5,644
Views
50
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Effectiveness of omalizumab in adolescent and adult patients with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review of ‘real-world’ evidence

, , , , , & show all
Pages 425-448 | Received 23 Jan 2018, Accepted 05 Feb 2018, Published online: 16 Feb 2018

References

  • Bernstein JA, Lang DM, Khan DA. The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:1270–1277.
  • Maurer M, Magerl M, Metz M, et al. Revisions to the international guidelines on the diagnosis and therapy of chronic urticaria. J German Soc Dermatol. 2013;11(10):971–978.
  • Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R, et al. The EAACI/GA(2) LEN/EDF/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria: the 2013 revision and update. Allergy. 2014;69:868–887.
  • Maurer M, Weller K, Bindslev-Jensen C, et al. Unmet clinical needs in chronic spontaneous urticaria: a GA2LEN task force report. Allergy. 2011;66:317–330.
  • Broder MS, Raimundo K, Antonova E, et al. Resource use and costs in an insured population of patients with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015;16:313–321.
  • Zuberbier T, Balke M, Worm M, et al. Epidemiology of urticaria: a representative cross-sectional population survey. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010;35(8):869–873.
  • Maurer M, Abuzakouk M, Bérard F, et al. The burden of chronic spontaneous urticaria is substantial: real-world evidence from ASSURE-CSU. Allergy. 2017;00:1–11.
  • Soni A, Mitchell E. Expenditures for commonly treated conditions among adults age 18 and older in the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, 2013. Statistical Brief #487. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; May 2016. [cited 2017 Nov 3]. Available from: http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_files/publications/st487/stat487.pdf
  • Tharp MD. Chronic urticaria: pathophysiology and treatment approaches. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;98(6):S325–S330.
  • Asero R, Tedeschi A, Marzano AV, et al. Pathomechanisms of chronic spontaneous urticaria: what is known and up to date. Curr Derm Rep. 2014;3:191–196.
  • Chang TW, Chen C, Lin CJ, et al. The potential pharmacologic mechanisms of omalizumab in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135(2):337–342.
  • Fine LM, Bernstein JA. Guideline of chronic urticaria beyond. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016;8(5):396–403.
  • Kaplan AP. Chronic spontaneous urticaria: pathogenesis and treatment considerations. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2017;9(6):477–482.
  • Greiwe J, Bernstein JA. Therapy of antihistamine-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2017;13(4):311–318.
  • Zuberbier T, Asero R, Bindslev-Jensen C, et al. The EAACI/GA(2) LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: management of urticaria. Allergy. 2009;64:1427–1443.
  • Zuberbier T, Greaves MW, Juhlin L, et al. Management of urticaria: a consensus report. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2001;6:128–131.
  • European Medicines Agency. Xolair: summary of product characteristics. [cited 2016 Oct 10]. Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000606/WC500057298.pdf.
  • Spector SL, Tan RA. Effect of omalizumab on patients with chronic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007;99(2):190–193.
  • Dreyfus DH. Observations on the mechanism of omalizumab as a steroid-sparing agent in autoimmune or chronic idiopathic urticaria and angioedema. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;100(6):624–625.
  • Godse KV. Omalizumab in severe chronic urticaria. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008;74(2):157.
  • Kaplan AP, Joseph K, Maykut RJ, et al. Treatment of chronic autoimmune urticaria with omalizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(3):569–573.
  • Máspero JF, Parisi CA, De Gennaro M, et al. Chronic autoimmune urticaria: treatment with omalizumab. Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria. 2009;107(5):452–456.
  • Maurer M, Rosén K, Hsieh HJ, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(10):924–935.
  • Kaplan A, Ledford D, Ashby M, et al. Omalizumab in patients with symptomatic chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria despite standard combination therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(1):101–109.
  • Saini SS, Bindslev-Jensen C, Maurer M, et al. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria who remain symptomatic on H 1 antihistamines: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Invest Dermatol. 2015;135(1):67–75.
  • Abraham I, Alhossan A, Lee CS, et al. ‘Real-life’ effectiveness studies of omalizumab in adult patients with severe allergic asthma: systematic review. Allergy. 2016;71:593–610.
  • Ivyanskiy I, Sand C, Thomsen SF. Omalizumab for chronic urticaria: a case series and overview of the literature. Case Rep Dermatol. 2012;4(1):19–26.
  • Metz M, Maurer M. Omalizumab in chronic urticaria. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12(4):406–411.
  • Francés L, Leiva-Salinas M, Silvestre JF. Omalizumab in the treatment of chronic urticaria. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition). 2014;105(1):45–52.
  • Lang DM. A critical appraisal of omalizumab as a therapeutic option for chronic refractory urticaria/angioedema. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014;112(4):276–279.
  • Giménez-Arnau AM, Toubi E, Marsland AM, et al. Clinical management of urticaria using omalizumab: the first licensed biological therapy available for chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(S5):25–32.
  • Vestergaard C, Toubi E, Maurer M, et al. Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria with an inadequate response to H1-antihistamines: an expert opinion. Eur J Dermatol. 2017;27(1):10–19.
  • Giménez-Arnau AM. Omalizumab for treating chronic spontaneous urticaria: an expert review on efficacy and safety. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2017;17(3):375–385.
  • Tonacci A, Billeci L, Pioggia G, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria: systematic review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy. 2017;37(4):464–480.
  • Chia JC, Mydlarski PR. Dermatologic uses of omalizumab. J Dermatolog Treat. 2017;28(4):332–337.
  • Ghazanfar MN, Thomsen SF. Omalizumab for chronic urticaria: aftermarket reports of efficacy and side effects. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2017;6(2):48–54.
  • Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):1–9.
  • Młynek A, Zalewska-Janowska A, Martus P, et al. How to assess disease activity in patients with chronic urticaria? Allergy. 2008;63:777–780.
  • Weller K, Groffik A, Church MK, et al. Development and validation of the Urticaria Control Test: a patient-reported outcome instrument for assessing urticaria control. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:1365–1372.
  • Baiardini I, Pasquali M, Braido F, et al. A new tool to evaluate the impact of chronic urticaria on quality of life: chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire (CU-Q2oL). Allergy. 2005;60:1073–1078.
  • Finlay AY, Khan GK. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): a simple practical measure for routine use. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1994;19:210–216.
  • Iemoli E, Piconi S, Fusi A, et al. Immunological effects of omalizumab in chronic urticaria: a case report. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010;20(3):252–254.
  • Vestergaard C, Deleuran M. Two cases of severe refractory chronic idiopathic urticaria treated with omalizumab. Acta Derm Venereol. 2010;90(4):443–444.
  • Wieczorek D, Kapp A, Wedi B. Omalizumab treatment of different urticaria subtypes. Allergo J. 2011;20(5):244–248.
  • Armengot-Carbo M, Velasco-Pastor M, Rodrigo-Nicolas B, et al. Omalizumab in chronic urticaria: a retrospective series of 15 cases. Dermatol Ther. 2013;26(3):257–259.
  • Song CH, Stern S, Giruparajah M, et al. Long-term efficacy of fixed-dose omalizumab for patients with severe chronic spontaneous urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013;110(2):113–117.
  • Kai AC, Flohr C, Grattan CE. Improvement in quality of life impairment followed by relapse with 6-monthly periodic administration of omalizumab for severe treatment-refractory chronic urticaria and urticarial vasculitis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2014;39(5):651–652.
  • Romano C, Sellitto A, De Fanis U, et al. Omalizumab for difficult-to-treat dermatological conditions: clinical and immunological features from a retrospective real-life experience. Clin Drug Investig. 2015;35(3):159–168.
  • Tontini C, Marinangeli L, Cognigni M, et al. Omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria: patient-tailored tapering or planned discontinuation? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;115(2):147–148.
  • Clark JJ, Secrest AM, Hull CM, et al. The effect of omalizumab dosing and frequency in chronic idiopathic urticaria: retrospective chart review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(6):1274–1276.
  • Denman S, Ford K, Toolan J, et al. Home self-administration of omalizumab for chronic spontaneous urticaria. Br J Dermatol. 2016;175(6):1405–1407.
  • Giménez-Arnau A, Velasco M, Hita JC, et al. Omalizumab: what benefits should we expect? Eur J Dermatol. 2016;26(4):340–344.
  • Gómez-Vera J, Gutiérrez-Ávila SA, Acosta-Gutiérrez DN, et al. Omalizumab in the treatment of antihistamine-resistant chronic urticaria in adults. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;117(2):204–206.
  • Gönül M, Özenergün Bittacı A, Ergin C. Omalizumab-induced triphasic anaphylaxis in a patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(11):e135–e136.
  • Konstantinou GN, Chioti AG, Daniilidis M. Self-reported hair loss in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria treated with omalizumab: an under-reported, transient side effect? Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;48(5):205–207.
  • Moreira AC, Lopes MR, Silva SE. Use of omalizumab in the treatment of chronic urticaria. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;48(6):242–246.
  • Subramaniyan R, Chopra A. Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria with a single dose of omalizumab: a study of four cases. Indian J Dermatol. 2016;61(4):467.
  • Ertas R, Ozyurt K, Ozlu E, et al. Increased IgE levels are linked to faster relapse in patients with omalizumab-discontinued chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(6):1749–1751.
  • Gericke J, Metz M, Ohanyan T, et al. Serum autoreactivity predicts time to response to omalizumab therapy in chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(3):1059–1061.
  • Kocatürk E, Can PK, Akbas PE, et al. Management of chronic inducible urticaria according to the guidelines: a prospective controlled study. J Dermatol Sci. 2017;87(1):60–69.
  • Kulthanan K, Tuchinda P, Chularojanamontri L, et al. Omalizumab therapy for treatment of recalcitrant chronic spontaneous urticaria in an Asian population. J Dermatol Treat. 2017;28(2):160–165.
  • Larrea-Baca I, Gurpegui-Resano M. Improvement in the quality of life of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria treated with omalizumab in real life. Enferm Clin. 2017;27(6):361–368.
  • Al-Ahmad M. Omalizumab therapy in three patients with chronic autoimmune urticaria. Ann Saudi Med. 2010;30(6):478.
  • Korkmaz H, Eigelshoven S, Homey B. Omalizumab for therapy-resistant chronic urticaria with angioedema. Hautarzt. 2010;61(10):828–831.
  • Ferrer M, Gamboa P, Sanz ML, et al. Omalizumab is effective in nonautoimmune urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(5):1300–1302.
  • Košnik M, Kopač P, Eržen R, et al. Omalizumab in chronic urticaria: our experience and literature review. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonnica Adriat. 2014;23(3):57–61.
  • Har D, Patel S, Khan DA. Outcomes of using omalizumab for more than 1 year in refractory chronic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;115(2):126–129.
  • Irani C, Nahas O. Real-life experience of clinical efficacy of omalizumab use in the Middle East: should we also be concerned about parasites? Clin Antiinflamm Antiallergy Drugs. 2015;2(1):43–46.
  • Seth S, Khan DA. The comparative safety of multiple alternative agents in refractory chronic urticaria patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5(1):165–170.
  • Dreyfus DH, Randolph CC. Characterization of an anaphylactoid reaction to omalizumab. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;96(4):624–627.
  • Magerl M, Staubach P, Altrichter S, et al. Effective treatment of therapy-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria with omalizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(3):665–666.
  • Godse KV. Omalizumab in treatment-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2011;56(4):444.
  • Groffik A, Mitzel-Kaoukhov H, Magerl M, et al. Omalizumab–an effective and safe treatment of therapy-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria. Allergy. 2011;66(2):303–305.
  • Saavedra MC, Sur S. Down regulation of the high-affinity IgE receptor associated with successful treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria with omalizumab. Clin Mol Allergy. 2011;9(1):2.
  • Sánchez-Machín I, Iglesias-Souto J, Franco A, et al. T cell activity in successful treatment of chronic urticaria with omalizumab. Clin Mol Allergy. 2011;9(1):11.
  • Nam YH, Kim JH, Jin HJ, et al. Effects of omalizumab treatment in patients with refractory chronic urticaria. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2012;4(6):357–361.
  • Díez LS, Tamayo LM, Cardona R. Omalizumab: therapeutic option in chronic spontaneous urticaria difficult to control with associated vasculitis, report of three cases. Biomedica. 2013;33(4):503–512.
  • Labrador-Horrillo M, Valero A, Velasco M, et al. Efficacy of omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria refractory to conventional therapy: analysis of 110 patients in real-life practice. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2013;13(9):1225–1228.
  • Lefévre AC, Deleuran M, Vestergaard C. A long term case series study of the effect of omalizumab on chronic spontaneous urticaria. Ann Dermatol. 2013;25(2):242–245.
  • Viswanathan RK, Moss MH, Mathur SK. Retrospective analysis of the efficacy of omalizumab in chronic refractory urticaria. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2013;34(5):446–452.
  • Fiorino I, Loconte F, Rucco AS, et al. Long-term treatment of refractory severe chronic urticaria by omalizumab: analysis of two cases. Postȩpy Dermatol Alergol. 2014;31(5):332.
  • Metz M, Ohanyan T, Church MK, et al. Omalizumab is an effective and rapidly acting therapy in difficult-to-treat chronic urticaria: a retrospective clinical analysis. J Dermatol Sci. 2014;73(1):57–62.
  • Rottem M, Segal R, Kivity S, et al. Omalizumab therapy for chronic spontaneous urticaria: the Israeli experience. Isr Med Assoc J. 2014;16(8):487–490.
  • Uysal P, Eller E, Mortz CG, et al. An algorithm for treating chronic urticaria with omalizumab: dose interval should be individualized. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(3):914–915.
  • Van Den Elzen MT, Rockmann H, Sanders CJG, et al. Treatment of chronic urticaria with omalizumab. Ned Tijdschr Dermatol Venereol. 2014;24(5):253–256.
  • Vieira Dos Santos R, Locks Bidese B, Rabello de Souza J, et al. Effects of omalizumab in a patient with three types of chronic urticaria. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170(2):469–471.
  • Ghazanfar MN, Thomsen SF. Successful and safe treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria with omalizumab in a woman during two consecutive pregnancies. Case Rep Med. 2015;2015:368053.
  • Klossowski N, Braun SA, Von Gruben V, et al. Acquired angioedema with C1-INH deficiency and accompanying chronic spontaneous urticaria in a patient with chronic lymphatic B cell leukemia. Hautarzt. 2015;66(10):723–725.
  • Leiva-Salinas M, Francés L, Marin-Cabanas I, et al. Effectiveness and safety of omalizumab in a patient with chronic urticaria and hepatitis C. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(5):1027–1028.
  • Lundberg C, Martinez B, Banks TA. Expanding the spectrum: chronic urticaria and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;114(4):353–354.
  • Netchiporouk E, Nguyen CH, Thuraisingham T, et al. Management of pediatric chronic spontaneous and physical urticaria patients with omalizumab: case series. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2015;26(6):585–588.
  • Savic S, Marsland A, McKay D, et al. Retrospective case note review of chronic spontaneous urticaria outcomes and adverse effects in patients treated with omalizumab or ciclosporin in UK secondary care. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2015;11(21):1–11.
  • Silva PM, Costa AC, Mendes A, et al. Long-term efficacy of omalizumab in seven patients with treatment-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2015;43(2):168–173.
  • Sussman G, Gonçalo M, Sánchez-Borges M. Treatment dilemmas in chronic urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(S3):33–37.
  • Wieder S, Maurer M, Lebwohl M. Treatment of severely recalcitrant chronic spontaneous urticaria: a discussion of relevant issues. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015;16(1):19–26.
  • Bongiorno MR, Crimi N, Corrao S, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria in clinical practice. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;117(6):703–707.
  • Cuervo-Pardo L, Barcena-Blanch M, Radojicic C. Omalizumab use during pregnancy for CIU: a tertiary care experience. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;48(4):145–146.
  • Dawicka J, Wilkowska A, Grubska-Suchanek E, et al. Omalizumab in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria–literature review and own experience. Przegl Dermatol. 2016;103(1):64–70.
  • Ensina LF, Valle SO, Juliani AP, et al. Omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria: a Brazilian real-life experience. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2016;169(2):121–124.
  • Ertaş R, Özyurt K, Yıldız S, et al. Adverse reaction to omalizumab in patients with chronic urticaria: flare up or ineffectiveness? Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;15(1):82–86.
  • Ghazanfar MN, Sand C, Thomsen SF. Effectiveness and safety of omalizumab in chronic spontaneous or inducible urticaria: evaluation of 154 patients. Br J Dermatology. 2016;175(2):404–406.
  • Gozdzik-Spychalska J, Rzymkowska M, Batura-Gabryel H. Chronic urticaria in a patient with severe atopic asthma-double benefit from treatment with omalizumab. Pol J Allergol. 2016;3:S28–S30.
  • Kasperska-Zajac A, Jarząb J, Żerdzińska A, et al. Effective treatment of different phenotypes of chronic urticaria with omalizumab: case reports and review of literature. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2016;29(2):320–328.
  • Olszowiec-Chlebna M, Sztafińska A, Stelmach I. Teenager suffered from idiopathic anaphylaxis and chronic spontaneous urticaria successfully treated with omalizumab: a case report. Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol. 2016;29(1):53–55.
  • Osmenda G, Jasiewicz-Honkisz B. Severe asthma-biological treatment with omalizumab-case report. Pol J Allergol. 2016;3:S26–S27.
  • Palacios T, Stillman L, Borish L, et al. Lack of basophil CD203c-upregulating activity as an immunological marker to predict response to treatment with omalizumab in patients with symptomatic chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(3):529.
  • Shahzad H. A case of refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria treated with omalizumab. J Pakistan Assoc Dermatol. 2016;26(3):276–278.
  • Wilches P, Wilches P, Calderon JC, et al. Omalizumab for chronic urticaria in Latin America. World Allergy Organ J. 2016;9(1):36.
  • Asero R, Marzano AV, Ferrucci S, et al. D-dimer plasma levels parallel the clinical response to omalizumab in patients with severe chronic spontaneous urticaria. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2017;172(1):40–44.
  • Chicharro P, Rodríguez-Jiménez P, De Argila D. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in a patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria and active hepatitis B virus infection. Actas Dermosifiliogr (English Edition). 2017;108(4):383–384.
  • Deza G, Bertolín-Colilla M, Pujol RM, et al. Basophil FcεRI expression in chronic spontaneous urticaria: a potential immunological predictor of response to omalizumab therapy. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(6):698–704.
  • González-Medina M, Curto-Barredo L, Labrador-Horrillo M, et al. Omalizumab use during pregnancy for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU): report of two cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(5):e245–e246.
  • Iemoli E, Niero F, Borgonovo L, et al. Successful omalizumab treatment in HIV positive patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria: a case report. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;49(2):88.
  • Marín-Cabañas I, Berbegal-De Gracia L, De León-Marrero F, et al. Management of chronic spontaneous urticaria in routine clinical practice following the EAACI/GA (2) LEN/EDF/WAO guidelines. Actas Dermosifiliogr (English Edition). 2017;108(4):346–353.
  • Pinto Gouveia M, Gameiro A, Pinho A, et al. Long-term management of chronic spontaneous urticaria with omalizumab. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2017;42(7):735–742.
  • Porcaro F, Di Marco A, Cutrera R. Omalizumab in patient with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52(5):e26–e28.
  • Türk M, Yılmaz I, Bahçecioğlu SN. Treatment and retreatment with omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria: real life experience with twenty-five patients. Allergol Int. 2018;67(1):85–89. First identified in search as e-pub ahead of print : 2017 May 26. DOI:10.1016/j.alit.2017.05.003
  • Büyüköztürk S, Gelincik A, Demirtürk M, et al. Omalizumab markedly improves urticaria activity scores and quality of life scores in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients: a real life survey. J Dermatol. 2012;39(5):439–442.
  • Metz M, Ohanyan T, Church MK, et al. Retreatment with omalizumab results in rapid remission in chronic spontaneous and inducible urticaria. JAMA Dermatol. 2014;150(3):288–290.
  • Sussman G, Hébert J, Barron C, et al. Real-life experiences with omalizumab for the treatment of chronic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014;112(2):170–174.
  • Alhossan A, Lee CS, MacDonald K, et al. “Real-life” effectiveness studies of omalizumab in patients with severe allergic asthma: meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5:1362–1370.
  • Asero R. ACE inhibitors may interfere with omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(8):e358–e359.
  • Wang L, Ke X, Kavati A, et al. Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes of omalizumab use in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018;34(1):35–39.
  • Maurer M, Raap U, Staubach P, et al. Hospital compared to private practice dermatologist treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria: baseline characteristics and treatment patterns from the German AWARE (A World-wide Antihistamine-Refractory Chronic Urticaria Patient Evaluation) study. Allergy. 2016;71(Suppl. 102):184.
  • Thomsen SF, Pritzier EC, Anderson CD, et al. Chronic urticaria in the real-life clinical practice setting in Sweden, Norway and Denmark: baseline results from the non-interventional multicentre AWARE study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(6):1048–1055.
  • Mosteller F. Improving research methodology. In: Sechrest L, Perrin E, Bunker J, editors. Research Methodology: Strengthening Causal Interpretations of Nonexperimental Data (Conference Proceedings, Tucson, AZ, 8–10 April 1987; PHS Report 90-3454). Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1990. Available on CD-ROM from the National Technical Information Service. Springfield, VA; 1987:221–230. PB90-101387.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.