Detection of sarin in plasma of rats after inhalation intoxication

References

• Augerson WS. Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents. A Review of the Scientific Literature as it Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses. Santa Monica. Rand Corporation (NBN), California 2000; 99–103
   Google Scholar
• Polhuijs M, Langenberg JP, Benschop HP. New method for retrospective detection of exposure to organophosphorus anticholinesterases: Application to alleged sarin victims of Japanese terrorists. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997; 146: 156–161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coye MJ, Lowe JA, Maddy KJ. Biological monitoring of agricultural workers exposed to pesticides: II. Monitoring of intact pesticides and their metabolites. J Occup Med 1986; 28: 628–636
   Google Scholar
• Kaliste-Korhonen E, Tuovinen K, Hanninen O. Interspecies differences in enzymes reacting with organophosphates and their inhibition by paraoxon in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 1996; 15: 972–978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockridge O, Masson P. Pesticides and susceptible populations: People with butyrylcholinesterase genetic variants may be at risk. Neurotoxicol. 2000; 21: 113–126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell DM, Brecht KM, O'Neill B. The effect of carboxylesterase inhibition on interspecies differences in soman toxicity. Toxicol Lett 1987; 39: 35–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerasoli DM, Maxwell DM, Lenz DE. Generation of genetically modified mice with low serum carboxylesterase activity. NATO TG-004 Meeting; 2000 October 2-5, Rijswijk.
   Google Scholar
• Doctor BP, Maxwell DM, Ashani Y, Saxena A, Gordon RK. New approaches to medical protection against chemical warfare nerve agents. Chemical warfare agents: Toxicity at low levels, SM Somani, JA Romano, Jr. CRC Press, New York 2001; 191–214
   Google Scholar
• Van der Schans MJ, Degenhardt CEAM, Polhuijs M, Langenberg JP, Benschop HP. Diagnosis and verification of exposure to organophosphorus compounds. NATO TG-004 Meeting; 2000 October 2-5, Rijswijk.
   Google Scholar
• Van Helden HPM, Trap HC, Oostdijk JP, Kuijpers WC, Langenberg JP, Benschop HP. Long-term, low-level exposure of guinea pigs and marmosets to sarin vapor in air: Lowest observable effect level. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003; 189: 170–179
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sevelova L, Vachek J, Bajgar J. Inhalation apparatus for generating sarin and soman vapors. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2003; 46: 157–161
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sevelova L, Bajgar J, Saxena A, Doctor BP. Protective effect of equine butyrylcholinesterase in inhalation intoxication of rats with sarin: Determination of blood and brain cholinesterase activities. Inhal. Toxicol. 2004; 16: 531–536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Featherstone RM. A new rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1961; 7: 88–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black RM, Harrison JM, Read RW. The interaction of sarin and soman with plasma proteins: The identification of a novel phosphonylation site. Arch Toxicol 1999; 73: 123–126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karanth S, Pope C. Carboxylesterase and A-esterase activities during maturation and aging: Relationship to the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and parathion in rats. Toxicol Sci 2000; 58: 282–289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang ZP, Dettbarn W. Prevention of tolerance to the organophosphorus anticholinesterase paraoxon with carboxylesterase inhibitors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1998; 55: 1419–1426
   Google Scholar
• Mioduszewski R, Manthei J, Way R, Burnett D, Gaviola B, Muse W, Thomson S, Sommerville D, Crosier R. Interaction of exposure concentration and duration in determining acute toxic effects of sarin vapor in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 2002; 66: 177–184
   Google Scholar
• Sterri SH, Fonnum F. Carboxylesterase- the soman scavanger in rodents; heterogeneity and hormonal influence. Enzymes hydrolyzing organophosphorus compounds. Chichester, E Reiner, WN Aldridge, FCG Hoski. Ellis Horwood Publishing, U.K. 1989; 155–164
   Google Scholar
• Jensen FS, Skovgaard LT, Virby-Mogensen J. Identification of human plasma cholinesterase variants in 688 individuals using biochemical analysis. Acta Anaesthiol. Scand. 1995; 39: 157–162
   Google Scholar
• Clement JG. Importance of aliesterase as a detoxification mechanism for soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) in mice. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1984; 33: 3807–3811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajgar J, Kassa J, Fusek J. Diagnostic validity of different biochemical parameters following organophospate poisoning. 6th International Symposium on Protection Against Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents; 1998 May 10-15; Stockholm, p. 185-188.
   Google Scholar
• Shih ML, McMonagle JD, Dolzine T, Gresham VC. Metabolite pharmacokinetics of soman, sarin and GF in rats and biological monitoring of exposure to toxic organophosphorus agents. J. Appl. Toxicol. 1994; 14: 195–199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aygun D, Doganay Z, Altintop L, Guven H, Onar M, Deniz T, Sunter T. Serum acetylcholinesterase and prognosis of acute organophosphate poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002; 40: 903–910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajgar J. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in different parts of the rat brain by isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate; in vitro and in vivo experiments. Biochem Pharmacol 1972; 21: 687–694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maekawa K. The sarin poisoning incident in Tokyo subway. 5th International Symposium on Protection Against Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents; 1995 June 11-16; Stockholm. p 31-37.
   Google Scholar