Publication Cover
Sex Education
Sexuality, Society and Learning
Volume 24, 2024 - Issue 3
295
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Does Yes Mean Yes? Differences in US college students’ understanding of sexual consent

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 416-432 | Received 15 Dec 2022, Accepted 04 May 2023, Published online: 12 Jun 2023

References

  • Beres, M. 2010. “Sexual Miscommunication? Untangling Assumptions About Sexual Communication Between Casual Sex Partners.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 12 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1080/13691050903075226.
  • Beres, M. 2020. “Perspectives of Rape-Prevention Educators on the Role of Consent in Sexual eViolence Prevention.” Sex Education 20 (2): 227–238. doi:10.1080/14681811.2019.1621744.
  • Bloom, B. E., T. K. Kieu, J. A. Wagman, E. C. Ulloa, and E. Reed. 2022. “Responsiveness of Sex Education to the Needs of LGBTQ+ Undergraduate Students and Its Influence on Sexual Violence and Harassment Experiences.” American Journal of Sexuality Education 17 (3): 1–32. doi:10.1080/15546128.2022.2033662.
  • Bourke, J. 2007. Rape: Sexual Violence History. London: Virago Press.
  • Byron, P., A. McKee, A. Watson, K. Litsou, and R. Ingham. 2022. “Pornography and Porn Literacy 1.” In What Do We Know About the Effects of Pornography After Fifty Years of Academic Research?, edited by A. McKee, K. Litsou, P. Byron, and R. Ingham, 65–79. London: Routledge.
  • California Educ. Code. § 67386. 2014. California Legislative Information. Available at: http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_0951-1000/sb_967_bill_20140804_amended_asm_v95.html
  • California State University. 2014. “Implementation of Title IX, VAWA/Campus SaVe Act, and Related Sex Discrimination, Sexual Harassment and Sexual Violence Legislation — Executive Order 1095.” California State Assembly Committee on Higher Education. Available at: https://ahed.assembly.ca.gov/sites/ahed.assembly.ca.gov/files/hearings/TPW%20-%20Presidents%20Memo%206-3-14%20EO%201095%20Implementation%20of%20Title%20IX%20VAWA-Campus%20SaVE%20Act%20Related%20Legislation.pdf
  • Cameron-Lewis, V., and L. Allen. 2013. “Teaching Pleasure and Danger in Sexuality Education.” Sex Education 13 (2): 121–132. doi:10.1080/14681811.2012.697440.
  • Campus SaVE Act. 2014. “Frequently Asked Questions and Answers to the Most Common Questions About the Campus SaVe Act.” Campus SaVE Act. Available at: http://thecampussaveact.com/faq/
  • Cantor, D., B. Fisher, S. Chibnall, S. Harps, R. Townsend, G. Thomas, H. Lee, V. Kranz, R. Herbison, and K. Madden. 2019. Report on the AAU Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Misconduct. Rockville, Maryland: The Association of American Universities.
  • Cao, L. 2022. ““Black Pole” and “Asian Hole”: Language Ideologies in Interracial Gay Porn.” Journal of Homosexuality ePub 1–21. doi:10.1080/00918369.2022.2040926.
  • Chen, J., M. L. Walters, L. K. Gilbert, and N. Patel. 2020. “Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence by Sexual Orientation, United States.” Psychology of Violence 10 (1): 110. doi:10.1037/vio0000252.
  • Crisp, B. R., and A. Taket. 2022. “Using a Theatre-Based Program to Prevent Gender-Based Violence: Evidence from Australia.” Health Promotion International ePub. 10.1093/heapro/daac025
  • De Heer, B., M. Brown, and J. Cheney. 2021. “Sexual Consent and Communication Among the Sexual Minoritized: The Role of Heteronormative Sex Education, Trauma, and Dual Identities.” Feminist Criminology 16 (5): 701–721. doi:10.1177/15570851211034560.
  • Elmore, K. C., T. M. Scull, C. V. Malik, and J. B. Kupersmidt. 2021. “Rape Myth Acceptance Reflects Perceptions of Media Portrayals as Similar to Others, but Not the Self.” Violence Against Women 27 (3–4): 529–551. doi:10.1177/10778012209083.
  • Gilbert, J. 2018. “Contesting Consent in Sex Education.” Sex Education 18 (3): 268–279. doi:10.1080/14681811.2017.1393407.
  • Gillborn, D., P. Warmington, and S. Demack. 2018. “QuantCrit: Education, Policy, ‘Big Data’ and Principles for a Critical Race Theory of Statistics.” Race, Ethnicity & Education 21 (2): 158–179. doi:10.1080/13613324.2017.1377417.
  • Goldstein, A. 2020. “Beyond Porn Literacy: Drawing on Young People’s Pornography Narratives to Expand Sex Education Pedagogies.” Sex Education 20 (1): 59–74. doi:10.1080/14681811.2019.1621826.
  • Gronert, N. M. 2022. “Using Popular Media Portrayals to Investigate Undergraduates’ Perceptions of Sexual Consent.” Gender and Education 34 (6): 1–16. doi:10.1080/09540253.2022.2027887.
  • Hackman, C. L., S. E. Pember, A. H. Wilkerson, W. Burton, and S. L. Usdan. 2017. “Slut-Shaming and Victim-Blaming: A Qualitative Investigation of Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of Sexual Violence.” Sex Education 17 (6): 697–711. doi:10.1080/14681811.2017.1362332.
  • Harding, K. 2015. Asking for It: The Alarming Rise of Rape Culture—And What We Can Do About It. Boston: Da Capo Press.
  • Harris, K. L. 2018. “Yes Means Yes and No Means No, but Both These Mantras Need to Go: Communication Myths in Consent Education and Anti-Rape Activism.” Journal of Applied Communication Research 46 (2): 155–178. doi:10.1080/00909882.2018.1435900.
  • Haskell, L., and M. Randall. 2019. “Impact of Trauma on Adult Sexual Assault Victims: What the Criminal Justice System Needs to Know.” Available at SSRN 3417763. 10.2139/ssrn.3417763.
  • Healy-Cullen, S., J. E. Taylor, K. Ross, and T. Morison. 2022. “Youth Encounters with Internet Pornography: A Survey of Youth, Caregiver, and Educator Perspectives.” Sexuality & Culture 26 (2): 491–513. doi:10.1007/s12119-021-09904-y.
  • Hille, J. J., M. K. Simmons, and S. A. Sanders. 2020. “‘Sex’ and the Ace Spectrum: Definitions of Sex, Behavioral Histories, and Future Interest for Individuals Who Identify as Asexual, Graysexual, or Demisexual.” Journal of Sex Research 57 (7): 813–823. doi:10.1080/00224499.2019.1689378.
  • Hoffman, A. 2018. Rules of Magic. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Hust, S. J. T., K. B. Rodgers, S. Ebreo, and W. Stefani. 2019. “Rape Myth Acceptance, Efficacy, and Heterosexual Scripts in Men’s Magazines: Factors Associated with Intentions to Sexually Coerce or Intervene.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34 (8): 1703–1733. doi:10.1177/0886260516653752.
  • Jensen, R. 2007. Getting Off: Pornography and the End of Masculinity. Boston: South End Press.
  • Jozkowski, K. N., and T. P. Humphreys. 2014. “Sexual Consent on College Campuses: Implications for Sexual Assault Prevention Education.” Health Education Monograph Series 31 (2): 30–35.
  • Jozkowski, K. N., and Z. D. Peterson. 2013. “College Students and Sexual Consent: Unique Insights.” Journal of Sex Research 50 (6): 517–523. doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.700739.
  • Jozkowski, K. N., Z. D. Peterson, S. A. Sanders, B. Dennis, and M. Reece. 2014. “Gender Differences in Heterosexual College Students’ Conceptualizations and Indicators of Sexual Consent: Implications for Contemporary Sexual Assault Prevention Education.” Journal of Sex Research 51 (8): 904–916. doi:10.1080/00224499.2013.792326.
  • Junkala, H., M. Berge, and E. Silfver. 2021. “Diversity in Sex and Relationship Education—Limitations and Possibilities in Swedish Biology Textbooks.” Sex Education 22 (5): 1–17. doi:10.1080/14681811.2021.1966407.
  • Kahlor, L., and D. Morrison. 2007. “Television Viewing and Rape Myth Acceptance Among College Women.” Sex Roles 56 (11–12): 729–739. doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9232-2.
  • Karjane, H. M., B. S. Fisher, and F. T. Cullen. 2005. Sexual Assault on Campus: What Colleges and Universities are Doing About It. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
  • Katz, J. 2019. The Macho Paradox: Why Some Men Hurt and How All Women Can Help. 2nd Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, Inc.
  • Kelly, P. 2020. The Restaurant. Plymouth, MA: Piping Plover Press.
  • Kimberly, C., and A. M. Hardman. 2019. “Mississippi College Students’ Attitudes, Willingness to Intervene and Legal Knowledge Toward Sexual Assault.” Sex Education 19 (1): 68–83. doi:10.1080/14681811.2018.1478807.
  • Kimberly, C., and A. M. Hardman. 2020. “The Effectiveness of an Online Sexual Assault Prevention Programme on College Campuses.” Journal of Student Affairs Research & Practice 57 (4): 432–440. doi:10.1080/19496591.2020.1713141.
  • Kitzinger, C., and H. Frith. 1999. “Just Say No? The Use of Conversation Analysis in Developing a Feminist Perspective on Sexual Refusal.” Discourse & Society 10 (3): 293–316. doi:10.1177/0957926599010003002.
  • Klesse, C. 2016. The Spectre of Promiscuity: Gay Male and Bisexual Non-Monogamies and Polyamories. Oxfordshire: Routledge.
  • Lee, J., and R. Sullivan. 2016. “Porn and Labour: The Labour of Porn Studies.” Porn Studies 3 (2): 104–106. doi:10.1080/23268743.2016.1184474.
  • Lehmiller, J. J. 2018. Tell Me What You Want: The Science of Sexual Desire and How It Can Help You Improve Your Sex Life. London: Hachette.
  • Leverick, F. 2020. “What Do We Know About Rape Myths and Juror Decision Making?” The International Journal of Evidence and Proof 24 (3): 255–279. doi:10.1177/1365712720923157.
  • Lorenzo, L., and S. K. Anderson. 2020. “Exploring the Academic Experience of College Student Survivors of Sexual Violence.” Open Access Library Journal 7 (5): 1. doi:10.4236/oalib.1106288.
  • Marcantonio, T. L., and K. N. Jozkowski. 2021. “College Students’ Definition of Non-Consent and Sexual Refusals in the Age of Affirmative Consent Initiatives.” Sex Education 23 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1080/14681811.2021.2012446.
  • McGlynn, C., and E. Rackley. 2017. “Image-Based Sexual Abuse.” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 37 (3): 534–561. doi:10.1093/ojls/gqw033.
  • McMahon, S. 2010. “Rape Myth Beliefs and Bystander Attitudes Among College Students.” Journal of American College Health 59 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.483715.
  • Messinger, A. M., and S. Koon-Magnin. 2019. “Sexual violence in LGBTQ communities.” In Handbook of Sexual Assault and Sexual Assault Prevention, edited by W. O’Donohue and P. Schewe, 661–674. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23645-8_39.
  • NASPA. n.d. “Not Anymore.” Culture of Respect. https://cultureofrespect.org/programme/not-anymore/.
  • Ortiz, R. R., and A. Shafer. 2018. “Unblurring the Lines of Sexual Consent with a College Student-Driven Sexual Consent Education Campaign.” Journal of American College Health 66 (6): 450–456. doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1431902.
  • Payne, D., K. Lonsway, and L. Fitzgerald. 1999. “Rape Myth Acceptance: Exploration of Its Structure and Its Measurement Using Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale.” Journal of Research in Personality 33 (1): 27–68. doi:10.1006/jrpe.1998.2238.
  • Schulze, C., S. Koon-Magnin, and V. Bryan. 2022. Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and Sexual Assault: Challenging the Myths. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
  • Smith, S. G., X. Zhang, K. C. Basile, M. T. Merrick, J. Wang, M. Kresnow, and J. Chen. 2018. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2015 Data Brief—Updated Release. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.nsvrc.org/sites/default/files/2021-04/full-report-2018-national-study-on-sexual-harassment-and-assault.pdf
  • Valenti, J., and J. Friedman. 2019. Yes Means Yes!: Visions of Female Sexual Power and a World Without Rape. 2nd ed. Berkeley: Seal Press.
  • van Egmond, M., N. Garnefski, D. Jonker, and A. Kerkhof. 1993. “The Relationship Between Sexual Abuse and Female Suicidal Behavior.” The Crisis 14 (3): 129–139.
  • Walker, S. J. 1997. “When ‘No’ Becomes ‘Yes’: Why Girls and Women Consent to Unwanted Sex.” Applied and Preventive Psychology 6 (3): 157–166. doi:10.1016/S0962-1849(97)80003-0.
  • Wanjuki, W. 2017. Intersections of Identity and Sexual Violence on Campus: Centering Minoritized Students’ Experiences. Virginia: Stylus Publishing.
  • The Washington Post, Kaiser Family Foundation. 2015. The Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation Survey of Current and Recent College Students on Sexual Assault. Washington, DC: The Washington Post/Kaiser Foundation.
  • Whittington, E. 2021. “Rethinking Consent with Continuums: Sex, Ethics and Young People.” Sex Education 21 (4): 480–496. doi:10.1080/14681811.2020.1840343.
  • Willis, M., K. N. Jozkowski, and J. Read. 2019. “Sexual Consent in K-12 Sex Education: An Analysis of Current Health Education Standards in the United States.” Sex Education 19 (2): 226–236. doi:10.1080/14681811.2018.1510769.
  • Wilson, M. 2004. Constructing Measures: An Item Response Modeling Approach. Abingdon: Routledge.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.