What does it mean to be a Christian nationalist in Meiji Japan?: Religion, nationalism and the state

References

• Breen, J., and M. Teeuwen. A New History of Shinto. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Abe, T. Can Religion Overcome the State?: An Examination of Modern Japan [『宗教は国家を超えられるか:近代日本の検証』]. Tokyo: Chikuma-Shobo, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Agency for Cultural Affairs of Japan. Religion Yearbook, 2022 [宗教年鑑 令和, 4年版]. Tokyo: Agency for Cultural Affairs of Japan, 2022. https://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/hakusho_nenjihokokusho/shukyo_nenkan/pdf/r04nenkan.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Akae, T. ‘The Politics of the <hesitating> Body: Uchimura Kanzō’s Lese Majesty Incident or the Relationship between the State’s Ritual Space and the <collective> Body’. The Annual Review of Sociology no. 17 (2004): 1–14 [赤江達也, 「<ためらう>身体の政治学:内村鑑三不敬事件, あるいは国家の儀式空間と<集合的>身体·論」, 『年報社会学論集』, no. 17: 1–14].
   Google Scholar
• Akae, T. ‘Uchimura Kanzō and His “Two J’s”: The Genealogy of Christian Nationalism’. Shisō no. 1179 (2022): 6–21 [赤江達也, 「内村鑑三と『二つのJ』:キリスト教ナショナリズムの系譜」, 『思想』, no. 1179: 6–21].
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, B. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (Revised Edition). London: Verso, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Breen, J. ‘Beyond the Prohibition: Christianity in Restoration Japan’. In Japan and Christianity: Impacts and Responses, ed. J. Breen and M. Williams, 75–93. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Breen, J., and M. Williams. ‘Introduction’. In Japan and Christianity: Impacts and Responses, ed. J. Breen and M. Williams, 1–7. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Breuilly, J. Nationalism and the State. 2nd ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, J. ‘Civil Religion’. Sociological Analysis 31, no. 2 (1970): 66–77. doi:10.2307/3710057.
   Google Scholar
• Devine, R. ‘Hirata Atsutane and Christian Sources’. Monumenta Nipponica 36, no. 1 (1981): 37–54. doi:10.2307/2384086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doak, K. ‘Narrating China, Ordering East Asia: The Discourse of Nation and Ethnicity in Imperial Japan’. In Constructing Nationhood in Modern East Asia, ed. K.-W. Chow, K. Doak, and P. Fu, 85–113. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Elison, G. Deus Destroyed: The Image of Christianity in Early Modern Japan. Cambridge, MT: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Fujita, N. Japan’s Encounter with Christianity: The Catholic Mission in Pre-Modern Japan. New York, NY: Paulist Press, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Gellner, E. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Giddens, A. The Nation-State and Violence. Polity Press: Cambridge, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, C. Nationalism: A Religion. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Hobsbawm, E. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Howes, J.F. ‘Christian Prophecy in Japan: Uchimura Kanzo’. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 34, no. 1 (2007): 127–50.
   Google Scholar
• Ichijo, A. Nationalism and Multiple Modernities: Europe and Beyond. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Jeurgensmeyer, M. The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular States. Berkley, CA: University of California Press, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Kedourie, E. Nationalism (Forth, Expanded Edition). Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Keene, D. ‘Hirata Atsutane and Western Learning’. T’oung Pao 42, no. 1 (1953): 353–80. doi:10.1163/156853253X00147.
   Google Scholar
• Kibe, T. ‘The Irony of Secular nation-building in Japanese Modernity: Inoue Kowashi and Fukuzawa Yukichi’. In Religion and Nationalism in Asia, ed. G. Shani and T. Kibe, 79–93. London: Routledge, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Krämer, H.M. ‘How “Religion” Came to Be Translated as Shukyō: Shimaji Mokurai and the Appropriation of Religion in Early Meiji Japan’. Japan Review: Journal of the Intercultural Research Center for Japanese Studies 25 (2013): 89–111.
   Google Scholar
• Manela, E. The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anti-Colonial Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Mayall, J. Nationalism and International Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. ‘Japan-Portugal Relations (Basic Data)’, n.d. Accessed May 11, 2023. https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/europe/portugal/data.html#:~:text=The%20first%20contact%20between%20Japan,boat%20was%20blown%20off%20course.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, J.H. ‘The Legacy of Peter Yoshirō Saeki: Evidence of Christianity before the Arrival of Europeans’. Journal of Academic Perspectives no. 2 (2016). https://www.journalofacademicperspectives.com/back-issues/volume-2016/volume-2016-no–2/.
   Google Scholar
• Nakai, K.W. ‘Between Secularity, Shrines, and Protestantism: Catholic Higher Education in Prewar Japan’. Japan Review: Journal of the Intercultural Research Center for Japanese Studies, 30 (2017): 97–127.
   Google Scholar
• Nirei, Y. ‘Toward a Modern Belief: Modern Protestantism and Problems of National Religion in Meiji Japan’. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 34, no. 1 (2007): 151–75.
   Google Scholar
• Oshiro, G. ‘Nitobe Inazō and the Sapporo Band: Reflections on the Dawn of Protestant Christianity in Early Meiji Japan’. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 34, no. 1 (2007): 99–126.
   Google Scholar
• Paramore, K. Ideology and Christianity in Japan. London: Routledge, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Saitō, T. ‘The Formation of the Foundation of the Modern Theocratic State and the Separation of Church and State’. Shukyo Kenkyu 92, no. 2 (2018): 55–79.
   Google Scholar
• Sakamoto, K. Early Modern and Modern Shintō. Tokyo: Kōbundō, 2007 [ 坂本是丸『近世·近代神道論考』東京:弘文堂].
   Google Scholar
• Shibuya, H., and S. Chiba. ‘Editors’ Preface’. In Living for Jesus and Japan: The Social and Theological Thought of Uchimura Kanzō, edited by H. Shibuya, and S. Chiba, vii–xii. Grand Rapids, MI: Willam B. Eerdermans Publishing, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Shields, J.M. ‘Immanent Frames: Meiji New Buddhism, Pantheism, and the “Religious Secular” ’. Japan Review: Journal of the Intercultural Research Center for Japanese Studies 30, (2017): 79–95.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism. London: Routledge, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History. Oxford: Polity, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. Chosen Peoples: Sacred Sources of National Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, S., ed. Religion Overcoming the State. Osaka: Tōhō-shuppan, 2016 [田中滋 (編) 『国家を超える宗教』, 大阪:東方出版].
   Google Scholar
• Thelle, N. ‘The Christian Encounter with Japanese Buddhism’. In Handbook of Christianity in Japan, ed. M. Mullins, 227–247. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
   Google Scholar