online: 06 Feb 2024

References

  • Gupta AK, Wang T, Bamimore MA, et al. The relative effect of monotherapy with 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors and minoxidil for female pattern hair loss: a network meta‐analysis study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024;23(1):154–160. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15910
  • Gupta AK, Venkataraman M, Talukder M, et al. Relative efficacy of minoxidil and the 5-α reductase inhibitors in androgenetic alopecia treatment of male patients: a network meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2022 Feb 2;158(3):266–274. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.5743
  • Gupta AK, Talukder M, Williams G. Comparison of oral minoxidil, finasteride, and dutasteride for treating androgenetic alopecia. J Dermatol Treat. 2022 Aug 3;33(7):2946–2962. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2022.2109567
  • Gupta AK, Hall D, Talukder M, et al. There is a positive dose-dependent association between low-dose oral minoxidil and its efficacy for androgenetic alopecia: findings from a systematic review with meta-regression analyses. Skin Appendage Disord. 2022;8(5):355–361. doi: 10.1159/000525137
  • Gupta AK, Talukder M, Venkataraman M, et al. Minoxidil: a comprehensive review. J Dermatol Treat. 2021 Jul 20;33(4):1896–1906. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1945527
  • Gupta AK, Wang T, Bamimore MA, et al. Relative effects of minoxidil 5%, platelet-rich plasma, and microneedling in pattern hair loss: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Skin Appendage Disorders. 2023;9(6):397–406.
  • Gupta AK, Talukdera M, Shemerd A, et al. Low-dose oral minoxidil for alopecia: a comprehensive review. Skin Appendage Disord. 2023;9(6):423–437. doi: 10.1159/000531890
  • Varsha J. Comparative study of oral minoxidil and finasteride in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: a six-month double-blinded study. J Adv Zool. 2023;44(S–2):445–455.
  • Zhu Y, Li E, Quan V, et al. 43336 low-dose oral minoxidil for alopecia: a single-center retrospective review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;89(3):AB62. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.07.253
  • Imhof R, Villalpando B, Torgerson R. 42482 low dose oral minoxidil as monotherapy in patients with hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;89(3):AB191. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.07.765
  • Nascimento e Silva M, Ramos PM, Silva MR, et al. Randomized clinical trial of low-dose oral minoxidil for the treatment of female pattern hair loss: 0.25 mg versus 1 mg. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87(2):396–399. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.01.017
  • Ramos PM, Sinclair RD, Kasprzak M, et al. Minoxidil 1 mg oral versus minoxidil 5% topical solution for the treatment of female-pattern hair loss: a randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Jan;82(1):252–253.
  • Vahabi-Amlashi S, Layegh P, Kiafar B, et al. A randomized clinical trial on therapeutic effects of 0.25 mg oral minoxidil tablets on treatment of female pattern hair loss. Dermatol Ther. 2021 Nov;34(6):e15131.
  • Vastarella M, Cantelli M, Patrì A, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral minoxidil in female androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e14234. doi: 10.1111/dth.14234
  • Pirmez R, Salas-Callo C-I. Very-low-dose oral minoxidil in male androgenetic alopecia: a study with quantitative trichoscopic documentation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(1):e21–e22. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.084
  • Panchaprateep R, Lueangarun S. Efficacy and safety of oral minoxidil 5 mg once daily in the treatment of male patients with androgenetic alopecia: an open-label and global photographic assessment. Dermatol Ther. 2020 Dec;10(6):1345–1357. doi: 10.1007/s13555-020-00448-x
  • Shorter K, Farjo NP, Picksley SM, et al. Human hair follicles contain two forms of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, only one of which is sensitive to minoxidil. FASEB J. 2008 Jun;22(6):1725–36.
  • Semalty M, Semalty A, Joshi GP, et al. Hair growth and rejuvenation: an overview. J Dermatol Treat. 2011;22(3):123–132. doi: 10.3109/09546630903578574
  • Kwack MH, Kang BM, Kim MK, et al. Minoxidil activates β-catenin pathway in human dermal papilla cells: a possible explanation for its anagen prolongation effect. J Dermatol Sci. 2011 Jun;62(3):154–159.
  • Lachgar L, Charveron C, Gall G, et al. Minoxidil upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human hair dermal papilla cells. British J Dermatol. 1998 Mar;138(3):407–411.
  • Oh HA, Kwak J, Kim BJ, et al. Migration inhibitory factor in conditioned medium from human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells stimulates hair growth. Cells. 2020;9(6):1344. doi: 10.3390/cells9061344
  • Choi BY. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway for developing therapies for hair loss. IJMS. 2020;21(14):4915. doi: 10.3390/ijms21144915
  • Kvedar JC, Baden HP, Levine L. Selective inhibition by minoxidil of prostacyclin production by cells in culture. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Mar 1;37(5):867–74. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90174-8
  • Nuck BA. Topical minoxidil does not act as an antiandrogen in the flank organ of the golden Syrian hamster. Arch Dermatol. 1987;123(1):59–61. doi: 10.1001/archderm.1987.01660250065019
  • Sato T, Tadokoro T, Sonoda T, et al. Minoxidil increases 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5 alpha-reductase activity of cultured human dermal papilla cells from balding scalp. J Dermatol Sci. 1999 Feb;19(2):123–125.
  • Pekmezci E, Turkoğlu M, Gökalp H, et al. Minoxidil downregulates interleukin-1 alpha gene expression in HaCaT cells. Int J Trichology. 2018;10(3):108. doi: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_18_17
  • Villani A, Fabbrocini G, Ocampo-Candiani J, et al. Review of oral minoxidil as treatment of hair disorders: in search of the perfect dose. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021 Mar 3;35(7):1485–1492. doi: 10.1111/jdv.17216
  • Galbraith GM, Thiers BH. In vitro suppression of human lymphocyte activity by minoxidil. Int J Dermatol. 1985;24(4):249–251. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1985.tb05774.x
  • Chen X, Liu B, Li Y, et al. Dihydrotestosterone regulates hair growth through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in C57BL/6 mice and in vitro organ culture. Front Pharmacol. 2020;10:1528. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01528
  • Pekmezci E, Türkoğlu M. Minoxidil acts as an antiandrogen: a study of 5α-reductase type 2 gene expression in a human keratinocyte cell line. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2017;25(4):271–275.
  • Ramos PM, Goren A, Sinclair R, et al. Oral minoxidil bio-activation by hair follicle outer root sheath cell sulfotransferase enzymes predicts clinical efficacy in female pattern hair loss. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Jan;34(1):e40–e41.
  • Dhurat R, Daruwalla S, Pai S, et al. SULT1A1 (Minoxidil Sulfotransferase) enzyme booster significantly improves response to topical minoxidil for hair regrowth. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Jan;21(1):343–346.
  • Pietrauszka K, Bergler-Czop B. Sulfotransferase SULT1A1 activity in hair follicle, a prognostic marker of response to the minoxidil treatment in patients with androgenetic alopecia: a review. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2022 Jun;39(3):472–478. doi: 10.5114/ada.2020.99947
  • Ramos PM, Gohad P, McCoy J, et al. Minoxidil Sulfotransferase Enzyme (SULT1A1) genetic variants predicts response to oral minoxidil treatment for female pattern hair loss. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021 Jan;35(1):e24–e26.
  • Ramos PM, Sinclair R, Miot HA, et al. Sulfotransferase activity in plucked hair follicles predicts response to topical minoxidil treatment in Brazilian female pattern hair loss patients. Dermatol Ther. 2020 Jan;33(1):e13195.
  • Ramos PM, McCoy J, Wambier C, et al. Novel topical booster enhances follicular sulfotransferase activity in patients with androgenetic alopecia: a new strategy to improve minoxidil response. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Dec;34(12):e799–e800.
  • Fleishaker J, Andreadis N, Welshman I, et al. The pharmacokinetics of 2.5‐to 10‐mg oral doses of minoxidil in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 1989;29(2):162–167. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1989.tb03307.x
  • Clissold SP, Heel RC. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic properties and therapeutic efficacy in alopecia areata and alopecia androgenetica. Drugs. 1987;33(2):107–122. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198733020-00002
  • Lowenthal DT, Affrime MB. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of minoxidil. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1980;2 Suppl 2:S93–106. doi: 10.1097/00005344-198000022-00002
  • Pfizer Loniten (Minoxidil) Tablet, 2.5 Mg & 10 Mg, For oral use (RxTx) [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2021 Apr 26]. Available from: https://www-e-therapeutics-ca.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/search.
  • Perera E, Sinclair R. Treatment of chronic telogen effluvium with oral minoxidil: a retrospective study. F1000Res. 2017;6:1650. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.11775.1
  • Cranwell WC, Sinclair R. Loose anagen hair syndrome: treatment with systemic minoxidil characterised by marked hair colour change. Australas J Dermatol. 2018 Nov;59(4):e286–e287. doi: 10.1111/ajd.12812
  • Jerjen R, Koh WL, Sinclair R, et al. Low-dose oral minoxidil improves global hair density and length in children with loose anagen hair syndrome. Br J Dermatol. 2021 Dec 24;184(5):977–978. doi: 10.1111/bjd.19756
  • Sinclair R. Treatment of monilethrix with oral minoxidil. JAAD Case Rep. 2016 May;2(3):212–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2016.02.011
  • Vañó-Galván S, Trindade de Carvalho L, Saceda-Corralo D, et al. Oral minoxidil improves background hair thickness in lichen planopilaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Jun;84(6):1684–1686.
  • Awad A, Chim I, Sharma P, et al. Low-dose oral minoxidil improves hair density in traction alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;89(1):157–159. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.02.024
  • Jimenez-Cauhe J, Saceda-Corralo D, Rodrigues-Barata R, et al. Effectiveness and safety of low-dose oral minoxidil in male androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Aug;81(2):648–649.
  • Lueangarun S, Panchaprateep R, Tempark T, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral minoxidil 5 mg daily during 24-week treatment in male androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72(5):638.
  • Fiedler-Weiss VC, Rumsfield J, Buys CM, et al. Evaluation of oral minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol. 1987;123(11):1488–1490.
  • Iorizzo M, Waskiel-Burnat A, Anedda J, et al. Persistent chemotherapy-induced alopecia treated with low dose oral minoxidil: a multicenter retrospective case series of 15 patients. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2023 Jul 1;13(3):e2023152. doi: 10.5826/dpc.1303a152
  • Minta A, Park C, Rose L, et al. Retrospective review of oral and topical minoxidil for cancer treatment-induced hair loss. Arch Dermatol Res. 2023 Nov;315(9):2613–2615.
  • Kang J, Lee JW, Kwon O. Efficacy of low-dose oral minoxidil in the management of anticancer therapy-induced alopecia in patients with breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;88(5):1170–1173. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.12.005
  • Vañó-Galván S, Pirmez R, Hermosa-Gelbard A, et al. Safety of low-dose oral minoxidil for hair loss: a multicenter study of 1404 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Feb 24;84(6):1644–1651. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.02.054
  • Sanabria BD, Palmegiani E, Seron AF, et al. Prospective cardiovascular evaluation with 24-hour Holter and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in men using 5-mg oral minoxidil for androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Feb;88(2):436–437.
  • Ong M, Do H, Ho B, et al. Low-dose oral minoxidil for androgenetic alopecia is not associated with clinically significant blood-pressure changes: a retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Oct 14;90(2):425–427.
  • Kincaid C, Arnold J, Park M, et al. Blood pressure monitoring for minoxidil therapy in alopecia patients. SKIN J Cutaneous Med. 2023;7(6):1123–1125. doi: 10.25251/skin.7.6.6
  • Imhof R, Villalpando B, Torgerson R. Safety and tolerability of low dose oral minoxidil monotherapy in female pattern hair loss: a retrospective review with longitudinal ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. JAAD Int. 2023 Dec;13:50–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.08.002
  • Jimenez-Cauhe J, Saceda-Corralo D, Hermosa-Gelbard A, et al. Before-after study with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring after the first dose of 5 mg oral minoxidil. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87(6):e235–e237. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.06.1205
  • Jimenez-Cauhe J, Saceda-Corralo D, Rodrigues-Barata R, et al. Safety of low-dose oral minoxidil treatment for hair loss. A systematic review and pooled-analysis of individual patient data. Dermatol Ther. 2020 Nov;33(6):e14106.
  • Reichgott MJ. Minoxidil and pericardial effusion: an idiosyncratic reaction. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981 Jul;30(1):64–70. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1981.128
  • Dlova NC, Jacobs T, Singh S. Pericardial, pleural effusion and anasarca: a rare complication of low-dose oral minoxidil for hair loss. JAAD Case Rep. 2022;28:94–96. doi: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.07.044
  • Martin WB, Spodick DH, Zins GR. Pericardial disorders occurring during open-label study of 1,869 severely hypertensive patients treated with minoxidil. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1980;2 Suppl 2:S217–27. doi: 10.1097/00005344-198000022-00016
  • Venkatesh R, Pereira A, Reddy NG, et al. Retinal artery occlusion as a probable idiosyncratic reaction to topical minoxidil: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2021 Oct 8;15(1):493. doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-03114-8
  • John JM, Sinclair RD. Systemic minoxidil for hair disorders in pediatric patients: a safety and tolerability review. Int J Dermatol. 2023 Feb;62(2):257–259. doi: 10.1111/ijd.16373
  • de Nicolas-Ruanes B, Moreno-Arrones OM, Saceda-Corralo D, et al. Low-dose oral minoxidil for treatment of androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium in a pediatric population: a descriptive study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022 Sep;87(3):700–702.
  • Rogers NE, Avram MR. Medical treatments for male and female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59(4):547–566. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.07.001
  • Cauhe JJ, Pirmez R, Ramos PM, et al. Safety of low-dose oral minoxidil in patients with hypertension and arrhythmia: a multicenter study of 264 patients. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2023;115(1): 28–35 .
  • Moreno-Arrones OM, Rodrigues-Barata R, Morales C, et al. Serious adverse effects from compounding errors with low-dose oral minoxidil for alopecia treatment. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2022 Jul;113(7):725–727.
  • Yin L, Svigos K, Gutierrez D, et al. Low-dose oral minoxidil increases hair density and thickness in androgenetic alopecia: a retrospective analysis of 60 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022 Mar;36(3):e200–e202.
  • Dominguez‐Santas M, Diaz‐Guimaraens B, Saceda‐Corralo D, et al. The state‐of‐the‐art in the management of androgenetic alopecia: a review of new therapies and treatment algorithms. JEADV Clin Prac. 2022;1(3):176–185. doi: 10.1002/jvc2.53
  • Jimenez-Cauhe J, Saceda-Corralo D, Rodrigues-Barata R, et al. Characterization and management of hypertrichosis induced by low-dose oral minoxidil in the treatment of hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(1):222–223. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.08.124
  • Suchonwanit P, Thammarucha S, Leerunyakul K. Minoxidil and its use in hair disorders: a review. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019;13:2777–2786. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S214907

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.