Risks of low vaccination coverage and strategies to prevent the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases in infants in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario: recommendations for Latin America and the Caribbean by the group of experts on infant immunization for Latin America

References

• WHO. Global Vaccine Action Plan. Global Vaccine Action Plan, 2011–2020. [ cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/global-vaccine-action-plan-2011-2020
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Immunization Agenda 2030. A global strategy to leave no one behind. [ cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/immunization-agenda-2030-a-global-strategy-to-leave-no-one-behind
   Google Scholar
• Funacion Argentina de Infectologia Pediatrica. Documento de posición intersocietario. Actualidad en poliomielitis: recomendaciones sobre vacunación en Argentina [Spanish]. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: http://sadip.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Documento-intersocietario-Poliomielitis-2019.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Romero M, Rodriguez D, Caicedo M, et al. Cost-minimization and budget impact analysis of a hexavalent vaccine (Hexaxim®) in the Colombian Expanded Program on Immunization. Value in Health Regional Issues. 2021;26:150–159. doi: 10.1016/j.vhri.2021.06.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gentile A, Giglio ND, Castellano V, et al. Vaccination in children under 1 year with pertussis component in the context of the global initiative for the eradication of poliomyelitis in Argentina: economic analysis. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2021 Apr;38(2):224–231. doi: 10.4067/S0716-10182021000200224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falleiros Arlant LH, Gonzalez Ayala SE, Domingues C, et al. Current status of poliomyelitis in Latin America. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2020;37(6):701–709. doi: 10.4067/S0716-10182020000600701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falleiros-Arlant LH, Torres JR, Lopez E, et al. Current regional consensus recommendations on infant vaccination of the Latin American pediatric infectious diseases society (SLIPE). Expert Rev Vaccines. 2020 Jun;19(6):491–498. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1775078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentile A, Torres-Torreti JP, Lopez-Lopez P, et al. Epidemiologic changes and novelties on vaccination against Bordetella pertussis in Latin America. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2021 Apr;38(2):232–242. doi: 10.4067/S0716-10182021000200232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avila-Aguero ML, Ospina-Henao S, Pirez MC, et al. Latin American forum on immunization services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2021 Mar;20(3):231–234. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1886930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Diphtheria tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP) vaccination coverage. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://sadip.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Documento-intersocietario-Poliomielitis-2019.pdf
   Google Scholar
• PAHO. Immunization in the Americas - 2022 summary. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/documents/immunization-americas-2022-summary
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. Immunization coverage estimates dashboard. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/resources/immunization-coverage-estimates-data-visualization/
   Google Scholar
• WHO. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. 2020 March 11. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. COVID-19 pandemic leads to major backsliding on childhood vaccinations, new WHO, UNICEF data shows. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/covid-19-pandemic-leads-major-backsliding-childhood-vaccinations-new-who-unicef-data
   Google Scholar
• Torres Martínez C, Aguilar Velasco M, Moreno C Á, et al. Documento Latinoamericano sobre vacunaciόn y servicos de inmunizaciόn durante la pandemia COVID-19 [ Spanish]. 2021. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://slipe.org/web/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/DOCUMENTO-LATINOAMERICANO-SOBRE-VACUNACIo%CC%81N-Y-SERVICIOS-DE-INMUNIZACIo%CC%81N-DURANTE-LA-PANDEMIA-COVID-19-DIGITAl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Morice-Trejos A, Becerra F, Avila Aguero ML, et al. Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en los Programas Nacionales de Inmunización de Latinoamérica. Spanish In: Documento Técnico Global Health Consortium at Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work. Florida International University.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Worldwide measles deaths climb 50% from 2016 to 2019 claiming over 207 500 lives in 2019. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/12-11-2020-worldwide-measles-deaths-climb-50-from-2016-to-2019-claiming-over-207-500-lives-in-2019
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Measles reported cases and incidence. [cited 2023 January 10]. Available from: https://immunizationdata.who.int/pages/incidence/MEASLES.html?CODE=AMR&YEAR=
   Google Scholar
• PAHO. Actualización Epidemiológica Sarampión, 4 de octubre de 2021.[cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/54998/EpiUpdate4October2021_spa.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
   Google Scholar
• PAHO. Epidemiological Update: Diphtheria. 2021 April 23. [cited 22 September 2023]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/documents/epidemiological-update-diphteria-23-april-2021
   Google Scholar
• PAHO. Epidemiological Update: Diphtheria. 2021 November 5. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/55324
   Google Scholar
• Vanderslott S, Donadaite B, Roser M. Vaccination: How vaccines work & herd immunity 2013. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/vaccination
   Google Scholar
• Ministerio de Salud de la Republica de Panama. Esquema nacional de vacunacion [Spanish]. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.minsa.gob.pa/sites/default/files/programas/esquema-de-vacunacion2021_revision_14_de_septiembre.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ministerio de Salud de Costa Rica. Esquema de vacunacion oficial en Costa Rica [Spanish]. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/biblioteca/material-educativo/material-de-comunicacion/vacunas/4360-esquema-de-vacunacion-oficial-en-costa-rica-menores-de-edad/file
   Google Scholar
• Ministerio de Salud de Chile. Programa nacional de immunizaciones [Spanish]. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.minsal.cl/programa-nacional-de-inmunizaciones/
   Google Scholar
• Consejo Asesor de Vacunas e Inmunaziόn (CAVEI). Postura del CAVEI ante la incorporación de la vacuna inactivada contra poliomielitis en el marco de la suspensión del uso de opv y evaluación de la inmunización del lactante con vacuna hexavalente [Spanish]. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.nitag-resource.org/sites/default/files/d2b253a534bf7cd9882e97214f3b928a0d6dbe80_1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ministerio de Salud Presidencia de la Nacion. Recien nacidos prematuros: vacuna sextuple acelular lineamientos tecnicos, Argentina [Spanish]. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://bancos.salud.gob.ar/sites/default/files/2018-10/0000000444cnt-2013-10_lineamientos-sextuple-en-prematuros.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Troncoso G, Galvis CE, Marinño C, et al. Consenso de expertos: vacunacion en el recien nacido prematuro: justificacion de vacuna hexavalente [Spanish]. Asociación Colombiana de Neonatología (ASCON). [cited 2023 January 10]. Available from: https://ascon.org.co/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Consenso-vacunacion-RN-prematuro.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Maman K, Zollner Y, Greco D, et al. The value of childhood combination vaccines: From beliefs to evidence. Human vaccines immunother. 2015;11(9):2132–2141. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1044180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker M, Edwards K, Bogaerts H. Combination vaccines. In: Plotkin S, Orenstein W, Offit P Edwards K, editors. Vaccines. 7th ed. PA USA: Elsevier; 2018. pp. 198–227.
   Google Scholar
• Aguirre-Boza F, San Martin PP, Valenzuela BM. How were DTP-related adverse events reduced after the introduction of an acellular pertussis vaccine in Chile?. Human vaccines immunother. 2021 Nov 2;17(11):4225–4234. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1965424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giai Phong Online S. 30 kids hospitalized after ComBE Five vaccination 2019. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.sggpnews.org.vn/health/30-kids-hospitalized-after-combe-five-vaccination-79497.html
   Google Scholar
• Elas M, Villatoro N, Pezzoli L. Disproportionality analysis of reported drug adverse events to assess a potential safety signal for pentavalent vaccine in 2019 in El Salvador. Vaccine. 2021 Aug 9;39(34):4849–4855. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Parecer público de avaliação do medicamento - reprovação [Spanish]. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://consultas.anvisa.gov.br/#/pareceres/q/?nomeProduto=VACINA%20ADSORVIDA%20DIFTERIA,%20T%C3%89TANO,%20PERTUSSIS,%20HEPATITE%20B%20(RECOMBINANTE)%20E%20HAEMOPHILUS%20INFLUENZAE%20B%20(CONJUGADA)
   Google Scholar
• O’Ryan M, Calvo AE, Espinoza M, et al. Parent reported outcomes to measure satisfaction, acceptability, and daily life impact after vaccination with whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccine in Chile. Vaccine. 2020 Oct 7;38(43):6704–6713. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization, October 2020: conclusions and recommendations. Weekly Epidemiological Rec. 2020;95(48):585–607.
   Google Scholar
• Olivera I, Grau C, Dibarboure H, et al. Valuing the cost of improving Chilean primary vaccination: a cost minimization analysis of a hexavalent vaccine. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020 Apr 9;20(1):295. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05115-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seinfeld J, Rosales ML, Sobrevilla A, et al. Economic assessment of incorporating the hexavalent vaccine as part of the National Immunization Program of Peru. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 May 16;22(1):651. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08006-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfaro-Murillo JA, Avila-Aguero ML, Fitzpatrick MC, et al. The case for replacing live oral polio vaccine with inactivated vaccine in the Americas. Lancet. 2020 Apr 4;395(10230):1163–1166. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30213-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbo A, Falleiros-Arlant LH, Lopez EL, et al. Remarks on the possibility of the introduction of fractionated dose of the inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine in the Latin American Child Immunization Schedule. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2018 Aug;35(4):395–402. doi: 10.4067/s0716-10182018000400395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization, October 2021: conclusions and recommendations. Weekly Epidemiological Rec. 2021;96(50):613–632.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccines during and after pregnancy. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pregnancy/vacc-during-after.html
   Google Scholar
• Immunization, Infectious Disease, and Public Health Preparedness Expert Work Group. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee Opinion: Maternal immunization. Obstet & Gynecol. 2018;131(6):e214–e217. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002662
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. COVID-19 vaccines, pregnancy and breastfeeding FAQs. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/guidance/coronavirus-covid-19-pregnancy-and-women-s-health/vaccination/covid-19-vaccines-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding-faqs/
   Google Scholar
• Mendez R CDC recommends pregnant women get Covid vaccine after study shows it’s safe for mother and baby. [cited 2023 September 22]. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/23/cdc-recommends-pregnant-women-get-covid-vaccine-after-study-shows-they-are-safe-for-mother-and-baby.html
   Google Scholar
• Shimabukuro TT, Kim SY, Myers TR, et al. Preliminary findings of mRNA Covid-19 vaccine safety in pregnant persons. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jun 17;384(24):2273–2282. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2104983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar