Identity, stress and substance abuse among young adults

References

• Adams G. R., Munro B., Doherty‐Poirer M., Munro G., Peterson A. R., Edwards J. Diffuse‐avoidance, normative, and informational identity styles: Using identity theory to predict maladjustment. Identity 2001; 1: 307–320
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. Adelaide: A social atlas. Commonwealth of Australia Publications, Canberra 2002
   Google Scholar
• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. National Drug Strategy Household Survey – detailed findings (Drug Statistics Series No. 16). The Institute, Canberra 2005
   Google Scholar
• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Statistics on drug use in Australia 2006 (Drug Statistics Series No. 18). The Institute, Canberra 2007
   Google Scholar
• Baron R. M., Kenny D. A. The moderator‐mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986; 51: 1173–1182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennion L. D., Adams G. R. A revision of the extended version of the objective measure of ego identity status: An identity instrument for use with late adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research 1986; 1: 183–198
   Google Scholar
• Bentrim T., Erin M. Alcohol consumption in undergraduate students: The role of ego‐identity status, alcohol expectancies, and drinking refusal self‐efficacy. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences 2003; 64((1‐A))66
   Google Scholar
• Berzonsky M. D. Identity style and coping strategies. Journal of Personality 1992a; 60: 771–788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berzonsky M. D. A process perspective on identity and stress management. Adolescent identity formation, G. R Adams, T. P Gullotta, R Montemayor. Sage, Newbury Park, CA 1992b; 193–215
   Google Scholar
• Berzonsky M. D., Adams G. R. Reevaluating the identity status paradigm: Still useful after 35 years. Developmental Review 1999; 19: 557–590
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berzonsky M. D., Adams G. R. Blackwell handbook of adolescence. Blackwell, Malden, MA 2003
   Google Scholar
• Christopherson B. B., Jones R. M., Sales A. P. Diversity in reported motivations for substance use as a function of ego identity development. Journal of Adolescent Research 1989; 3: 141–152
   Google Scholar
• Cohen S., Kamarck T., Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour 1983; 24: 385–396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronbach L. J. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 1951; 16: 297–334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erikson E. H. Identity and the life cycle. Psychological Issues 1959; 1, (whole No. 1)
   Google Scholar
• Erikson E. H. Identity: Youth and crises. Norton, New York 1968
   Google Scholar
• Grotevant H., Adams G. R. Development of an objective measure to assess ego identity in adolescence: Validation and replication. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 1984; 13: 419–438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunthey R., Jain M. Use of drugs in relation to family environment, ego‐strength and life stress. Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies 1998; 14: 59–62
   Google Scholar
• Hewitt P. L., Flett G. L., Mosher S. W. The perceived stress scale: Factor structure and relation to depression symptoms in a psychiatric sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 1992; 14: 247–257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann J. P., Su S. S. Parental substance use disorder, mediating variables and adolescent drug use: A non‐recursive model. Addiction 1998; 93: 1351–1364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes T. H., Rahe R. H. The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1967; 11: 213–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones R. M., Akers J. F., White J. M. Revision classification criteria for the extended objective measure of ego identity status (EOMEIS). Journal of Adolescence 1994; 17: 553–549
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones R. M., Hartmann B. R. Ego identity: Developmental differences and experimental substance use among adolescents. Journal of Adolescence 1988; 11: 347–360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroger J. Ego identity status research in the new millennium. International Journal of Behavioral Development 2000; 24: 145–148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lautenschlager G. J. A comparison of alternatives to conducting Monte Carlo analyses for determining parallel analysis criteria. Multivariate Behavioral Research 1989; 24: 365–395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus R. S., Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer, New York 1984
   Google Scholar
• Levine C. Introduction: Structure, development, and identity formation. Identity 2003; 3: 191–195
   Google Scholar
• Loxley W., Toumbourou J. W., Stockwell T. The prevention of substance use, risk and harm in Australia: A review of the evidence. Commonwealth of Australia Publications, Canberra 2004
   Google Scholar
• Marcia J. E. Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1966; 3: 551–558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcia J. E. Identity six years after: A follow‐up study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 1976; 5: 145–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcia J. E., Waterman A. S., Matteson D. R., Archer S. L., Orlofsky J. L. Ego identity: A handbook for psychosocial research. Springer‐Verlag, New York 1993
   Google Scholar
• Meeus W., Iedema J., Helsen M., Vollebergh W. Patterns of adolescent identity development: Review of literature and longitudinal analysis. Developmental Review 1999; 19: 419–461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meilman P. W. Cross‐sectional age changes in ego identity status during adolescence. Developmental Psychology 1979; 15: 230–231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitic W. R., McGuire D. P., Neumann B. Adolescent problem drinking and perceived stress. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education 1987; 33: 45–54
   Google Scholar
• National Health Service. Statistics on alcohol: England, 2007. The Information Centre, Leeds 2007a
   Google Scholar
• National Health Service. Statistics on drug misuse: England, 2007. The Information Centre, Leeds 2007b
   Google Scholar
• National Health Service. Statistics on smoking: England, 2007. The Information Centre, Leeds 2007c
   Google Scholar
• Nicholas S., Kershaw C., Walker A. Crime in England and Wales 2006/07. Home Office, London 2007, (4th ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Pearlin L. I., Lieberman M. A., Menaghan E. G., Mullan J. T. The stress process. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1981; 22: 337–356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlin L. I., Schooler C. The structure of coping. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1978; 19: 2–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phoenix T. L. Who am I?: Identity formation, youth, and therapeutic recreation. Therapeutic Recreation Journal 2001; 35: 348–356
   Google Scholar
• Prosen S., Ucman S. Self‐concept and self‐esteem in a group of drug‐addicted adults. Proceedings of the 3rd International Biennial SELF Research Conference. 2004, Berlin, July 4–7
   Google Scholar
• Pulkkinen L., Kokko K. Identity development in adulthood: A longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality 2000; 34: 445–470
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouse S. V., Butcher J. N., Miller K. B. Assessment of substance abuse in psychotherapy clients: The effectiveness of the MMPI‐2 substance abuse scales. Psychological Assessment 1999; 11: 101–107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarason I. G., Johnson J. H., Siegel J. M. Assessing the impact of life changes: Development of the life experiences survey. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1978; 46: 932–946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz S. J. Construct validity of two identity status measures: The EIPQ and the EOM‐EIS‐II. Journal of Adolescence 2004; 27: 477–483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serafini T. E., Adams G. R. Functions of identity: Scale construction and validation. Identity 2002; 2: 361–389
   Google Scholar
• Siqueira L., Diab M., Bodian C., Rolnitzky L. The relationship of stress and coping methods to adolescent marijuana use. Substance Abuse 2001; 22: 157–166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Svanum S., McGrew J., Ehrmann L. Validity of the substance abuse scales of the MMPI‐2 in a college student sample. Journal of Personality Assessment 1994; 62: 427–439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waterman A. S. Identity, the identity statuses, and identity status development: A contemporary statement. Developmental Review 1999; 19: 591–621
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weed N. C., Butcher J. N., McKenna T., Ben‐Porath Y. S. New measures for assessing alcohol and drug abuse with the MMPI‐2. Journal of Personality Assessment 1992; 58: 389–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White J. M. Alcoholism and identity development: A theoretical integration of the least mature status with the typologies of alcoholism. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 2000; 18: 43–59
   Google Scholar
• Wires J. W., Barocas R., Hollenbeck A. R. Determinants of adolescent identity deveolpment: A cross‐sequential study of boarding school boys. Adolescence 1994; 29: 361–378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoder A. E. Barriers to ego identity status formation: A contextual qualification of Marcia's identity status paradigm. Journal of Adolescence 2000; 23: 95–106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar