References
- Lee TC, Boulware DR. Ongoing need for clinical trials and contemporary end points for outpatient COVID-19. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176(1):137–138. doi: 10.7326/M22-3317
- McCarthy MW. Optimizing the use of paxlovid in clinical practice. Drugs Today (Barc). 2022;58(11):539–546. doi: 10.1358/dot.2022.58.11.3461265
- Hammond J, Leister-Tebbe H, Gardner A, et al. Oral nirmatrelvir for high-risk, nonhospitalized adults with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(15):1397–1408. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2118542
- McCarthy MW. Outpatient treatment options to address the SARS-CoV-2 variant omicron. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022;20(8):1–5. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2077191
- Nealon J, Cowling BJ. Omicron severity: milder but not mild. Lancet. 2022;399(10323):412–413. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00056-3
- Rubin R. As COVID-19 cases surge, Here’s what to know about JN.1, the latest SARS-CoV-2 “variant of interest”. JAMA. 2024;331(5):382.
- Kaku Y, Okumura K, Padilla-Blanco M, et al. Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 variant. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024;24(2):e82. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00813-7
- Looi MK. Covid-19: WHO adds JN.1 as new variant of interest. BMJ. 2023;383:2975. doi: 10.1136/bmj.p2975
- McCarthy MW, Naggie S, Boulware DR, et al. Fluvoxamine vs placebo and Time to recovery in outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19—reply. JAMA. 2023;329(19):1702. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.5064
- McCarthy MW. Outpatient treatment options to address the SARS-CoV-2 variant omicron. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022;20(8):1129–1133. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2077191
- Gottlieb RL, Juneja K, Hill JA. Outpatient remdesivir to prevent progression to severe covid-19. Reply N Engl J Med. 2022;386(11):1094.
- Rochwerg B, Agarwal A, Zeng L, et al. Remdesivir for severe covid-19: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2020;370:m2924. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m2924
- Lee TC, Murthy S, Del Corpo O, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28(9):1203–1210. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.04.018
- Teli D, Balar P, Patel K, et al. Molnupiravir: A Versatile Prodrug against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Metabolites. 2023;13(2). doi: 10.3390/metabo13020309
- Singh AK, Singh A, Singh R, et al. An updated practical guideline on use of molnupiravir and comparison with agents having emergency use authorization for treatment of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022;16(2):102396. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102396
- Vangeel L, Chiu W, De Jonghe S, et al. Remdesivir, molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir remain active against SARS-CoV-2 omicron and other variants of concern. Antiviral Res. 2022;198:105252. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105252
- Zarenezhad E, Marzi M. Review on molnupiravir as a promising oral drug for the treatment of COVID-19. Med Chem Res. 2022;31(2):1–12. doi: 10.1007/s00044-021-02841-3
- Mrukowicz J, Rochwerg B, Jaeschke R. Will molnupiravir be a game changer in our efforts to safe COVID-19 outpatients? Pol Arch Intern Med. 2022;132(1). doi: 10.20452/pamw.16183
- Jayk Bernal A, Gomes da Silva MM, Musungaie DB, et al. Molnupiravir for oral treatment of covid-19 in nonhospitalized patients. N Engl J Med. 2021;386(6):509–520. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2116044
- McCarthy MW. Ensitrelvir as a potential treatment for COVID-19. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2022;23(18):1–4. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2146493
- Moghadasi SA, Heilmann E, Moraes SN, et al. Transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants with resistance to clinical protease inhibitors. bioRxiv. 2022;29:1117–1131.
- Mukae H, Yotsuyanagi H, Ohmagari N, et al. A randomized phase 2/3 study of ensitrelvir, a novel oral SARS-CoV-2 3C-Like protease inhibitor, in Japanese patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: results of the phase 2a part. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022;66(10):e0069722. doi: 10.1128/aac.00697-22
- Schake P, Dishnica K, Kaiser F, et al. An interaction-based drug discovery screen explains known SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors and predicts new compound scaffolds. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):9204. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35671-x
- Rabie AM. RNA: the most attractive target in recent viral diseases. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2024;103(1):e14404.
- Jiang H, Zou X, Zhou X, et al. Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease M. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024;692:149352. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149352
- Alzyoud L, Mahgoub RE, Mohamed FE, et al. The discovery of novel small oxindole-based inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro). Chem Biodivers. 2023;20(11):e202301176. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202301176
- Cao Z, Gao W, Bao H, et al. VV116 versus nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for oral treatment of covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(5):406–417. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2208822
- Cao Q, Ding Y, Xu Y, et al. Small-molecule anti-COVID-19 drugs and a focus on China’s homegrown mindeudesivir (VV116). Front Med. 2024;17(6):1068–1079. doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1037-3
- Zhu KW. Deuremidevir and simnotrelvir-ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2023;6(9):1306–1309. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00134
- Jiang X, Su H, Shang W, et al. Structure-based development and preclinical evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease inhibitor simnotrelvir. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):6463. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42102-y
- Ma C, Sacco MD, Hurst B, et al. Boceprevir, GC-376, and calpain inhibitors II, XII inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication by targeting the viral main protease. Cell Res. 2020;30(8):678–692. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0356-z
- Yang XM, Yang Y, Yao BF, et al. A first-in-human phase 1 study of simnotrelvir, a 3CL-like protease inhibitor for treatment of COVID-19, in healthy adult subjects. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2023;191:106598. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106598
- Cao B, Wang Y, Lu H, et al. Oral simnotrelvir for adult patients with mild-to-moderate covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(3):230–241. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301425
- Lim SYM, Al Bishtawi B, Lim W. Role of cytochrome P450 2C9 in COVID-19 treatment: current status and future directions. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2023;48(3):221–240. doi: 10.1007/s13318-023-00826-8
- Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zheng W, et al. Oral remdesivir derivative VV116 is a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus with efficacy in mouse model. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):123. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00963-7
- Coulson JM, Adams A, Gray LA, et al. COVID-19 “rebound” associated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir pre-hospital therapy. J Infect. 2022;85(4):436–480. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.06.011
- Ganatra S, Dani SS, Ahmad J, et al. Oral nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in non-hospitalized vaccinated patients with covid-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;86:2341–2349.
- Malden DE, Hong V, Lewin BJ, et al. Hospitalization and emergency department encounters for COVID-19 after paxlovid treatment - California, December 2021-May 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(25):830–833. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7125e2
- Hu Y, Lewandowski EM, Tan H, et al. Naturally occurring mutations of SARS-CoV-2 main protease confer drug resistance to Nirmatrelvir. ACS Cent Sci. 2023;9(8):1658–1669. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00538
- Buchman TG, Draghia-Akli R, Adam SJ, et al. Accelerating coronavirus disease 2019 therapeutic interventions and vaccines-selecting compounds for clinical evaluation in coronavirus disease 2019 clinical trials. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(11):1963–1973. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005295
- Naggie S, Boulware DR, Lindsell CJ, et al. Effect of higher-dose ivermectin for 6 days vs placebo on time to sustained recovery in outpatients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023;329(11):888–897. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.1650
- Naggie S, Boulware DR, Lindsell CJ, et al. Effect of ivermectin vs placebo on time to sustained recovery in outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;328(16):1595–1603. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.18590
- Boulware DR, Lindsell CJ, Stewart TG, et al. Inhaled fluticasone furoate for outpatient treatment of covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(12):1085–1095. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2209421
- Hamm ME, Arnold J, Denson J, et al. The ACTIV-6 stakeholder advisory committee: a model for virtual engagement in decentralized clinical trials. J Clin Transl Sci. 2023;7(1):e264. doi: 10.1017/cts.2023.671
- McCarthy MW, Walsh TJ. Drugs currently under investigation for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2017;26(7):825–831. doi: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1341488