Functional constituents of wild and cultivated Goji (L. barbarum L.) leaves: phytochemical characterization, biological profile, and computational studies

References

• Abuajah CI, Ogbonna AC, Osuji CM. Functional components and medicinal properties of food: a review. J Food Sci Technol 2014;52:2522–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mašković PZ, Diamanto LD, Vujic JM, et al. Onosma aucheriana: a source of biologically active molecules for novel food ingredients and pharmaceuticals. J Funct Foods 2015;19:479–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapenna S, Gemen R, Wollgast J, et al. Assessing herbal products with health claims. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015;55:1918–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig E-M, et al. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review. Biotechnol Adv (Elsevier BV) 2015;33:1582–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oroian M, Escriche I. Antioxidants: characterization, natural sources, extraction and analysis. Food Res Int Elsevier B.V 2015;74:10–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahidi F, Zhong Y. Measurement of antioxidant activity. J Funct Foods 2015;18:757–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshikh N, de Camargo AC, Shahidi F. Phenolics of selected lentil cultivars: antioxidant activities and inhibition of low-density lipoprotein and DNA damage. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;18:1022–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira DM, Valentão P, Pereira JA, Andrade PB. Phenolics: from chemistry to biology. Molecules 2009;14:2202–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Camargo AC, Regitano-d’Arce MAB, Gallo CR, Shahidi F. Gamma-irradiation induced changes in microbiological status, phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of peanut skin. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;12:129–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamaguchi T, Ono K, Murase A, Yamada M. Phenolic compounds prevent Alzheimer’s pathology through different effects on the amyloid-beta aggregation pathway. Am J Pathol Am Soc Invest Pathol 2009;175:2557–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao J. Natural polyphenols and diabetes: understanding their mechanism of action. Curr Med Chem 2014;21:1–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao J, Högger P. Dietary polyphenols and type 2 diabetes: current insights and future perspectives. Curr Med Chem 2015;22:23–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safer AM. Hepatotoxicity induced by the anti-oxidant food additive, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), in rats: an electron microscopical study. Histol Histopathol 1999;14:391–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahidi F, Ambigaipalan P. Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: antioxidant activity and health effects – a review. J Funct Foods 2015;18:820–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda T, Yokoyama J, Ohashi H. Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Lycium (Solanaceae): inferences from chloroplast DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2001;19:246–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amagase H, Farnsworth NR. A review of botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, clinical relevance in efficacy and safety of Lycium barbarum fruit (Goji). Food Res Int (Elsevier Ltd) 2011;44:1702–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potterat O. Goji (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense): phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety in the perspective of traditional uses and recent popularity. Planta Med 2010;76:7–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donno D, Beccaro GL, Mellano MG, et al. Goji berry fruit (Lycium spp.): antioxidant compound fingerprint and bioactivity evaluation. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;18:1070–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotar AM, Vodnar DC, Bunghez F, et al. Effect of Goji Berries and honey on lactic acid bacteria viability and shelf life stability of yoghurt. Not Bot Horti Agrobo 2015;43:196–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang RF, Zhao C, Chen X, et al. Chemical properties and bioactivities of Goji (Lycium barbarum) polysaccharides extracted by different methods. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;17:903–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen C, Shao Y, Li Y, Chen T. Trace elements in Lycium barbarum L. Leaves by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave assisted digestion and multivariate analysis. Spectrosc Lett 2015;48:775–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong G, Fan J, Sun Y, et al. Isolation, structural characterization, and antioxidativity of polysaccharide LBLP5-A from Lycium barbarum leaves. Process Biochem (Elsevier Ltd) 2016;51:314–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mencinicopschi IC, Bălan V, Manole CG. Lycium barbarum L. – a new species with adaptability potential in bucharest’s area. Sci Pap Ser a Agron 2012;LV:361–4.
   Google Scholar
• Mencinicopschi IC, Bălan V. Growth and development characteristics of plant individuals from two Lycium barbarum L. varieties. Sci Pap Ser A: Agron 2013;LVI:490–7.
   Google Scholar
• Dzugalov H, Lichev V, Yordanov A, et al. First results of testing Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) in Plovdiv region, Bulgaria. Sci Pap Ser B: Hortic 2015;LIX:47–50.
   Google Scholar
• Mocan A, Vlase L, Vodnar DC, et al. Polyphenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Lycium barbarum L. and Lycium chinense Mill. Leaves. Molecules 2014;19:10056–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dulf FV, Vodnar DC, Dulf E-H, Toşa IM. Total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and lipid fractions from Berry Pomaces obtained by solid-state fermentation of two Sambucus species with Aspergillus niger. J Agric Food Chem 2015;63:3489–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simirgiotis MJ. Antioxidant capacity and HPLC-DAD-MS profiling of chilean peumo (Cryptocarya alba) fruits and comparison with german peumo (Crataegus monogyna) from Southern Chile. Molecules 2013;18:2061–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barakat H, Rohn S. Effect of different cooking methods on bioactive compounds in vegetarian, broccoli-based bars. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2014;11:407–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohn S, Rawel HM, Kroll J. Antioxidant activity of protein-bound quercetin. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:4725–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moussa-Ayoub TE, El-Hady EAA, Omran HT, et al. Influence of cultivar and origin on the flavonol profile of fruits and cladodes from cactus Opuntia ficus-indica. Food Res Int 2014;64:864–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zengin G, Sarikurkcu C, Aktumsek A, et al. A comprehensive study on phytochemical characterization of Haplophyllum myrtifolium Boiss. endemic to Turkey and its inhibitory potential against key enzymes involved in Alzheimer, skin diseases and type II diabetes. Ind Crops Prod (Elsevier BV) 2014;53:244–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zengin G, Uysal A, Gunes E, Aktumsek A. Survey of phytochemical composition and biological effects of three extracts from a wild plant (Cotoneaster nummularia Fisch. et Mey.): a potential source for functional food ingredients and drug formulations. PLoS One 2014;9:e113527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarova I, Zengin G, Bender O, et al. A comparative study of Bulgarian and Turkish Asphodeline lutea root extracts: HPLC-UV profiles, enzyme inhibitory potentials and anti-proliferative activities against MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;15:254–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zengin G. A study on in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties of Asphodeline anatolica: new sources of natural inhibitors for public health problems. Ind Crops Prod 2016;83:39–43. (March):
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nachon F, Carletti E, Ronco C, et al. Crystal structures of human cholinesterases in complex with huprine W and tacrine: elements of specificity for anti-Alzheimer’s drugs targeting acetyl-and butyryl-cholinesterase. Biochem J 2013;453:393–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuo H, Payan F, Qian M. Crystal structure of the pig pancreatic α-amylase complexed with ρ-nitrophenyl-α-d-maltoside-flexibility in the active site. Protein J 2004;23:379–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto K, Miyake H, Kusunoki M, Osaki S. Steric hindrance by 2 amino acid residues determines the substrate specificity of isomaltase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng: Soc Biotechnol Jpn 2011;112:545–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismaya WT, Rozeboom J, Weijn A, et al. Crystal structure of Agaricus bisporus mushroom Tyrosinase: identity of the tetramer subunits and interaction with tropolone. Biochemistry 2011;50:5477–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdonk ML, Cole JC, Hartshorn MJ, et al. Improved protein–ligand docking using GOLD. Proteins Struct Funct Genet 2003;52:609–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Case DA, Berryman JT, Betz RM, et al. AMBER 2015. San Francisco: University of California; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Mocan A, Vodnar D, Vlase L, et al. Phytochemical characterization of Veronica officinalis L., V. teucrium L. and V. orchidea Crantz from Romania and their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16:21109–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocan A, Vlase L, Arsene AL, et al. HPLC/MS analysis of caffeic and chlorogenic acids from three Romanian veronica species and their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Farmacia 2015;63:890–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maron DM, Ames BN. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutat Res Mutagen Relat Subj 1983;113:173–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortelmans K, Zeiger E. The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. Mutat Res – Fundam Mol Mech Mutagen 2000;455:29–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong TM, Whong WZ, Stewart J, Brockman HE. Chlorophyllin: a potent antimutagen against environmental and dietary complex mixtures. Mutat Res Lett 1986;173:111–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong JZ, Lu DY, Wang Y. Analysis of flavonoids from leaves of cultivated Lycium barbarum L. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2009;64:199–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdennacer B, Karim M, Yassine M, et al. Determination of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts obtained from the fruit and leaves of Tunisian Lycium intricatum Boiss. Food Chem (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;174:577–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simirgiotis MJ, Bórquez J, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Antioxidant capacity, polyphenolic content and tandem HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS profiling of phenolic compounds from the South American berries Luma apiculata and L. chequén. Food Chem (Elsevier Ltd) 2013;139:289–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajalan I, Mohammadi M, Alaei M, Pirbalouti AG. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of extracts from different populations of lavandin. Ind Crops Prod (Elsevier BV) 2016;87:255–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilgin M, Şahin S. Effects of geographical origin and extraction methods on total phenolic yield of olive tree (Olea europaea) leaves. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2013;44:8–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosar M, Altintas A, Kirimer N, Baser KHC. Determination of the free radical scavenging activity of Lycium extracts. Chem Nat Compd 2003;39:531–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao X, Peng Y, Xu L-J, et al. Phytochemical and biological studies of Lycium medicinal plants. Chem Biodivers 2011;8:976–1010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong JZ, Gao WS, Lu DY, Wang Y. Simultaneous extraction and analysis of four polyphenols from leaves of Lycium barbarum L. J Food Biochem 2011;35:914–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford M, Johnston K, Knigh S, Kuhnert N. Hierarchical scheme for LC-MSn identification of chlorogenic acids. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:2900–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford MN, Knight S, Kuhnert N. Discriminating between the six isomers of dicaffeoylquinic acid by LC-MS(n). J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:3821–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barros L, Dueñas M, Carvalho AM, et al. Characterization of phenolic compounds in flowers of wild medicinal plants from Northeastern Portugal. Food Chem Toxicol (Elsevier Ltd) 2012;50:1576–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues S, Calhelha RC, Barreira JCM, et al. Crataegus monogyna buds and fruits phenolic extracts: growth inhibitory activity on human tumor cell lines and chemical characterization by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. Food Res Int (Elsevier Ltd) 2012;49:516–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallejo F, Tomás-Barberán FA, Ferreres F. Characterization of flavonols in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) by liquid chromatography-UV diode-array detection-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2004;1054:181–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neugart S, Rohn S, Schreiner M. Identification of complex, naturally occurring flavonoid glycosides in Vicia faba and Pisum sativum leaves by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and the genotypic effect on their flavonoid profile. Food Res Int (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;76:114–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terauchi M, Kanamori H, Nobuso M, et al. Detection and determination of antioxidative components in Lycium chinense. Nat Med 1997;51:387–91.
   Google Scholar
• Cherouana S, Touil A, Rhouati S. Two flavonoid glycosides from Lycium arabicum. Chem Nat Compd 2013;49:930–1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahidi F, Naczk M. Phenolics in food and nutraceuticals. In: Shahidi F, Naczk M, eds. Vol. 1. New York: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• John JA, Shahidi F. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa). J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2010;2:196–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohn S, Kroh LW. Electron spin resonance-a spectroscopic method for determining the antioxidative activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2005;49:898–907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apostolidis E, Li L, Lee C, Seeram NP. In vitro evaluation of phenolic-enriched maple sirup extracts for inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes relevant to type 2 diabetes management. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2011;3:100–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Kang Y-H. In vitro inhibitory effect of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Makino) seed on key enzyme linked to type 2 diabetes. J Funct Foods 2013;5:981–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahadori MB, Valizadeh H, Asghari B, et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Salvia spinosa L. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;18:727–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu C, Yang X, Lai S, et al. Structure, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities of longan pericarp proanthocyanidins. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;14:23–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo WD, Kim JY, Ryu HW, et al. Identification and characterization of coumarins from the roots of Angelica dahurica and their inhibitory effects against cholinesterase. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2013;5:1421–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon NY, Lee SH, Yong-Li, Kim SK. Phlorotannins from Ishige okamurae and their acetyl-and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2009;1:331–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Li X, Zhou B, et al. Anti-diabetic activity in type 2 diabetic mice and α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of chemically profiled pear peel and pulp extracts (Pyrus spp.). J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;13:276–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shobana S, Sreerama YN, Malleshi NG. Composition and enzyme inhibitory properties of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) seed coat phenolics: mode of inhibition of a-glucosidase and pancreatic amylase. Food Chem (Elsevier Ltd) 2009;115:1268–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Luo A, Zhong K, et al. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity by the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2013;5:1253–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zengin G, Locatelli M, Ceylan R, Aktumsek A. Anthraquinone profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effect of root extracts of eight Asphodeline taxa from Turkey: can Asphodeline roots be considered as a new source of natural compounds? J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016;31:754–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarikurkcu C, Tepe B. Biological activity and phytochemistry of firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea M.J. Roemer). J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;19:669–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borowiec K, Szwajgier D, Targoński Z, et al. Cholinesterase inhibitors isolated from bilberry fruit. J Funct Foods 2014;11:313–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zengin G, Uysal S, Ceylan R, Aktumsek A. Phenolic constituent, antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Ornithogalum narbonense L. from Turkey: a phytochemical study. Ind Crops Prod 2015;70:1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uysal S, Aktumsek A. A phytochemical study on Potentilla anatolica: an endemic Turkish plant. Ind Crops Prod (Elsevier BV) 2015;76:1001–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karioti A, Protopappa A, Megoulas N, Skaltsa H. Identification of tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum and Marrubium cylleneum. Bioorg Med Chem 2007;15:2708–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwai K, Kishimoto N, Kakino Y, et al. In vitro antioxidative effects and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of seven hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives in green coffee beans. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:4893–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gidaro MC, Astorino C, Petzer A, et al. Kaempferol as selective human MAO-A inhibitor: analytical detection in Calabrian red wines, biological and molecular modeling studies. J Agric Food Chem 2016;64:1394–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettersen EF, Goddard TD, Huang CC, et al. UCSF Chimera-a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis. J Comput Chem (Wiley Online Library) 2004;25:1605–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocan A, Zengin G, Crişan G, Mollica A. Enzymatic assays and molecular modeling studies of Schisandra chinensis lignans and phenolics from fruit and leaf extracts. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2016.1222585.
   Google Scholar
• Caleja C, Barros L, Antonio AL, et al. Development of a functional dairy food: exploring bioactive and preservation effects of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2015;16:114–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caleja C, Barros L, Antonio AL, et al. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. As natural conservation enhancer and health promoter by incorporation in cottage cheese. J Funct Foods 2015;12:428–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terauchi M, Kanamori H, Nobuso M, et al. Antimicrobial components in leaves of Lycium chinense Mill. J Food Hyg Soc Japan 1998;39:399–405.
   Google Scholar
• Ali-Shtayeh MS, Yaghmour RMR, Faidi YR, et al. Antimicrobial activity of 20 plants used in folkloric medicine in the Palestinian area. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;60:265–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou Z, Wang H, Zhu S, et al. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of chlorogenic acid. J Food Sci 2011;76:M398–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arima H, Ashida H, Danno G. Rutin-enhanced antibacterial activities of flavonoids against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritidis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002;66:1009–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Gautam S, Sharma A. Identification of antimutagenic properties of anthocyanins and other polyphenols from Rose (Rosa centifolia) petals and tea. J Food Sci 2013;78:948–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X, Wang Q, Li G, et al. In vitro antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic effects of Chinese Bowl tea. J Funct Foods (Elsevier Ltd) 2014;7:590–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negi PS, Jayaprakasha GK, Jena BS. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of pomegranate peel extracts. Food Chem 2003;80:393–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham SK, Schupp N, Schmid U, Stopper H. Antigenotoxic effects of the phytoestrogen pelargonidin chloride and the polyphenol chlorogenic acid. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007;51:880–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson D, Dobrzyńska MM, Başaran N, et al. Flavonoids modulate Comet assay responses to food mutagens in human lymphocytes and sperm. Mutat Res – Fundam Mol Mech Mutagen 1998;402:269–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar