237
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Surgical approaches for the treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

, &
Pages 673-683 | Received 13 Feb 2018, Accepted 02 May 2018, Published online: 11 May 2018

References

  • Lewis HL, Rahnemai-Azar AA, Dillhoff M, et al. Current management of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and future perspectives. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2017;112(3):193–207.
  • Altemeier WA, Gall EA, Zinninger MM, et al. Sclerosing carcinoma of the major intrahepatic bile ducts. AMA Arch Surg. 1957;75(3): 450–460. discussion 460-451.
  • Klatskin G. Adenocarcinoma of the hepatic duct at its bifurcation within the porta hepatis: an unusual tumor with distinctive clinical and pathologic features. Am J Med. 1965;38:241–256.
  • Groot Koerkamp B, Fong Y. Outcomes in biliary malignancy. J Surg Oncol. 2014;110(5):585–591.
  • Igami T, Nishio H, Ebata T, et al. Surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the “new era”: the Nagoya University experience. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010;17(4):449–454.
  • Nagino M, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, et al. Evolution of surgical treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a single-center 34-year review of 574 consecutive resections. Ann Surg. 2013;258(1):129–140.
  • Groot Koerkamp B, Wiggers JK, Allen PJ, et al. Recurrence rate and pattern of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative intent resection. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;221(6):1041–1049.
  • De Jong MC, Marques H, Clary BM, et al. The impact of portal vein resection on outcomes for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis of 305 cases. Cancer. 2012;118(19):4737–4747.
  • Blechacz B. Cholangiocarcinoma: current knowledge and new developments. Gut Liver. 2017;11(1):13–26.
  • Rizvi S, Khan SA, Hallemeier CL, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma - evolving concepts and therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2017;15:95–111.
  • Ali AH, Tabibian JH, Naser-Ghodsi N, et al. Surveillance for hepatobiliary cancers in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2017, December 15.
  • Burak K, Angulo P, Pasha TM, et al. Incidence and risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(3):523–526.
  • De Groen PC. Cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis: who is at risk and how do we screen? Hepatology. 2000;31: 247–248. United States.
  • Lee JY, Kim JS, Moon JM, et al. Incidence of Cholangiocarcinoma with or without previous resection of liver for hepatolithiasis. Gut Liver. 2013;7(4):475–479.
  • Soares KC, Arnaoutakis DJ, Kamel I, et al. Choledochal cysts: presentation, clinical differentiation, and management. J Am Coll Surg. 2014;219(6):1167–1180.
  • Lee BS, Cha BH, Park EC, et al. Risk factors for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a hospital-based case-control study. Liver Int. 2015;35(3):1048–1053.
  • Wadsworth CA, Lim A, Taylor-Robinson SD, et al. The risk factors and diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatol Int. 2013;7(2):377–393.
  • Cloyd JM, Chun YS, Ikoma N, et al. Clinical and genetic implications of DNA mismatch repair deficiency in biliary tract cancers associated with lynch syndrome. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2018;49(1):93–96.
  • Schlitter AM, Born D, Bettstetter M, et al. Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct: stepwise progression to carcinoma involves common molecular pathways. Mod Pathol. 2014;27(1):73–86.
  • Kongpetch S, Jusakul A, Ong CK, et al. Pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma: from genetics to signalling pathways. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2015;29(2):233–244.
  • Jarnagin WR, Fong Y, DeMatteo RP, et al. Staging, resectability, and outcome in 225 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2001;234(4):507–517. discussion 517-509.
  • Friesen BR, Gibson RN, Speer T, et al. Lobar and segmental liver atrophy associated with hilar cholangiocarcinoma and the impact of hilar biliary anatomical variants: a pictorial essay. Insights Imaging. 2011;2(5):525–531.
  • Patel AH, Harnois DM, Klee GG, et al. The utility of CA 19-9 in the diagnoses of cholangiocarcinoma in patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95(1):204–207.
  • Poruk KE, Pawlik TM, Weiss MJ. Perioperative management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015;19(10):1889–1899.
  • Sakamoto E, Nimura Y, Hayakawa N, et al. The pattern of infiltration at the proximal border of hilar bile duct carcinoma: a histologic analysis of 62 resected cases. Ann Surg. 1998;227(3):405–411.
  • Castellano-Megias VM, Ibarrola-De Andres C, Colina-Ruizdelgado F. Pathological aspects of so called “hilar cholangiocarcinoma”. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2013;5(7):159–170.
  • Zaydfudim VM, Rosen CB, Nagorney DM. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2014;23(2):247–263.
  • Jarnagin WR, Bowne W, Klimstra DS, et al. Papillary phenotype confers improved survival after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2005;241(5):703–712. discussion 712-704.
  • Longmire WP Jr. Tumors of the extrahepatic biliary radicals. Curr Probl Cancer. 1976;1(2):1–45.
  • Ramos E. Principles of surgical resection in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2013;5(7):139–146.
  • Groot Koerkamp B, Wiggers JK, Gonen M, et al. Survival after resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma-development and external validation of a prognostic nomogram. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(9):1930–1935.
  • Buettner S, Van Vugt JL, Gani F, et al. A comparison of prognostic schemes for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg. 2016;20(10):1716–1724.
  • Chaiteerakij R, Harmsen WS, Marrero CR, et al. A new clinically based staging system for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(12):1881–1890.
  • Chen P, Li B, Zhu Y, et al. Establishment and validation of a prognostic nomogram for patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget. 2016;7(24):37319–37330.
  • Bismuth H, Nakache R, Diamond T. Management strategies in resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 1992;215(1):31–38.
  • Paul A, Kaiser GM, Molmenti EP, et al. Klatskin tumors and the accuracy of the Bismuth-Corlette classification. Am Surg. 2011;77(12):1695–1699.
  • AJCC. Cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2010.
  • Zaydfudim VM, Clark CJ, Kendrick ML, et al. Correlation of staging systems to survival in patients with resected hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Surg. 2013;206(2):159–165.
  • Kwon W, Jang JY, Chang YR, et al. Suggestions for improving perihilar cholangiocarcinoma staging based on an evaluation of the seventh edition AJCC system. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015;19(4):666–674.
  • AJCC. Cancer staging manual. 8th ed. New York: Springer; 2017.
  • Engelbrecht MR, Katz SS, Van Gulik TM, et al. Imaging of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;204(4):782–791.
  • Mansour JC, Aloia TA, Crane CH, et al. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: expert consensus statement. HPB (Oxford). 2015;17(8):691–699.
  • Rerknimitr R, Angsuwatcharakon P, Ratanachu-Ek T, et al. Asia-Pacific consensus recommendations for endoscopic and interventional management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;28(4):593–607.
  • Aloia TA, Charnsangavej C, Faria S, et al. High-resolution computed tomography accurately predicts resectability in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Surg. 2007;193(6):702–706.
  • Rauws EA, Kloek JJ, Gouma DJ, et al. Staging of cholangiocarcinoma: the role of endoscopy. HPB (Oxford). 2008;10(2):110–112.
  • Heimbach JK, Sanchez W, Rosen CB, et al. Trans-peritoneal fine needle aspiration biopsy of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is associated with disease dissemination. HPB (Oxford). 2011;13(5):356–360.
  • Olthof PB, Wiggers JK, Groot Koerkamp B, et al. Postoperative liver failure risk score: identifying patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who can benefit from portal vein embolization. J Am Coll Surg. 2017;225(3):387–394.
  • Watanabe Y, Kuboki S, Shimizu H, et al. A new proposal of criteria for the future remnant liver volume in older patients undergoing major hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer. Ann Surg. 2018;267(2):338–345.
  • Higuchi R, Yamamoto M. Indications for portal vein embolization in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2014;21(8):542–549.
  • Van Mierlo KM, Schaap FG, Dejong CH, et al. Liver resection for cancer: new developments in prediction, prevention and management of postresectional liver failure. J Hepatol. 2016;65(6):1217–1231.
  • Christ B, Dahmen U, Herrmann KH, et al. Computational modeling in liver surgery. Front Physiol. 2017;8:906.
  • Glantzounis GK, Tokidis E, Basourakos SP, et al. The role of portal vein embolization in the surgical management of primary hepatobiliary cancers. A systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017;43(1):32–41.
  • Schnitzbauer AA, Lang SA, Goessmann H, et al. Right portal vein ligation combined with in situ splitting induces rapid left lateral liver lobe hypertrophy enabling 2-staged extended right hepatic resection in small-for-size settings. Ann Surg. 2012;255(3):405–414.
  • Olthof PB, Coelen RJS, Wiggers JK, et al. High mortality after ALPPS for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: case-control analysis including the first series from the international ALPPS registry. HPB (Oxford). 2017;19(5):381–387.
  • Lang H, De Santibanes E, Clavien PA. Outcome of ALPPS for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: case-control analysis including the first series from the international ALPPS registry. HPB (Oxford). 2017;19(5):379–380.
  • Iacono C, Ruzzenente A, Campagnaro T, et al. Role of preoperative biliary drainage in jaundiced patients who are candidates for pancreatoduodenectomy or hepatic resection: highlights and drawbacks. Ann Surg. 2013;257(2):191–204.
  • Kennedy TJ, Yopp A, Qin Y, et al. Role of preoperative biliary drainage of liver remnant prior to extended liver resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford). 2009;11(5):445–451.
  • Zhang XF, Beal EW, Merath K, et al. Oncologic effects of preoperative biliary drainage in resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: percutaneous biliary drainage has no adverse effects on survival. J Surg Oncol. 2017, December 4.
  • Celotti A, Solaini L, Montori G, et al. Preoperative biliary drainage in hilar cholangiocarcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017;43(9):1628–1635.
  • Al Mahjoub A, Menahem B, Fohlen A, et al. Preoperative biliary drainage in patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: is percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage safer and more effective than endoscopic biliary drainage? A meta-analysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017;28(4):576–582.
  • Kawashima H, Itoh A, Ohno E, et al. Preoperative endoscopic nasobiliary drainage in 164 consecutive patients with suspected perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective study of efficacy and risk factors related to complications. Ann Surg. 2013;257(1):121–127.
  • Grendar J, Grendarova P, Sinha R, et al. Neoadjuvant therapy for downstaging of locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review. HPB (Oxford). 2014;16(4):297–303.
  • Kato A, Shimizu H, Ohtsuka M, et al. Surgical resection after downsizing chemotherapy for initially unresectable locally advanced biliary tract cancer: a retrospective single-center study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20(1):318–324.
  • Katayose Y, Rikiyama T, Motoi F, et al. Phase I trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiation with gemcitabine and surgical resection for cholangiocarcinoma patients (NACRAC study). Hepatogastroenterology. 2011;58(112):1866–1872.
  • Ruys AT, Busch OR, Gouma DJ, et al. Staging laparoscopy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: is it still worthwhile? Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18(9):2647–2653.
  • Coelen RJ, Ruys AT, Besselink MG, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of staging laparoscopy for detecting metastasized or locally advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc. 2016;30(10):4163–4173.
  • Chen XP, Lau WY, Huang ZY, et al. Extent of liver resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg. 2009;96(10):1167–1175.
  • Lim JH, Choi GH, Choi SH, et al. Liver resection for Bismuth type I and type II hilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Surg. 2013;37(4):829–837.
  • Ikeyama T, Nagino M, Oda K, et al. Surgical approach to bismuth Type I and II hilar cholangiocarcinomas: audit of 54 consecutive cases. Ann Surg. 2007;246(6):1052–1057.
  • Shimizu H, Sawada S, Kimura F, et al. Clinical significance of biliary vascular anatomy of the right liver for hilar cholangiocarcinoma applied to left hemihepatectomy. Ann Surg. 2009;249(3):435–439.
  • Hosokawa I, Shimizu H, Yoshidome H, et al. Surgical strategy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma of the left-side predominance: current role of left trisectionectomy. Ann Surg. 2014;259(6):1178–1185.
  • Shimizu H, Kimura F, Yoshidome H, et al. Aggressive surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma of the left-side predominance: radicality and safety of left-sided hepatectomy. Ann Surg. 2010;251(2):281–286.
  • Hirano S, Tanaka E, Shichinohe T, et al. Treatment strategy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, with special reference to the limits of ductal resection in right-sided hepatectomies. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007;14(5):429–433.
  • Hirose T, Igami T, Ebata T, et al. Surgical and radiological studies on the length of the hepatic ducts. World J Surg. 2015;39(12):2983–2989.
  • Bhutiani N, Scoggins CR, McMasters KM, et al. The impact of caudate lobe resection on margin status and outcomes in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis from the US extrahepatic biliary malignancy consortium. Surgery. 2018;163:726–731.
  • Wahab MA, Sultan AM, Salah T, et al. Caudate lobe resection with major hepatectomy for central cholangiocarcinoma: is it of value? Hepatogastroenterology. 2012;59(114):321–324.
  • Matsumoto N, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, et al. Role of anatomical right hepatic trisectionectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg. 2014;101(3):261–268.
  • Natsume S, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, et al. Clinical significance of left trisectionectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: an appraisal and comparison with left hepatectomy. Ann Surg. 2012;255(4):754–762.
  • Schimizzi GV, Jin LX, JTt D, et al. Outcomes after vascular resection during curative-intent resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a multi-institution study from the US extrahepatic biliary malignancy consortium. HPB (Oxford). 2018;20(4):332-339.
  • Abbas S, Sandroussi C. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of vascular resection in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford). 2013;15(7):492–503.
  • Hakeem AR, Marangoni G, Chapman SJ, et al. Does the extent of lymphadenectomy, number of lymph nodes, positive lymph node ratio and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio impact surgical outcome of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;26(9):1047–1054.
  • Ito K, Ito H, Allen PJ, et al. Adequate lymph node assessment for extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2010;251(4):675–681.
  • Kambakamba P, Linecker M, Slankamenac K, et al. Lymph node dissection in resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review. Am J Surg. 2015;210(4):694–701.
  • Neuhaus P, Jonas S, Bechstein WO, et al. Extended resections for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 1999;230(6):808–818. discussion 819.
  • Neuhaus P, Thelen A, Jonas S, et al. Oncological superiority of hilar en bloc resection for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(5):1602–1608.
  • Shingu Y, Ebata T, Nishio H, et al. Clinical value of additional resection of a margin-positive proximal bile duct in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surgery. 2010;147(1):49–56.
  • Goldaracena N, Gorgen A, Sapisochin G. Current status of liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2018;24(2):294–303.
  • Darwish Murad S, Kim WR, Harnois DM, et al. Efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation, followed by liver transplantation, for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma at 12 US centers. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(1):88–98. e83; quiz e14.
  • Rosen CB, Darwish Murad S, Heimbach JK, et al. Neoadjuvant therapy and liver transplantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: is pretreatment pathological confirmation of diagnosis necessary? J Am Coll Surg. 2012;215(1): 31–38. discussion 38-40.
  • Prabhu RS, Hwang J. Adjuvant therapy in biliary tract and gall bladder carcinomas: a review. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2017;8(2):302–313.
  • McNamara MG, Walter T, Horgan AM, et al. Outcome of adjuvant therapy in biliary tract cancers. Am J Clin Oncol. 2015;38(4):382–387.
  • Horgan AM, Amir E, Walter T, et al. Adjuvant therapy in the treatment of biliary tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(16):1934–1940.
  • Krasnick BA, Jin LX, Davidson J, et al. Adjuvant therapy is associated with improved survival after curative resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A multi-institution analysis from the U.S. extrahepatic biliary malignancy consortium. J Surg Oncol. 2018;117(3):363-371.
  • Edeline J, Bonnetain F, Phelip JM, et al. Gemox versus surveillance following surgery of localized biliary tract cancer: results of the PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18 (UNICANCER GI) phase III trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2017;35(4_suppl):225.
  • Primrose JN, Fox R, Palmer DH, et al. Adjuvant capecitabine for biliary tract cancer: the BILCAP randomized study. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2017;35(15_suppl):4006.
  • Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, et al. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(14):1273–1281.
  • Valle JW, Lamarca A, Goyal L, et al. New horizons for precision medicine in biliary tract cancers. Cancer Discov. 2017;7(9):943–962.
  • Waseem D, Tushar P. Intrahepatic, perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma: management and outcomes. Ann Hepatol. 2017;16(1):133–139.
  • Ebata T, Kosuge T, Hirano S, et al. Proposal to modify the international union against cancer staging system for perihilar cholangiocarcinomas. Br J Surg. 2014;101(2):79–88.
  • Matsuo K, Rocha FG, Ito K, et al. The Blumgart preoperative staging system for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: analysis of resectability and outcomes in 380 patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2012;215(3):343–355.
  • Aoba T, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, et al. Assessment of nodal status for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: location, number, or ratio of involved nodes. Ann Surg. 2013;257(4):718–725.
  • Endo I, House MG, Klimstra DS, et al. Clinical significance of intraoperative bile duct margin assessment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(8):2104–2112.
  • Kohya N, Miyazaki K, Matsukura S, et al. Deficient expression of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase combined with mismatch-repair proteins hMLH1 and hMSH2 is related to poor prognosis in human biliary tract carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9(4):371–379.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.