Prevalence of healthcare workers fully vaccinated against hepatitis B without circulating antibodies in Italy and role of age at baseline cycle vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• CDC. Hepatitis B vaccination: information for healthcare providers. Available on: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/hepb/hcp/index.html. Last accessed on 2022 Apr 10.
   Google Scholar
• Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Immunization of health-care personnel: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011 Nov 25;60(RR–7):1–45.
   Google Scholar
• van Leeuwen LPM, Doornekamp L, Goeijenbier S, et al. Evaluation of the hepatitis b vaccination programme in medical students in a Dutch University hospital. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Jan 20; 9(2):69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapisarda V, Loreto C, Vitale E, et al. Incidence of sharp and needle-stick injuries and mucocutaneous blood exposure among healthcare workers. Future Microbiol. 2019 Jun;14:27–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veronesi L, Giudice L, Agodi A, et al. A multicentre study on epidemiology and prevention of needle stick injuries among students of nursing schools. Ann Ig. 2018 Sep-Oct;30(5 Supple 2):99–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mengistu DA, Tolera ST, Demmu YM. Worldwide prevalence of occupational exposure to needle stick injury among healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2021;2021:9019534. Jan 29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanò L, Mele A, Pariani E, et al. Update in the universal vaccination against hepatitis B in Italy: 12 years after its implementation. Eur J Public Health. 2004;14(Suppl):S19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Epidemiology - SEIEVA data. Last accessed on 2022 Apr 21. Available on: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/en/hepatitis/data-seieva.
   Google Scholar
• Italian Ministry of Health. National Vaccine Prevention Plan 2017-2019.Last accessed on 2022 Apr 18 Available on: https://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_2571_allegato.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Italian Ministry of Health. National Vaccine Prevention Plan 2012-2014. Last accessed on 2022 Apr 18. Available on: https://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_1721_allegato.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. STROBE iniziative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4):344–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021 Mar 29; 372:n71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Di Giampaolo L, Costantini E, Di Nicola M, et al. Titer of anti-HBs in health professions trainees: prevalence of antibody coverage in a University of Central Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Dec 31; 18(1):1886805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartorelli P, Occhialini F, Miceli R, et al. The seroprevalence of the hepatitis B virus in Italian medical students after 3 decades since the introduction of universal vaccination. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022 Feb 15; 35(1):75–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cocchio S, Baldo V, Volpin A, et al. Persistence of anti-Hbs after up to 30 years in health care workers vaccinated against hepatitis B virus. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Apr 1;9(4):323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mastrodomenico M, Muselli M, Provvidenti L, et al. Long-term immune protection against HBV: associated factors and determinants. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Jul 3; 17(7):2268–2272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevisan A, Mason P, Nicolli A, et al. Future healthcare workers and hepatitis B vaccination: a new generation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 22;18(15):7783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi FP, Vimercati L, Mansi F, et al. Compliance with immunization and a biological risk assessment of health care workers as part of an occupational health surveillance program: the experience of a university hospital in southern Italy. Am J Infect Control. 2020 Apr;48(4):368–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garzillo EM, Arnese A, Coppola N, et al. HBV vaccination status among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study. J Infect Prev. 2020 Jan;21(1):23–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grazzini M, Arcangeli G, Mucci N, et al. High chance to overcome the non-responder status to hepatitis B vaccine after a further full vaccination course: results from the extended study on healthcare students and workers in Florence, Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020 Apr 2;16(4):949–954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadopoli R, De Sarro C, Torti C, et al. Is there any opportunity to provide an HBV vaccine booster dose before anti-HBS titer vanishes? Vaccines (Basel). 2020 May 16; 8(2):227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verso MG, Costantino C, Marrella A, et al. Kinetics of anti-Hepatitis B surface antigen titers in nurse students after a two-year follow-up. Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Aug 21; 8(3):467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi FP, Gallone MS, Gallone MF, et al. HBV seroprevalence after 25 years of universal mass vaccination and management of non-responders to the anti-Hepatitis B vaccine: an Italian study among medical students. J Viral Hepat. 2019 Jan;26(1):136–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coppeta L, Pompei A, Balbi O, et al. Persistence of immunity for hepatitis B virus among heathcare workers and Italian medical students 20 years after vaccination. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Apr 29; 16(9):1515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapisarda V, Nunnari G, Senia P, et al. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among medical residents from Catania University hospital, Italy. Future Microbiol. 2019 Jun;14:41–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanati A, Bolognesi N, Sandri F, et al. Long-term persistency of hepatitis B immunity: an observational cross-sectional study on medical students and resident doctors. J Prev Med Hyg. 2019 Sep 30; 60(3):E184–E190.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bini C, Grazzini M, Chellini M, et al. Is hepatitis B vaccination performed at infant and adolescent age able to provide long-term immunological memory? An observational study on healthcare students and workers in Florence, Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Feb 1; 14(2):450–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dini G, Toletone A, Barberis I, et al. Persistence of protective anti-HBs antibody levels and anamnestic response to HBV booster vaccination: a cross-sectional study among healthcare students 20 years following the universal immunization campaign in Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017 Feb;13(2):440–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Fauci V, Riso R, Facciolà A, et al. Response to anti-HBV vaccine and 10-year follow-up of antibody levels in healthcare workers. Public Health. 2016 Oct;139:198–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechini A, Bonanni P, Grazzini M, et al. Need to take special care of non-responders to hepatitis B vaccination among health-care workers, students and chronic patients. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Feb 1; 17(2):580–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevisan A. Long-term persistence of immunity after hepatitis B vaccination: a fact, not a fancy. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017 Apr 3; 13(4):916–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevisan A, Giuliani A, Scapellato ML, et al. Sex disparity in response to hepatitis B vaccine related to the age of vaccination. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 2; 17(1):327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verso MG, Lo Cascio N, Noto Laddeca E, et al. Predictors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Titers two decades after vaccination in a cohort of students and post-graduates of the Medical School at the University of Palermo, Italy. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017 Jun 12; 24(2):303–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pileggi C, Papadopoli R, Bianco A, et al. Hepatitis B vaccine and the need for a booster dose after primary vaccination. Vaccine. 2017 Nov 1; 35(46):6302–6307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevisan A, Frasson C, De Nuzzo D, et al. Significance of anti-HB levels below 10 IU/L after vaccination against hepatitis B in infancy or adolescence: an update in relation to sex. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(2):460–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verso MG, Costantino C, Vitale F, et al. Immunization against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in a cohort of nursing students two decades after vaccination: surprising feedback. Vaccines (Basel). 2019 Dec 19; 8(1):1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanati A, Brosio F, Kuhdari P, et al. Studio di incidenza sugli infortuni biologici nei medici in formazione specialistica dell’Azienda Ospedaliero - Universitaria di Ferrara e stato immunitario nei confronti delle principali infezioni prevenibili [Incidence of biological accidents at work and immune status for vaccine-preventable diseases among resident physicians in specialist training at Ferrara University Hospital]. Ig Sanita Pubbl. 2017 Nov-Dec;73(6):633–648. Italian.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ledda C, Rapisarda V, Maltezou HC, et al. Coverage rates against vaccine-preventable diseases among healthcare workers in Sicily (Italy). Eur J Public Health. 2021 Feb 1; 31(1):56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamberti M, De Rosa A, Garzillo EM, et al. Erratum to: vaccination against hepatitis b virus: are Italian medical students sufficiently protected after the public vaccination programme? J Occup Med Toxicol. 2016Feb;15;11:3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campagna M, Argiolas F, Soggiu B, et al. Current preventive policies and practices against vaccine-Preventable diseases and tuberculosis targeted for workers from hospitals of the Sardinia Region, Italy. J Prev Med Hyg. 2016;57(2):E69–74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coppeta L, D’Alessandro I, Pietroiusti A, et al. Seroprevalence for vaccine-preventable diseases among Italian healthcare workers. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 May 4; 17(5):1342–1346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi FP, Mascipinto S, Stefanizzi P, et al. Prevalence and management of measles susceptibility in healthcare workers in Italy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2020 Jul;19(7):611–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi FP, Stefanizzi P, Trerotoli P, et al. Sex and age as determinants of the seroprevalence of anti-measles IgG among European healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2022 May 20; 40(23):3127–3141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi FP, Mascipinto S, Stefanizzi P, et al. Long-term immunogenicity after measles vaccine vs. wild infection: an Italian retrospective cohort study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Jul 3; 17(7):2078–2084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi FP, De Nitto S, Stefanizzi P, et al. Immunity to rubella: an Italian retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2019 Nov 8; 19(1):1490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi FP, De Nitto S, Stefanizzi P, et al. Long time persistence of antibodies against Mumps in fully MMR immunized young adults: an Italian retrospective cohort study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020 Nov 1; 16(11):2649–2655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi FP, Tafuri S, Larocca AMV, et al. Long -term persistence of antibodies against varicella in fully immunized healthcare workers: an Italian retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2021 May 25; 21(1):475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevisan A, Nicolli A, De Nuzzo D, et al. Varicella seroepidemiology and immunization in a cohort of future healthcare workers in the pre-vaccination era. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Jul;96:228–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versteegen P, Valente Pinto M, Barkoff AM, et al. Responses to an acellular pertussis booster vaccination in children, adolescents, and young and older adults: a collaborative study in Finland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. EBioMedicine. 2021 Mar;[Epub 2021 Feb 26];65:103247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggieri A, Anticoli S, D’Ambrosio A, et al. The influence of sex and gender on immunity, infection and vaccination. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2016 Apr-Jun;52(2):198–204.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flanagan KL, Fink AL, Plebanski M, et al. Sex and Gender Differences in the Outcomes of Vaccination over the Life Course. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2017 Oct 6; 33:577–599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris GP. Understanding sex-related differences in immune responses. Sci Transl Med. 2020 Jul;12(554):eabd3631.
   Google Scholar
• Klein SL, Flanagan KL. Sex differences in immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016 Oct;16(10):626–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortona E, Pierdominici M, Rider VE. Sex Hormones and Gender Differences in Immune Responses. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza CL, Salgado TA, Sardeiro TL, et al. Post-vaccination anti-HBs testing among healthcare workers: more economical than post-exposure management for Hepatitis B. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2020 Jun 19; 28:e3278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassaniti I, Calarota SA, Adzasehoun KM, et al. Memory T cells specific for HBV enumerated by a peptide-based cultured enzyme-linked immunospot assay in healthy HBV-vaccinated subjects. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016 Nov;12(11):2927–2933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbato D, De Lillo F, La Torre G, et al. Validation of a questionnaire about knowledge and perception of biological risk among biomedical students of Sapienza University of Rome. Clin Ter. 2019 Nov-Dec;170(6):e430–e434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schillie S, Murphy TV, Sawyer M, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC guidance for evaluating health-care personnel for hepatitis B virus protection and for administering postexposure management. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013 Dec 20;62(RR–10):1–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar