Point-of-care tests: the key to reducing antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections in primary care?

References

• Public Health England. English surveillance programme for antimicrobial utilisation and resistance (ESPAUR), 2019 to 2020. Public Health England. p. 42.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. Health at a Glance 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Goossens H, Ferech M, van der Stichel R, et al. Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study. Lancet. 2005;365(9459):579–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOV.UK. Tackling antimicrobial resistance 2019–2024. The UK’s five-year national action plan. Department of Health and Social Care. 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Ferkol T, Schraufnagel D The global burden of respiratory disease. 2325–6621. (Electronic).
   Google Scholar
• Pouwels KB, Dolk FCK, Smith DRM, et al. Actual versus ‘ideal’ antibiotic prescribing for common conditions in English primary care. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018;73(suppl_2):19–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smieszek T, Pouwels KB, Dolk FCK, et al. Potential for reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in English primary care. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018;73(suppl_2):ii36–43. DOI:10.1093/jac/dkx500
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ashworth M, Cox K, Latinovic R, et al. Why has antibiotic prescribing for respiratory illness declined in primary care? A longitudinal study using the General Practice Research Database. J Public Health. 2004;26(3):268–274.
   Google Scholar
• Cabral C, Lucas PJ, Ingram J, et al. “It’s safer to …” parent consulting and clinician antibiotic prescribing decisions for children with respiratory tract infections: an analysis across four qualitative studies. Soc Sci Med. 2015;136-137:136–137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellcome. The Global Response to AMR: momentum, success, and critical gaps 2020. Available from: https://wellcome.org/sites/default/files/wellcome-global-response-amr-report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• O’Neill J. Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: final report and recommendations. Review On Antimicrobial Resistance. 2016.
   Google Scholar
• van der Velden AW, van de Pol AC, Bongard E, et al. Point-of-care testing, antibiotic prescribing, and prescribing confidence for respiratory tract infections in primary care: a prospective audit in 18 European countries. BJGP Open. 2022;6(2): BJGPO.2021.0212. DOI:10.3399/BJGPO.2021.0212
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thornton HV, Khalid T, Hay AD. Point-of-care testing for respiratory infections during and after COVID-19. Br J Gen Pract. 2020;70(701):574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalid T-O, Duncan LJ, Thornton HV, et al. Novel multi-virus rapid respiratory microbiological point-of-care testing in primary care: a mixed-methods feasibility evaluation. Fam Pract. 2021; Sep 25;38(5):598–605. DOI:10.1093/fampra/cmab002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler CC, van der Velden AW, Bongard E, et al. Oseltamivir plus usual care versus usual care for influenza-like illness in primary care: an open-label, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. ( 1474-547X (Electronic)).
   Google Scholar
• Othman AM, Assayaghi RM, Al-Shami HZ, et al. Asymptomatic carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes among school children in Sana’a city, Yemen. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):339.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thornton HV, Hay AD, Redmond NM, et al. Throat swabs in children with respiratory tract infection: associations with clinical presentation and potential targets for point-of-care testing. Fam Pract. 2017;34(4):407–415. DOI:10.1093/fampra/cmw136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhedin S, Lindstrand A, Rotzen-Ostlund M, et al. Clinical utility of PCR for common viruses in acute respiratory illness. Pediatrics. 2014;133(3):e538–45. DOI:10.1542/peds.2013-3042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Chen R, Wu T, et al. Association between point-of-care CRP testing and antibiotic prescribing in respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary care studies. Br J Gen Pract. 2013;63(616):e787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minnaard MC, van de Pol AC, de Groot JA, et al. The added diagnostic value of five different C-reactive protein point-of-care test devices in detecting pneumonia in primary care: a nested case-control study. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2015;75(4):291–295. DOI:10.3109/00365513.2015.1006136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders S, Barnett A, Correa-Velez I, et al. Systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein to detect bacterial infection in nonhospitalized infants and children with fever. J Paediatr. 2008;153(4):570–4.e3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlton HC, Savović J, Dawson S, et al. Novel point-of-care biomarker combination tests to differentiate acute bacterial from viral respiratory tract infections to guide antibiotic prescribing: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(8):1096–1108. DOI:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar