Advances with platelet rich plasma therapies for tendon regeneration

References

• Rees JD, Maffulli N, Cook J. Management of tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(9):1855–1867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nourissat G, Berenbaum F, Duprez D. Tendon injury: from biology to tendon repair. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11(4):223–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andia I, Maffulli N. Meeting current musculoskeletal health demand through deeper insights into tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2015;15(6):767–771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins C, Fu S-C, Chua E, et al. Critical review on the socio-economic impact of tendinopathy. Asia-Pacific J Sports Med Arthr Rehab Tec. 2016;4:9–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abate M, Schiavone C, Salini V, et al. Occurrence of tendon pathologies in metabolic disorders. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52(4):599–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnussen RA, Dunn WR, Thomson AB. Nonoperative treatment of midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review. Clin J Sport Med. 2009;19(1):54–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lian OB, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Prevalence of jumper’s knee among elite athletes from different sports: a cross-sectional study. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(4):561–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory BP, Wysocki RW, Cohen MS. Controversies in surgical management of recalcitrant enthesopathy of the extensor carpi radialis brevis. J Hand Surg Am. 2016;41(8):856–859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diebold G, Lam P, Walton J, et al. Relationship between age and rotator cuff retear: a study of 1,600 consecutive rotator cuff repairs. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99(14):1198–1205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monrad N, Ganestam A, Kallemose T, et al. Alarming increase in the registration of degenerative rotator cuff-related lesions a nationwide epidemiological study investigating 244,519 patients. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017 Jun 24. DOI:10.1007/s00167-017-4626-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliva F, Piccirilli E, Berardi AC, et al. Hormones and tendinopathies: the current evidence. Br Med Bull. 2016;117(1):39–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamee MJ, Coveney CM, Faulkner A, et al. Ethics, evidence based sports medicine, and the use of platelet rich plasma in the English premier league. Health Care Anal. 2017. DOI:10.1007/s10728-017-0345-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rachul C, Rasko JEJ, Caulfield T. Implicit hype? Representations of platelet rich plasma in the news media. PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0182496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook JL, Rio E, Purdam CR, et al. Revisiting the continuum model of tendon pathology: what is its merit in clinical practice and research? Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(19):1187–1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu SC, Rolf C, Cheuk YC, et al. Deciphering the pathogenesis of tendinopathy: a three-stages process. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. 2010;2:30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Del Buono A, Battery L, Denaro V, et al. Tendinopathy and inflammation: some truths. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2011;24:45–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abate M, Silbernagel KG, Siljeholm C, et al. Pathogenesis of tendinopathies: inflammation or degeneration? Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(3):235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millar NL, Murrell GA, McInnes IB. Inflammatory mechanisms in tendinopathy - towards translation. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(2):110–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Addona A, Maffulli N, Formisano S, et al. Inflammation in tendinopathy. Surgeon. 2017;15:297–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behzad H, Tsai SH, Nassab P, et al. Mechanism of mast cell adhesion to human tenocytes in vitro. J Orthop Res. 2015;33(1):9–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andia I, Sanchez M, Maffulli N. Tendon healing and platelet-rich plasma therapies. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2010;10(10):1415–1426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammerman M, Aspenberg P, Eliasson P. Microtrauma stimulates rat Achilles tendon healing via an early gene expression pattern similar to mechanical loading. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014;116(1):54–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinemeier KM, Lorentzen MP, Jensen JK, et al. Local trauma in human patellar tendon leads to widespread changes in the tendon gene expression. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2016;120(9):1000–1010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean BJ, Gettings P, Dakin SG, et al. Are inflammatory cells increased in painful human tendinopathy? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(4):216–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalli J, Serhan C. Macrophage proresolving mediators-the when and where. Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Jun;4(3). DOI:10.1128/microbiolspec
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelberman RH, Linderman SW, Jayaram R, et al. Combined administration of ASCs and BMP-12 promotes an M2 macrophage phenotype and enhances tendon healing. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017;475(9):2318–2331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomgran P, Blomgran R, Ernerudh J, et al. A possible link between loading, inflammation and healing: immune cell populations during tendon healing in the rat. Sci Rep. 2016;6:29824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ackerman JE, Geary MB, Orner CA, et al. Obesity/Type II diabetes alters macrophage polarization resulting in a fibrotic tendon healing response. PLoS One. 2017;12(7):e0181127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andia I, Rubio-Azpeitia E, Maffulli N. Platelet-rich plasma modulates the secretion of inflammatory/angiogenic proteins by inflamed tenocytes. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(5):1624–1634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dakin SG, Smith RK, Heinegård D, et al. Proteomic analysis of tendon extracellular matrix reveals disease stage-specific fragmentation and differential cleavage of COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein). J Biol Chem. 2014;289(8):4919–4927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osti L, Buda M, Del Buono A, et al. Apoptosis and rotator cuff tears: scientific evidence from basic science to clinical findings. Br Med Bull. 2017;122(1):123–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attia M, Scott A, Carpentier G, et al. Greater glycosaminoglycan content in human patellar tendon biopsies is associated with more pain and a lower VISA score. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(6):469–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millar NL, Murrell GA, McInnes IB. Alarmins in tendinopathy: unravelling new mechanisms in a common disease. Rheumatology. 2013;52:769–779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosca MJ, Carr AJ, Snelling SJB, et al. Differential expression of alarmins-S100A9, IL-33, HMGB1 and HIF-1α in supraspinatus tendinopathy before and after treatment. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2017;3(1):e000225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dakin SG, Buckley CD, Al-Mossawi MH, et al. Persistent stromal fibroblast activation is present in chronic tendinopathy. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19(1):16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hammerman M, Blomgran P, Dansac A, et al. Different gene response to mechanical loading during early and late phases of rat Achilles tendon healing. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Jul;13:jap.00323.2017.
   Google Scholar
• Çirci E, Akman YE, Şükür E, et al. Impact of platelet-rich plasma injection timing on healing of Achilles tendon injury in a rat model. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2016;50(3):366–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millar NL, Gilchrist DS, Akbar M, et al. MicroRNA29a regulates IL-33-mediated tissue remodelling in tendon disease. Nat Commun. 2015;10(6):6774. DOI:10.1038/ncomms7774
   Google Scholar
• Millar NL, Akbar M, Campbell AL, et al. IL-17A mediates inflammatory and tissue remodelling events in early human tendinopathy. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morita W, Snelling SJ, Dakin SG, et al. Profibrotic mediators in tendon disease: a systematic review. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18(1):269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean BJ, Franklin SL, Carr AJ. The peripheral neuronal phenotype is important in the pathogenesis of painful human tendinopathy: a systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(9):3036–3046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean BJ, Snelling SJ, Dakin SG, et al. Differences in glutamate receptors and inflammatory cell numbers are associated with the resolution of pain in human rotator cuff tendinopathy. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ackermann PW, Franklin SL, Dean BJ, et al. Neuronal pathways in tendon healing and tendinopathy–update. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2014;19:1251–1278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spang C, Alfredson H. Richly innervated soft tissues covering the superficial aspect of the extensor origin in patients with chronic painful tennis elbow - Implication for treatment? J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2017;17(2):97–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plinsinga ML, van Wilgen CP, Brink MS, et al. Patellar and Achilles tendinopathies are predominantly peripheral pain states: a blinded case control study of somatosensory and psychological profiles. Br J Sports Med. 2017.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fukawa T, Yamaguchi S, Watanabe A, et al. Quantitative assessment of tendon healing by using MR T2 mapping in a rabbit achilles tendon transection model treated with platelet-rich plasma. Radiology. 2015;276(3):748–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geburek F, Gaus M, van Schie HT, et al. Effect of intralesional platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment on clinical and ultrasonographic parameters in equine naturally occurring superficial digital flexor tendinopathies – a randomized prospective controlled clinical trial. BMC Vet Res. 2016;12(1):191.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fitzpatrick J, Bulsara M, Zheng MH. The effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of tendinopathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(1):226–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andia I, Abate M. Platelet rich plasma: combinational treatment modalities for musculoskeletal condition. Front Med. 2017. DOI:10.1007/s11684-017-0551-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubio-Azpeitia E, Sánchez P, Delgado D, et al. Adult cells combined with platelet-rich plasma for tendon healing: cell source options. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017;5(2):2325967117690846.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng C, Zhou C, Xu D, et al. Combination of platelet-rich plasma and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhances tendon-bone healing in a rabbit model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Surg Res. 2016;11(1):96.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zamora C, Bardina J, Diaz-Torné C, et al. Binding of platelets to lymphocytes: a potential anti-inflammatory therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol. 2017;198(8):3099–3108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jl L, Zarbock A, Hidalgo A. Platelets as autonomous drones for hemostatic and immune surveillance. J Exp Med. 2017 Jul 18. DOI:10.1084/jem.20170879
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo SC, Tao SC, Yin WJ, et al. Exosomes derived from platelet-rich plasma promote the re-epithelization of chronic cutaneous wounds via activation of YAP in a diabetic rat model. Theranostics. 2017;7(1):81–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnouf T, Goubran HA, Chou ML, et al. Platelet microparticles: detection and assessment of their paradoxical functional roles in disease and regenerative medicine. Blood Rev. 2014;28(4):155–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papalia R, Zampogna B, Vadala G, et al. Are plarelet-rich plasma injections more effective in tendinopathy or enthesopathy? J Pain Relief. 2017;6(3).
   Google Scholar
• van Dijk CN, Van Sterkenburg MN, Wiegerink JI, et al. Terminology for Achilles tendon related disorders. Kssta. 2011;19(5):835–841.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Yuan T, Zheng N, et al. The combined use of kartogenin and platelet-rich plasma promotes fibrocartilage formation in the wounded rat Achilles tendon entheses. Bone Joint Res. 2017;6(4):231–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Zhang J, Yang J, et al. Kartogenin with PRP promotes the formation of fibrocartilage zone in the tendon-bone interface. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2017 Jan 27;3445–3456. DOI:10.1002/term.2258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasina EM, Cauwenberghs S, Feijge MA, et al. Microparticles from apoptotic platelets promote resident macrophage differentiation. Cell Death Dis. 2011;2:e211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudgens JL, Sugg KB, Grekin JA, et al. Platelet-rich plasma activates proinflammatory signaling pathways and induces oxidative stress in tendon fibroblasts. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(8):1931–1940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu TY, Pang JH, Wu KP, et al. Platelet-rich plasma increases proliferation of tendon cells by modulating Stat3 and p27 to up-regulate expression of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell Prolif. 2015;48(4):413–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keramaris NC, Kaptanis S, Moss HL, et al. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone healing. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2012;7(4):293–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lui PP, Wong OT. Tendon stem cells: experimental and clinical perspectives in tendon and tendon-bone junction repair. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2012;2(3):163–168.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen L, Liu JP, Tang KL, et al. Tendon derived stem cells promote platelet-rich plasma healing in collagenase-induced rat Achilles tendinopathy. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2014;34(6):2153–2168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreuz PC, Krüger JP, Metzlaff S, et al. Platelet-rich plasma preparation types show impact on chondrogenic differentiation, migration, and proliferation of human subchondral mesenchymal progenitor cells. Arthroscopy. 2015;31(10):1951–1961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stessuk T, Puzzi MB, Chaim EA, et al. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: stimulatory effects on proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro. Arch Dermatol Res. 2016;308(7):511–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wu H, et al. The differential effects of leukocyte-containing and pure platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tendon stem/progenitor cells - implications of PRP application for the clinical treatment of tendon injuries. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2015;6:173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Chen S, Chang P, et al. Harmful effects of leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma on rabbit tendon stem cells in vitro. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(8):1941–1951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JH, Nirmala X. Application of tendon stem/progenitor cells and platelet-rich plasma to treat tendon injuries. Oper Tech Orthop. 2016;26(2):68–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu K, Al-Ani MK, Sun Y, et al. Platelet-rich plasma activates tendon-derived stem cells to promote regeneration of Achilles tendon rupture in rats. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2017;11(4):1173–1184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson JE, Zurakowski D, Italiano JE Jr, et al. Normal ranges of angiogenesis regulatory proteins in human platelets. Am J Hematol. 2010;85(7):487–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CH, Lee FY, Tarafder S, et al. Harnessing endogenous stem/progenitor cells for tendon regeneration. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(7):2690–2701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter RM, Huynh RT, Volper BD, et al. Impact of TGF-β inhibition during acute exercise on Achilles tendon extracellular matrix. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2017;312(1):R157–R164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holladay C, Abbah SA, O’Dowd C, et al. Preferential tendon stem cell response to growth factor supplementation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2016;10(9):783–798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers JT, Schroeder MD, Ma C, et al. Is an injury-regulated systemic factor that induces the transition of stem cells into GAlert. Cell Rep. 2017;19(3):479–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawaz M, Vogel S. Platelets in tissue repair: control of apoptosis and interactions with regenerative cells. Blood. 2013;122(15):2550–2554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung CM, Hah YS, Kim JS, et al. Cytotoxic effects of ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine on rotator cuff tenofibroblasts. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(12):2888–2896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo CH, Lee SY, Yoon KS, et al. Effects of platelet-rich plasma with concomitant use of a corticosteroid on tenocytes from degenerative rotator cuff tears in interleukin 1β-induced tendinopathic conditions. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(5):1141–1150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abate M, Salini V, Schiavone C, et al. Clinical benefits and drawbacks of local corticosteroids injections in tendinopathies. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2017;16(3):341–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dohan Ehrenfest DM, Andia I, Zumstein MA, et al. Classification of platelet concentrates (Platelet-Rich Plasma-PRP, Platelet-Rich Fibrin-PRF) for topical and infiltrative use in orthopedic and sports medicine: current consensus, clinical implications and perspectives. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2014;4(1):3–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubio-Azpeitia E, Bilbao AM, Sánchez P, et al. The properties of 3 different plasma formulations and their effects on tendinopathic cells. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(8):1952–1961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarrel TM, Minas T, Fortier LA. Optimization of leukocyte concentration in platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(19):e143(1-8).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cross JA, Cole BJ, Spatny KP, et al. Leukocyte-reduced platelet-rich plasma normalizes matrix metabolism in torn human rotator cuff tendons. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(12):2898–2906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan R, Gu Y, Ran J, et al. Intratendon delivery of leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma improves healing compared with leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma in a rabbit achilles tendinopathy model. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(8):1909–1920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo CH, Kim JE, Yoon KS, et al. Platelet-rich plasma stimulates cell proliferation and enhances matrix gene expression and synthesis in tenocytes from human rotator cuff tendons with degenerative tears. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(5):1035–1045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boswell SG, Schnabel LV, Mohammed HO, et al. Increasing platelet concentrations in leukocyte-reduced platelet-rich plasma decrease collagen gene synthesis in tendons. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(1):42–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andia I, Latorre PM, Gomez MC, et al. Platelet-rich plasma in the conservative treatment of painful tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies. Br Med Bull. 2014;110(1):99–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miroshnychenko O, Chang WT, Dragoo JL. Use of platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma to enhance differentiation of skeletal myoblasts: implications for the use of autologous blood products for muscle regeneration. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(4):945–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupley L, Charalambous CP. Platelet-rich plasma injections as a treatment for refractory patellar tendinosis: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2017;29(3):171–177.
   Google Scholar
• Dragoo JL, Wasterlain AS, Braun HJ, et al. Platelet-rich plasma as a treatment for patellar tendinopathy: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(3):610–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vetrano M, Castorina A, Vulpiani MC, et al. Platelet-rich plasma versus focused shock waves in the treatment of jumper’s knee in athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(4):795–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andia I, Maffulli N. Update on platelet rich plasma for shoulder and elbow tendinopathy. Tech Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;18(3):91–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arirachakaran A, Sukthuayat A, Sisayanarane T, et al. Platelet-rich plasma versus autologous blood versus steroid injection in lateral epicondylitis: systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Orthop Traumatol. 2016;17(2):101–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim W, Park Sh, Kim B, et al. Relationship of cytokine levels and clinical effect on platelet-rich plasma-treated lateral epicondylitis. J Orthop Res. 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Lyras DN, Kazakos K, Tilkeridis K, et al. Temporal and spatial expression of TGF-β1 in the early phase of patellar tendon healing after application of platelet rich plasma. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2016;4(2):156–160.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goodier HC, Carr AJ, Snelling SJ, et al. Comparison of transforming growth factor beta expression in healthy and diseased human tendon. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18:48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolf CG, Fu SC, Hopkins C, et al. Presence of bacteria in spontaneous achilles tendon ruptures. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(9):2061–2067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietrich F, Hammerman M, Blomgran P, et al. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on rat Achilles tendon healing is related to microbiota. Acta Orthop. 2017;88(4):463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee KS. Ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma treatment: application and technique. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2016;20(5):422–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey V, Bandi A, Madi S, et al. Distribution of platelet-rich plasma after ultrasound-guided injection for chronic elbow tendinopathies. J Sports Sci Med. 2017;16(1):1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zayni R, Thaunat M, Fayard JM, et al. Platelet-rich plasma as a treatment for chronic patellar tendinopathy: comparison of a single versus two consecutive injections. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2015;5(2):92–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gwinner C, Gerhardt C, Haneveld H, et al. Two-staged application of PRP in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a matched-pair analysis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2016;136(8):1165–1171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebo J, Mehdipour M, Gathwala R, et al. A single heterochronic blood exchange reveals rapid inhibition of multiple tissues by old blood. Nat Commun. 2016;7:13363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo CH, Shin JS, Lee SY, et al. Allogeneic platelet-rich plasma for rotator cuff repair. Acta Ortop Bras. 2017;25(1):38–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieb M, Sander F, Prinz C, et al. Platelet-rich plasma powder: a new preparation method for the standardization of growth factor concentrations. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(4):954–960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar