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Research Article

ALS diagnostic criteria of El Escorial Revisited: do they meet the needs of clinicians as well as researchers?

Pages S57-S60 | Published online: 10 Jul 2009

References

  • Brooks BR. El Escorial World Federation of Neurology criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Subcommit- tee on Motor Neuron Diseases/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Neu- romuscular Diseases and the El Escorial ‘Clinical limits of amy-otrophic lateral sclerosis’ workshop contributors. J Neurol Sci 1994; 124 (suppl): 96–107.
  • Belsh JM. ALS diagnostic criteria, El Escorial, and Philip II of Spain: a historical perspective. J ALS and other MNDs, ALS 1999; 1: 55–62.
  • Miller RG, Munsat TL, Swash M et al. Consensus guidelines for the design and implementation of clinical trials in ALS. J Neurol Sci 1999; 169 (1,2): 2–12.
  • Ross MA, Miller RG, Berchert L et al. Toward earlier diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: revised criteria. rhCNTF ALS Study Group. Neurology 1998; 50: 768–772.
  • Belsh JM. Differential diagnosis of ALS: Part I. Non-motor neuron diseases and adult-onset spinal muscular atrophies. In: Belsh JM, Schiffman PL (eds). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Management for the Clinician. Armonk, NY: Futura, 1996: 85–129.
  • Belsh JM, Schiffman PL. Misdiagnosis in patients with amyo- trophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150: 2301–2305.
  • Chiò A, Mocellini C, Terena A, Schiffer D. Misdiagnosis in ALS: therapeutic and psychological implications. Presented at 5th International Symposium on ALS/MND, Noordwijk, Holland, 1994.

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