Prospect of rindopepimut in the treatment of glioblastoma

References

• Bondy ML, Scheurer ME, Malmer B, et al. Brain tumor epidemiology: consensus from the brain tumor epidemiology consortium. Cancer. 2008 Oct 1;113(7 Suppl):1953–1968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Fulop J, et al. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2008-2012. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Oct;17(Suppl 4):iv1–iv62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Liao P, et al. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2007-2011. Neuro Oncol. 2014 Oct;16(Suppl 4):iv1–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rulseh AM, Keller J, Klener J, et al. Long-term survival of patients suffering from glioblastoma multiforme treated with tumor-treating fields. World J Surg Oncol. 2012;10:220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stupp R, Mason WP, Van Den Bent MJ, et al. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):987–996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brower V. Early-stage progress on glioma vaccines. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011 Sep 21;103(18):1361–1362.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeAngelis LM. Brain tumors. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jan 11;344(2):114–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohgaki H, Kleihues P. Genetic alterations and signaling pathways in the evolution of gliomas. Cancer Sci. 2009 Dec;100(12):2235–2241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohgaki H, Kleihues P. Genetic pathways to primary and secondary glioblastoma. Am J Pathol. 2007 May;170(5):1445–1453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang L, Jin S, Su SM. IDH mutations in glioma and acute myeloid leukemia. Trends Mol Med. 2010 Sep;16(9):387–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selby R. The surgical treatment of cerebral glioblastoma multiforme: an historical review. J Neurooncol. 1994;18(3):175–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray S, Bonafede MM, Mohile NA. Treatment patterns, survival, and healthcare costs of patients with malignant gliomas in a large US commercially insured population. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2014 May;7(3):140–149.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imperato JP, Paleologos NA, Vick NA. Effects of treatment on long-term survivors with malignant astrocytomas. Ann Neurol. 1990 Dec;28(6):818–822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson JH, Raghavan R, Brady M, et al. Convection-enhanced delivery. J Neurosurg. 2011 Sep;115(3):463-464; discussion 465-466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Ye G, Li J, et al. Recent advance in molecular angiogenesis in glioblastoma: the challenge and hope for anti-angiogenic therapy. Brain Tumor Pathol. 2015 Oct;32(4):229–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai R, Suryadevara CM, Batich KA, et al. Emerging immunotherapies for glioblastoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2016 Jun;21(2):133–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fecci PE, Heimberger AB, Sampson JH. Immunotherapy for primary brain tumors: no longer a matter of privilege. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Nov 15;20(22):5620–5629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastan MB, Bartek J. Cell-cycle checkpoints and cancer. Nature. 2004 Nov 18;432(7015):316–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flatt PM, Pietenpol JA. Mechanisms of cell-cycle checkpoints: at the crossroads of carcinogenesis and drug discovery. Drug Metab Rev. 2000 Aug-Nov;32(3–4):283–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S. Isolation of a mouse submaxillary gland protein accelerating incisor eruption and eyelid opening in the new-born animal. J Biol Chem. 1962 May;237:1555–1562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurpad SN, Zhao XG, Wikstrand CJ, et al. Tumor antigens in astrocytic gliomas. Glia. 1995 Nov;15(3):244–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrand AJ, James CD, Cavenee WK, et al. Genes for epidermal growth factor receptor, transforming growth factor alpha, and epidermal growth factor and their expression in human gliomas in vivo. Cancer Res. 1991 Apr 15;51(8):2164–2172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong AJ, Ruppert JM, Bigner SH, et al. Structural alterations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in human gliomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 1;89(7):2965–2969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrand AJ, Sugawa N, James CD, et al. Amplified and rearranged epidermal growth factor receptor genes in human glioblastomas reveal deletions of sequences encoding portions of the N- and/or C-terminal tails. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 May 15;89(10):4309–4313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malden LT, Novak U, Kaye AH, et al. Selective amplification of the cytoplasmic domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Res. 1988 May 15;48(10):2711–2714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugawa N, Ekstrand AJ, James CD, et al. Identical splicing of aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor transcripts from amplified rearranged genes in human glioblastomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(21):8602–8606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moscatello DK, Holgado-Madruga M, Godwin AK, et al. Frequent expression of a mutant epidermal growth factor receptor in multiple human tumors. Cancer Res. 1995 Dec 1;55(23):5536–5539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libermann TA, Razon N, Bartal AD, et al. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in human brain tumors. Cancer Res. 1984 Feb;44(2):753–760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babu R, Adamson DC. Rindopepimut: an evidence-based review of its therapeutic potential in the treatment of EGFRvIII-positive glioblastoma. Core Evid. 2012;7:93–103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aldape KD, Ballman K, Furth A, et al. Immunohistochemical detection of EGFRvIII in high malignancy grade astrocytomas and evaluation of prognostic significance. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2004 Jul;63(7):700–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshimoto K, Dang J, Zhu S, et al. Development of a real-time RT-PCR assay for detecting EGFRvIII in glioblastoma samples. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jan 15;14(2):488–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson JH, Crotty LE, Lee S, et al. Unarmed, tumor-specific monoclonal antibody effectively treats brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jun 20;97(13):7503–7508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberger AB, Archer GE, Crotty LE, et al. Dendritic cells pulsed with a tumor-specific peptide induce long-lasting immunity and are effective against murine intracerebral melanoma. Neurosurgery. 2002 Jan;50(1):158-164; discussion 164-156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberger AB, Crotty LE, Archer GE, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor VIII peptide vaccination is efficacious against established intracerebral tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Sep 15;9(11):4247–4254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberger AB, Hlatky R, Suki D, et al. Prognostic effect of epidermal growth factor receptor and EGFRvIII in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Feb 15;11(4):1462–1466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikstrand CJ, Hale LP, Batra SK, et al. Monoclonal antibodies against EGFRvIII are tumor specific and react with breast and lung carcinomas and malignant gliomas. Cancer Res. 1995 Jul 15;55(14):3140–3148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sok JC, Coppelli FM, Thomas SM, et al. Mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) contributes to head and neck cancer growth and resistance to EGFR targeting. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Sep 1;12(17):5064–5073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamoto I, Kenyon LC, Emlet DR, et al. Expression of constitutively activated EGFRvIII in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci. 2003 Jan;94(1):50–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh T, Sayegh ET, Fakurnejad S, et al. Vaccine therapies in malignant glioma. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015 Jan;15(1):508.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bigner SH, Humphrey PA, Wong AJ, et al. Characterization of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human glioma cell lines and xenografts. Cancer Res. 1990 Dec 15;50(24):8017–8022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prigent SA, Nagane M, Lin H, et al. Enhanced tumorigenic behavior of glioblastoma cells expressing a truncated epidermal growth factor receptor is mediated through the Ras-Shc-Grb2 pathway. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 11;271(41):25639–25645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagane M, Coufal F, Lin H, et al. A common mutant epidermal growth factor receptor confers enhanced tumorigenicity on human glioblastoma cells by increasing proliferation and reducing apoptosis. Cancer Res. 1996 Nov 1;56(21):5079–5086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey PA, Wong AJ, Vogelstein B, et al. Anti-synthetic peptide antibody reacting at the fusion junction of deletion-mutant epidermal growth factor receptors in human glioblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jun;87(11):4207–4211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris JR, Markl J. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH): a biomedical review. Micron. 1999 Dec;30(6):597–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hersh EM, Dyre SE. Cells binding the antigen keyhole limpet haemocyanin in the peripheral blood and in the lymphocyte cultures of non-immune and immunized human subjects. Clin Exp Immunol. 1974 Jun;17(2):299–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberger AB, Sampson JH, PEPvIII-KLH T. (CDX-110) vaccine in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2009 Aug;9(8):1087–1098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paff M, Alexandru-Abrams D, Hsu FP, et al. The evolution of the EGFRvIII (rindopepimut) immunotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme patients. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(11):3322–3331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson JH, Archer GE, Mitchell DA, et al. An epidermal growth factor receptor variant III-targeted vaccine is safe and immunogenic in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 Oct;8(10):2773–2779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson JH, Heimberger AB, Archer GE, et al. Immunologic escape after prolonged progression-free survival with epidermal growth factor receptor variant III peptide vaccination in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Nov 1;28(31):4722–4729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson JH, Aldape KD, Archer GE, et al. Greater chemotherapy-induced lymphopenia enhances tumor-specific immune responses that eliminate EGFRvIII-expressing tumor cells in patients with glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2011 Mar;13(3):324–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuster J, Lai RK, Recht LD, et al. A phase II, multicenter trial of rindopepimut (CDX-110) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: the ACT III study. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Jun;17(6):854–861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson JH, Desjardins A, Schuster J, et al. ReACT: a randomized phase II study of rindopepimut (CDX-110) plus bevacizumab in relapsed glioblastoma. J Neurosurg. 2016 Apr;124(4):A1152–A1152.
   Google Scholar