The anti-inflammatory limb of the immune response in preterm labor, intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, and spontaneous parturition at term: A role for interleukin-10

References

• Romero R, Brody D T, Oyarzun E, Mazor M, Wu Y K, Hobbins J C, Durum S K. Infection and labor. III. Interleukin-1: A signal for the onset of parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 160: 1117–1123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Tartakovsky B. The natural interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents interleukin-1-induced preterm delivery in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 1041–1045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M, Brandt F, Sepulveda W, Avila C, Cotton D B, Dinarello C A. Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta in preterm and term human parturition. Am J Reprod Immunol 1992; 27: 117–123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Sepulveda W, Mazor M, Brandt F, Cotton D B, Dinarello C A, Mitchell M D. The natural interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in term and preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 863–872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bry K, Hallman M. Transforming growth factor-beta 2 prevents preterm delivery induced by interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the rabbit. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168: 1318–1322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fidel P L, Jr, Romero R, Wolf N, Cutright J, Ramirez M, Araneda H, Cotton D B. Systemic and local cytokine profiles in endotoxin-induced preterm parturition in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 1467–1475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keelan J A, Marvin K W, Sato T A, Coleman M, McCowan L M, Mitchell M D. Cytokine abundance in placental tissues: Evidence of inflammatory activation in gestational membranes with term and preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181: 1530–1536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkler M, Kemp B, Fischer D C, Maul H, Hlubek M, Rath W. Tissue concentrations of cytokines in the lower uterine segment during preterm parturition. J Perinat Med 2001; 29: 519–527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Avila C, Santhanam U, Sehgal P B. Amniotic fluid interleukin 6 in preterm labor. Association with infection. J Clin Invest 1990; 85: 1392–1400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Sepulveda W, Kenney J S, Archer L E, Allison A C, Sehgal P B. Interleukin 6 determination in the detection of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Ciba Found Symp 1992; 167: 205–220
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Romero R, Yoon B H, Kenney J S, Gomez R, Allison A C, Sehgal P B. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 determinations are of diagnostic and prognostic value in preterm labor. Am J Reprod Immunol 1993; 30: 167–183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Bastawissi A Y, Williams M A, Riley D E, Hitti J, Krieger J N. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and preterm delivery: A review. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95: 1056–1064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Manogue K R, Mitchell M D, Wu Y K, Oyarzun E, Hobbins J C, Cerami A. Infection and labor. IV. Cachectin-tumor necrosis factor in the amniotic fluid of women with intraamniotic infection and preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 336–341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M, Sepulveda W, Avila C, Copeland D, Williams J. Tumor necrosis factor in preterm and term labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1576–1587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann P, Romero R, Berry S, Gomez R, McFarlin B, Araneda H, Cotton D B, Fidel P. Evidence of participation of the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I in the host response to intrauterine infection in preterm labor. Am J Reprod Immunol 1993; 30: 184–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maymon E, Ghezzi F, Edwin S S, Mazor M, Yoon B H, Gomez R, Romero R. The tumor necrosis factor alpha and its soluble receptor profile in term and preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181: 1142–1148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortunato S J, Menon R, Lombardi S J. Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor pathways. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 187: 1159–1162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonergan M, Aponso D, Marvin K W, Helliwell R J, Sato T A, Mitchell M D, Chaiwaropongsa T, Romero R, Keelan J A. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), TRAIL receptors, and the soluble receptor osteoprotegerin in human gestational membranes and amniotic fluid during pregnancy and labor at term and preterm. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 3835–3844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacora P, Romero R, Maymon E, Gervasi M T, Gomez R, Edwin S S, Yoon B H. Participation of the novel cytokine interleukin 18 in the host response to intra-amniotic infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183: 1138–1143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athayde N, Romero R, Maymon E, Gomez R, Pacora P, Yoon B H, Edwin S S. Interleukin 16 in pregnancy, parturition, rupture of fetal membranes, and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182: 135–141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Ceska M, Avila C, Mazor M, Behnke E, Lindley I. Neutrophil attractant/activating peptide-1/interleukin-8 in term and preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 813–820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherouny P H, Pankuch G A, Romero R, Botti J J, Kuhn D C, Demers L M, Appelbaum P C. Neutrophil attractant/activating peptide-1/interleukin-8: Association with histologic chorioamnionitis, preterm delivery, and bioactive amniotic fluid leukoattractants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169: 1299–1303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez B E, Ferrer I, Valls C, Borras M, Lailla J M. The value of interleukin-8, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1beta in vaginal wash as predictors of preterm delivery. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2005; 59: 175–178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esplin M S, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim Y M, Edwin S, Gomez R, Mazor M, Adashi E Y. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 is increased in the amniotic fluid of women who deliver preterm in the presence or absence of intra-amniotic infection. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2005; 17: 365–373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esplin M S, Peltier M R, Hamblin S, Smith S, Fausett M B, Dildy G A, Branch D W, Silver R M, Adashi E Y. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression is increased in human gestational tissues during term and preterm labor. Placenta 2005; 26: 661–671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Gomez R, Galasso M, Munoz H, Acosta L, Yoon B H, Svinarich D, Cotton D B. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in term and preterm parturition: Effect of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Reprod Immunol 1994; 32: 108–113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athayde N, Romero R, Maymon E, Gomez R, Pacora P, Araneda H, Yoon B H. A role for the novel cytokine RANTES in pregnancy and parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181: 989–994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keelan J A, Yang J, Romero R J, Chaiworapongsa T, Marvin K W, Sato T A, Mitchell M D. Epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 is present in fetal membranes and amniotic fluid at increased concentrations with intra-amniotic infection and preterm delivery. Biol Reprod 2004; 70: 253–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey M L, Cox S M, Beutler B, Milewich L, MacDonald P C. Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor-alpha formation in human decidua. Potential role of cytokines in infection-induced preterm labor. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 430–436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liechty K W, Koenig J M, Mitchell M D, Romero R, Christensen R D. Production of interleukin-6 by fetal and maternal cells in vivo during intraamniotic infection and in vitro after stimulation with interleukin-1. Pediatr Res 1991; 29: 1–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M, Manogue K, Oyarzun E, Cerami A. Human decidua: A source of cachectin-tumor necrosis factor. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991; 41: 123–127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svinarich D M, Bitonti O M, Araneda H, Romero R, Gonik B. Induction and postranslational expression of G-CSF and RANTES in a first trimester trophoblast cell line by lipopolysaccharide. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996; 36: 256–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huleihel M, Amash A, Sapir O, Maor E, Levy S, Katz M, Dukler D, Myatt L, Holcberg G. Lipopolysaccharide induces the expression of interleukin-1alpha distinctly in different compartments of term and preterm human placentae. Eur Cytokine Netw 2004; 15: 30–36
   Google Scholar
• Romero R, Yoon B H, Mazor M, Gomez R, Diamond M P, Kenney J S, Ramirez M, Fidel P L, Sorokin Y, Cotton D, et al. The diagnostic and prognostic value of amniotic fluid white blood cell count, glucose, interleukin-6, and gram stain in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169: 805–816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon B H, Romero R, Kim C J, Jun J K, Gomez R, Choi J H, Syn H C. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: A sensitive test for antenatal diagnosis of acute inflammatory lesions of preterm placenta and prediction of perinatal morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 172: 960–970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews W W, Hauth J C, Goldenberg R L, Gomez R, Romero R, Cassell G H. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: Correlation with upper genital tract microbial colonization and gestational age in women delivered after spontaneous labor versus indicated delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173: 606–612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kara M, Ozden S, Arioglu P, Cetin A. The significance of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels in preterm labour. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 38: 403–406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baud O, Emilie D, Pelletier E, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Zupan V, Fernandez H, Dehan M, Frydman R, Ville Y. Amniotic fluid concentrations of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha in chorioamnionitis before 32 weeks of gestation: Histological associations and neonatal outcome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 106: 72–77
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M, Wu Y K, Avila C, Oyarzun E, Mitchell M D. Bacterial endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor stimulate prostaglandin production by human decidua. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1989; 37: 183–186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Durum S, Dinarello C A, Oyarzun E, Hobbins J C, Mitchell M D. Interleukin-1 stimulates prostaglandin biosynthesis by human amnion. Prostaglandins 1989; 37: 13–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell M D, Edwin S, Romero R J. Prostaglandin biosynthesis by human decidual cells: Effects of inflammatory mediators. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1990; 41: 35–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertelendy F, Romero R, Molnar M, Todd H, Baldassare J J. Cytokine-initiated signal transduction in human myometrial cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 1993; 30: 49–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molnar M, Romero R, Hertelendy F. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor stimulate arachidonic acid release and phospholipid metabolism in human myometrial cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169: 825–829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eykholt R L, Hansen W R, Potter S, Marvin K W, Mitchell M D. Cytokines regulate prostaglandin H synthase-1 transcription in human amnion-derived cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1999; 61: 323–329
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell M D, Romero R J, Edwin S S, Trautman M S. Prostaglandins and parturition. Reprod Fertil Dev 1995; 7: 623–632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauk P N, Chiao J P. Interleukin-1 stimulates human uterine prostaglandin production through induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Am J Reprod Immunol 2000; 43: 152–159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertelendy F, Molnar M, Romero R. Interferon gamma antagonizes interleukin-1beta-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E(2) production in human myometrial cells. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2002; 9: 215–219
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hertelendy F, Rastogi P, Molnar M, Romero R. Interleukin-1beta-induced prostaglandin E2 production in human myometrial cells: Role of a pertussis toxin-sensitive component. Am J Reprod Immunol 2001; 45: 142–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sooranna S R, Engineer N, Loudon J A, Terzidou V, Bennett P R, Johnson M R. The mitogen-activated protein kinase dependent expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 and interleukin-8 messenger ribonucleic acid by myometrial cells: The differential effect of stretch and interleukin-1{beta}. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 3517–3527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaragoza D B, Wilson R R, Mitchell B F, Olson D M. The interleukin 1beta-induced expression of human prostaglandin F2alpha receptor messenger RNA in human myometrial-derived ULTR cells requires the transcription factor, NFkappaB. Biol Reprod 2006; 75: 697–704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M, Tartakovsky B. Systemic administration of interleukin-1 induces preterm parturition in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 969–971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baggia S, Gravett M G, Witkin S S, Haluska G J, Novy M J. Interleukin-1 beta intra-amniotic infusion induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin production, and preterm contractions in pregnant rhesus monkeys. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1996; 3: 121–126
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sadowsky D W, Adams K M, Gravett M G, Witkin S S, Novy M J. Preterm labor is induced by intraamniotic infusions of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not by interleukin-6 or interleukin-8 in a nonhuman primate model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195: 1578–1589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore K W, de Waal M R, Coffman R L, O'Garra A. Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor. Annu Rev Immunol 2001; 19: 683–765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Prete G, De Carli M, Almerigogna F, Giudizi M G, Biagiotti R, Romagnani S. Human IL-10 is produced by both type 1 helper (Th1) and type 2 helper (Th2) T cell clones and inhibits their antigen-specific proliferation and cytokine production. J Immunol 1993; 150: 353–360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin D, Knobloch T J, Dayton M A. Human B-cell interleukin-10: B-cell lines derived from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Burkitt's lymphoma constitutively secrete large quantities of interleukin-10. Blood 1992; 80: 1289–1298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Waal M R, Abrams J, Bennett B, Figdor C G, de Vries J E. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: An autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes. J Exp Med 1991; 174: 1209–1220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonstra A, Rajsbaum R, Holman M, Marques R, Asselin-Paturel C, Pereira J P, Bates E E, Akira S, Vieira P, Liu Y J, et al. Macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells, but not plasmacytoid dendritic cells, produce IL-10 in response to MyD88- and TRIF-dependent TLR signals, and TLR-independent signals. J Immunol 2006; 177: 7551–7558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna N, Hanna I, Hleb M, Wagner E, Dougherty J, Balkundi D, Padbury J, Sharma S. Gestational age-dependent expression of IL-10 and its receptor in human placental tissues and isolated cytotrophoblasts. J Immunol 2000; 164: 5721–5728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth I, Corry D B, Locksley R M, Abrams J S, Litton M J, Fisher S J. Human placental cytotrophoblasts produce the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin 10. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 539–548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekerfelt C, Lidstrom C, Matthiesen L, Berg G, Sharma S, Ernerudh J. Spontaneous secretion of interleukin-4, interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma by first trimester decidual mononuclear cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2002; 47: 159–166
   Google Scholar
• Gustafsson C, Hummerdal P, Matthiesen L, Berg G, Ekerfelt C, Ernerudh J. Cytokine secretion in decidual mononuclear cells from term human pregnancy with or without labour: ELISPOT detection of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta and TNF-alpha. J Reprod Immunol 2006; 71: 41–56
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson S A, Skinner R J, Care A S. Essential role for IL-10 in resistance to lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm labor in mice. J Immunol 2006; 177: 4888–4896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terrone D A, Rinehart B K, Granger J P, Barrilleaux P S, Martin J N, Jr, Bennett W A. Interleukin-10 administration and bacterial endotoxin-induced preterm birth in a rat model. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 98: 476–480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadowsky D W, Novy M J, Witkin S S, Gravett M G. Dexamethasone or interleukin-10 blocks interleukin-1beta-induced uterine contractions in pregnant rhesus monkeys. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188: 252–263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodts-Palenik S, Wyatt-Ashmead J, Pang Y, Thigpen B, Cai Z, Rhodes P, Martin J N, Granger J, Bennett W A. Maternal infection-induced white matter injury is reduced by treatment with interleukin-10. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191: 1387–1392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annells M F, Hart P H, Mullighan C G, Heatley S L, Robinson J S, Bardy P, McDonald H M. Interleukins-1, -4, -6, -10, tumor necrosis factor, transforming growth factor-beta, FAS, and mannose-binding protein C gene polymorphisms in Australian women: Risk of preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191: 2056–2067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerk J, Dordelmann M, Bartels D B, Brinkhaus M J, Dammann C E, Dork T, Dammann O. Multiplex measurement of cytokine/ receptor gene polymorphisms and interaction between interleukin-10 (-1082) genotype and chorioamnionitis in extreme preterm delivery. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2006; 13: 350–356
   Google Scholar
• Mattar R, de Souza E, Daher S. Preterm delivery and cytokine gene polymorphisms. J Reprod Med 2006; 51: 317–320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanamandra K, Boggs P, Loggins J, Baier R J. Interleukin-10 -1082 G/A polymorphism and risk of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005; 39: 426–432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dordelmann M, Kerk J, Dressler F, Brinkhaus M J, Bartels D B, Dammann C E, Dork T, Dammann O. Interleukin-10 high producer allele and ultrasound-defined periventricular white matter abnormalities in preterm infants: A preliminary study. Neuropediatrics 2006; 37: 130–136
   Google Scholar
• Howard M, Muchamuel T, Andrade S, Menon S. Interleukin 10 protects mice from lethal endotoxemia. J Exp Med 1993; 177: 1205–1208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfberg A J, Dammann O, Gressens P. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory strategies to protect the perinatal brain. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2007; 12: 296–302
   Google Scholar
• Mosmann T R, Schumacher J H, Fiorentino D F, Leverah J, Moore K W, Bond M W. Isolation of monoclonal antibodies specific for IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and a new Th2-specific cytokine (IL-10), cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, by using a solid phase radioimmunoadsorbent assay. J Immunol 1990; 145: 2938–2945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosmann T R. Interleukin-10. The cytokine handbook, A Thomson. Academy Press Inc, San Diego, CA 1994; 223–237
   Google Scholar
• Kim J M, Brannan C I, Copeland N G, Jenkins N A, Khan T A, Moore K W. Structure of the mouse IL-10 gene and chromosomal localization of the mouse and human genes. J Immunol 1992; 148: 3618–3623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorentino D F, Bond M W, Mosmann T R. Two types of mouse T helper cell. IV. Th2 clones secrete a factor that inhibits cytokine production by Th1 clones. J Exp Med 1989; 170: 2081–2095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore K W, Vieira P, Fiorentino D F, Trounstine M L, Khan T A, Mosmann T R. Homology of cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (IL-10) to the Epstein–Barr virus gene BCRFI. Science 1990; 248: 1230–1234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vieira P, de Waal-Malefyt R, Dang M N, Johnson K E, Kastelein R, Fiorentino D F, deVries J E, Roncarolo M G, Mosmann T R, Moore K W. Isolation and expression of human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor cDNA clones: Homology to Epstein–Barr virus open reading frame BCRFI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88: 1172–1176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore K W, O'Garra A, de Waal M R, Vieira P, Mosmann T R. Interleukin-10. Annu Rev Immunol 1993; 11: 165–190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fickenscher H, Hor S, Kupers H, Knappe A, Wittmann S, Sticht H. The interleukin-10 family of cytokines. Trends Immunol 2002; 23: 89–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oral H B, Kotenko S V, Yilmaz M, Mani O, Zumkehr J, Blaser K, Akdis C A, Akdis M. Regulation of T cells and cytokines by the interleukin-10 (IL-10)-family cytokines IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36: 380–388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray P J. Understanding and exploiting the endogenous interleukin-10/STAT3-mediated anti-inflammatory response. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2006; 6: 379–386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosmann T R, Cherwinski H, Bond M W, Giedlin M A, Coffman R L. Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol 1986; 136: 2348–2357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parish C R. The relationship between humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Transplant Rev 1972; 13: 35–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsura Y. Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in mice. III. Dynamic balance between delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody response. Immunology 1977; 32: 227–235
   Google Scholar
• Del Prete G, De Carli M, Mastromauro C, Biagiotti R, Macchia D, Falagiani P, Ricci M, Romagnani S. Purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and excretory-secretory antigen(s) of Toxocara canis expand in vitro human T cells with stable and opposite (type 1 T helper or type 2 T helper) profile of cytokine production. J Clin Invest 1991; 88: 346–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson C F, Oukka M, Kuchroo V J, Sacks D. CD4(+)CD25(−)Foxp3(−) Th1 cells are the source of IL-10-mediated immune suppression in chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Exp Med 2007; 204: 285–297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankovic D, Kullberg M C, Feng C G, Goldszmid R S, Collazo C M, Wilson M, Wynn T A, Kamanaka M, Flavell R A, Sher A. Conventional T-bet(+)Foxp3(−) Th1 cells are the major source of host-protective regulatory IL-10 during intracellular protozoan infection. J Exp Med 2007; 204: 273–283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Garra A, Stapleton G, Dhar V, Pearce M, Schumacher J, Rugo H, Barbis D, Stall A, Cupp J, Moore K, et al. Production of cytokines by mouse B cells: B lymphomas and normal B cells produce interleukin 10. Int Immunol 1990; 2: 821–832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Garra A, Chang R, Go N, Hastings R, Haughton G, Howard M. Ly-1 B (B-1) cells are the main source of B cell-derived interleukin 10. Eur J Immunol 1992; 22: 711–717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burdin N, Peronne C, Banchereau J, Rousset F. Epstein–Barr virus transformation induces B lymphocytes to produce human interleukin 10. J Exp Med 1993; 177: 295–304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin D, Park C D, Sharma V. Human B cell interleukin 10. Leuk Lymphoma 1994; 12: 205–210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards A D, Manickasingham S P, Sporri R, Diebold S S, Schulz O, Sher A, Kaisho T, Akira S, Reis e Sousa. Microbial recognition via Toll-like receptor-dependent and -independent pathways determines the cytokine response of murine dendritic cell subsets to CD40 triggering. J Immunol 2002; 169: 3652–3660
   Google Scholar
• McGuirk P, McCann C, Mills K H. Pathogen-specific T regulatory 1 cells induced in the respiratory tract by a bacterial molecule that stimulates interleukin 10 production by dendritic cells: A novel strategy for evasion of protective T helper type 1 responses by Bordetella pertussis. J Exp Med 2002; 195: 221–231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon S, Agrawal A, Van Dyke T, Landreth G, McCauley L, Koh A, Maliszewski C, Akira S, Pulendran B. A Toll-like receptor 2 ligand stimulates Th2 responses in vivo, via induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Fos in dendritic cells. J Immunol 2004; 172: 4733–4743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groux H, O'Garra A, Bigler M, Rouleau M, Antonenko S, de Vries J E, Roncarolo M G. A CD4+ T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis. Nature 1997; 389: 737–742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pontoux C, Banz A, Papiernik M. Natural CD4 CD25(+) regulatory T cells control the burst of superantigen-induced cytokine production: The role of IL-10. Int Immunol 2002; 14: 233–239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Garra A, Vieira P. Regulatory T cells and mechanisms of immune system control. Nat Med 2004; 10: 801–805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlig H H, Coombes J, Mottet C, Izcue A, Thompson C, Fanger A, Tannapfel A, Fontenot J D, Ramsdell F, Powrie F. Characterization of Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ and IL-10- secreting CD4+CD25+ T cells during cure of colitis. J Immunol 2006; 177: 5852–5860
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kamanaka M, Kim S T, Wan Y Y, Sutterwala F S, Lara-Tejero M, Galan J E, Harhaj E, Flavell R A. Expression of interleukin-10 in intestinal lymphocytes detected by an interleukin-10 reporter knockin tiger mouse. Immunity 2006; 25: 941–952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roncarolo M G, Gregori S, Battaglia M, Bacchetta R, Fleischhauer K, Levings M K. Interleukin-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T cells in rodents and humans. Immunol Rev 2006; 212: 28–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Shimizu J, Yamazaki S, Sakihama T, Itoh M, Kuniyasu Y, Nomura T, Toda M, Takahashi T. Immunologic tolerance maintained by CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells: Their common role in controlling autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and transplantation tolerance. Immunol Rev 2001; 182: 18–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shevach E M. CD4+ CD25+ suppressor T cells: More questions than answers. Nat Rev Immunol 2002; 2: 389–400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maloy K J, Salaun L, Cahill R, Dougan G, Saunders N J, Powrie F. CD4+CD25+ T(R) cells suppress innate immune pathology through cytokine-dependent mechanisms. J Exp Med 2003; 197: 111–119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maloy K J, Powrie F. Regulatory T cells in the control of immune pathology. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 816–822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobbold S P, Graca L, Lin C Y, Adams E, Waldmann H. Regulatory T cells in the induction and maintenance of peripheral transplantation tolerance. Transpl Int 2003; 16: 66–75
   Google Scholar
• Barrat F J, Cua D J, Boonstra A, Richards D F, Crain C, Savelkoul H F, de Waal-Malefyt R, Coffman R L, Hawrylowicz C M, O'Garra A. In vitro generation of interleukin 10-producing regulatory CD4(+) T cells is induced by immunosuppressive drugs and inhibited by T helper type 1 (Th1)- and Th2-inducing cytokines. J Exp Med 2002; 195: 603–616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buer J, Lanoue A, Franzke A, Garcia C, von Boehmer H, Sarukhan A. Interleukin 10 secretion and impaired effector function of major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells anergized in vivo. J Exp Med 1998; 187: 177–183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suri-Payer E, Cantor H. Differential cytokine requirements for regulation of autoimmune gastritis and colitis by CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. J Autoimmun 2001; 16: 115–123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkhart C, Liu G Y, Anderton S M, Metzler B, Wraith D C. Peptide-induced T cell regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A role for IL-10. Int Immunol 1999; 11: 1625–1634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbari O, Freeman G J, Meyer E H, Greenfield E A, Chang T T, Sharpe A H, Berry G, DeKruyff R H, Umetsu D T. Antigen-specific regulatory T cells develop via the ICOS-ICOS-ligand pathway and inhibit allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity. Nat Med 2002; 8: 1024–1032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Koldzic D N, Izikson L, Reddy J, Nazareno R F, Sakaguchi S, Kuchroo V K, Weiner H L. IL-10 is involved in the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells. Int Immunol 2004; 16: 249–256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asseman C, Mauze S, Leach M W, Coffman R L, Powrie F. An essential role for interleukin 10 in the function of regulatory T cells that inhibit intestinal inflammation. J Exp Med 1999; 190: 995–1004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu D H, de Waal M R, Fiorentino D F, Dang M N, Vieira P, de Vries J, Spits H, Mosmann T R, Moore K W. Expression of interleukin-10 activity by Epstein–Barr virus protein BCRF1. Science 1990; 250: 830–832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rode H J, Janssen W, Rosen-Wolff A, Bugert J J, Thein P, Becker Y, Darai G. The genome of equine herpesvirus type 2 harbors an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-like gene. Virus Genes 1993; 7: 111–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudley D J, Edwin S S, Dangerfield A, Jackson K, Trautman M S. Regulation of decidual cell and chorion cell production of interleukin-10 by purified bacterial products. Am J Reprod Immunol 1997; 38: 246–251
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marvin K W, Keelan J A, Eykholt R L, Sato T A, Mitchell M D. Use of cDNA arrays to generate differential expression profiles for inflammatory genes in human gestational membranes delivered at term and preterm. Mol Hum Reprod 2002; 8: 399–408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heikkinen J, Mottonen M, Komi J, Alanen A, Lassila O. Phenotypic characterization of human decidual macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 131: 498–505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lidstrom C, Matthiesen L, Berg G, Sharma S, Ernerudh J, Ekerfelt C. Cytokine secretion patterns of NK cells and macrophages in early human pregnancy decidua and blood: Implications for suppressor macrophages in decidua. Am J Reprod Immunol 2003; 50: 444–452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigano P, Gaffuri B, Somigliana E, Infantino M, Vignali M, Di Blasio A M. Interleukin-10 is produced by human uterine natural killer cells but does not affect their production of interferon-gamma. Mol Hum Reprod 2001; 7: 971–977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krasnow J S, Tollerud D J, Naus G, DeLoia J A. Endometrial Th2 cytokine expression throughout the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. Hum Reprod 1996; 11: 1747–1754
   Google Scholar
• Trinchieri G. Interleukin-10 production by effector T cells: Th1 cells show self control. J Exp Med 2007; 204: 239–243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankovic D, Trinchieri G. IL-10 or not IL-10: That is the question. Nat Immunol 2007; 8: 1281–1283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald D C, Zhang G X, El-Behi M, Fonseca-Kelly Z, Li H, Yu S, Saris C J, Gran B, Ciric B, Rostami A. Suppression of autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system by interleukin 10 secreted by interleukin 27-stimulated T cells. Nat Immunol 2007; 8: 1372–1379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awasthi A, Carrier Y, Peron J P, Bettelli E, Kamanaka M, Flavell R A, Kuchroo V K, Oukka M, Weiner H L. A dominant function for interleukin 27 in generating interleukin 10-producing anti-inflammatory T cells. Nat Immunol 2007; 8: 1380–1389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stumhofer J S, Silver J S, Laurence A, Porrett P M, Harris T H, Turka L A, Ernst M, Saris C J, O'Shea J J, Hunter C A. Interleukins 27 and 6 induce STAT3-mediated T cell production of interleukin 10. Nat Immunol 2007; 8: 1363–1371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGeachy M J, Bak-Jensen K S, Chen Y, Tato C M, Blumenschein W, McClanahan T, Cua D J. TGF-beta and IL-6 drive the production of IL-17 and IL-10 by T cells and restrain T(H)-17 cell-mediated pathology. Nat Immunol 2007; 8: 1390–1397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazzinelli R T, Wysocka M, Hieny S, Scharton-Kersten T, Cheever A, Kuhn R, Muller W, Trinchieri G, Sher A. In the absence of endogenous IL-10, mice acutely infected with Toxoplasma gondii succumb to a lethal immune response dependent on CD4+ T cells and accompanied by overproduction of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. J Immunol 1996; 157: 798–805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter C A, Ellis-Neyes L A, Slifer T, Kanaly S, Grunig G, Fort M, Rennick D, Araujo F G. IL-10 is required to prevent immune hyperactivity during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. J Immunol 1997; 158: 3311–3316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Corraliza I, Langhorne J. A defect in interleukin-10 leads to enhanced malarial disease in Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi infection in mice. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 4435–4442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deckert M, Soltek S, Geginat G, Lutjen S, Montesinos-Rongen M, Hof H, Schluter D. Endogenous interleukin-10 is required for prevention of a hyperinflammatory intracerebral immune response in Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 4561–4571
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nylen S, Sacks D. Interleukin-10 and the pathogenesis of human visceral leishmaniasis. Trends Immunol 2007; 28: 378–384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilic D, Gravenor I, Robson N, Lammas D A, Drysdale P, Calvert J E, Cant A J, Abinun M. Deregulated production of protective cytokines in response to Candida albicans infection in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Infect Immun 2003; 71: 5690–5699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornari M C, Bava A J, Guereno M T, Berardi V E, Silaf M R, Negroni R, Diez R A. High serum interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in chronic paracoccidioidomycosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001; 8: 1036–1038
   Google Scholar
• Benard G, Romano C C, Cacere C R, Juvenale M, Mendes-Giannini M J, Duarte A J. Imbalance of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 secretion in the immunosuppression associated with human paracoccidioidomycosis. Cytokine 2001; 13: 248–252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano C C, Mendes-Giannini M J, Duarte A J, Benard G. IL-12 and neutralization of endogenous IL-10 revert the in vitro antigen-specific cellular immunosuppression of paracoccidioidomycosis patients. Cytokine 2002; 18: 149–157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano C C, Mendes-Giannini M J, Duarte A J, Benard G. The role of interleukin-10 in the differential expression of interleukin-12p70 and its beta2 receptor on patients with active or treated paracoccidioidomycosis and healthy infected subjects. Clin Immunol 2005; 114: 86–94
   Google Scholar
• Pagliari C, Fernandes E R, Guedes F, Alves C, Sotto M N. Role of mast cells as IL10 producing cells in paracoccidioidomycosis skin lesions. Mycopathologia 2006; 162: 331–335
   Google Scholar
• Costa D L, Dias-Melicio L A, Acorci M J, Bordon A P, Tavian E G, Peracoli M T, Soares A M. Effect of interleukin-10 on the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis killing by gamma-interferon activated human neutrophils. Microbiol Immunol 2007; 51: 73–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg D J, Kuhn R, Rajewsky K, Muller W, Menon S, Davidson N, Grunig G, Rennick D. Interleukin-10 is a central regulator of the response to LPS in murine models of endotoxic shock and the Shwartzman reaction but not endotoxin tolerance. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 2339–2347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang R, Rutschman R L, Greaves D R, Murray P J. Autocrine deactivation of macrophages in transgenic mice constitutively overexpressing IL-10 under control of the human CD68 promoter. J Immunol 2002; 168: 3402–3411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roers A, Siewe L, Strittmatter E, Deckert M, Schluter D, Stenzel W, Gruber A D, Krieg T, Rajewsky K, Muller W. T cell-specific inactivation of the interleukin 10 gene in mice results in enhanced T cell responses but normal innate responses to lipopolysaccharide or skin irritation. J Exp Med 2004; 200: 1289–1297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blois S M, Ilarregui J M, Tometten M, Garcia M, Orsal A S, Cordo-Russo R, Toscano M A, Bianco G A, Kobelt P, Handjiski B, et al. A pivotal role for galectin-1 in fetomaternal tolerance. Nat Med 2007; 13: 1450–1457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camby I, Le Mercier M, Lefranc F, Kiss R. Galectin-1: A small protein with major functions. Glycobiology 2006; 16: R137–157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Leij J, van den Berg A, Blokzijl T, Harms G, van Goor H, Zwiers P, van Weeghel R, Poppema S, Visser L. Dimeric galectin-1 induces IL-10 production in T-lymphocytes: An important tool in the regulation of the immune response. J Pathol 2004; 204: 511–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Leij J, van den Berg A, Harms G, Eschbach H, Vos H, Zwiers P, van Weeghel R, Groen H, Poppema S, Visser L. Strongly enhanced IL-10 production using stable galectin-1 homodimers. Mol Immunol 2007; 44: 506–513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bevan B H, Kilpatrick D C, Liston W A, Hirabayashi J, Kasai K. Immunohistochemical localization of a beta-d-galactoside-binding lectin at the human maternofetal interface. Histochem J 1994; 26: 582–586
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Than N G, Erez O, Wildman D E, Tarca A L, Edwin S S, Abbas A, Hotra J, Kusanovic J P, Gotsch F, Hassan S S, Espinoza J, Papp Z, Romero R. Severe preeclampsia is characterized by increased placental expression of galectin-1. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21: 429–442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walzel H, Neels P, Bremer H, Kohler H, Raab N, Barten M, Brock J. Immunohistochemical and glycohistochemical localization of the beta-galactoside-binding S-type lectin in human placenta. Acta Histochem 1995; 97: 33–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maquoi E, van den Brule F A, Castronovo V, Foidart J M. Changes in the distribution pattern of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in human placenta correlates with the differentiation pathways of trophoblasts. Placenta 1997; 18: 433–439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicovac L, Jankovic M, Cuperlovic M. Galectin-1 and -3 in cells of the first trimester placental bed. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 730–735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Than N G, Erez O, Wildman D E, Edwin S, Masaki-Tovi S, Gotsch F, Cushenberry E, Pineles B, Montenegro D, Espinoza J, et al. Preterm labor and preterm PROM are characterized by an increase in maternal serum concentration of galectin-1. Reprod Sci 2007; 14: 90A
   Google Scholar
• Fiorentino D F, Zlotnik A, Vieira P, Mosmann T R, Howard M, Moore K W, O'Garra A. IL-10 acts on the antigen-presenting cell to inhibit cytokine production by Th1 cells. J Immunol 1991; 146: 3444–3451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorentino D F, Zlotnik A, Mosmann T R, Howard M, O'Garra A. IL-10 inhibits cytokine production by activated macrophages. J Immunol 1991; 147: 3815–3822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogdan C, Vodovotz Y, Nathan C. Macrophage deactivation by interleukin 10. J Exp Med 1991; 174: 1549–1555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding L, Linsley P S, Huang L Y, Germain R N, Shevach E M. IL-10 inhibits macrophage costimulatory activity by selectively inhibiting the up-regulation of B7 expression. J Immunol 1993; 151: 1224–1234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willems F, Marchant A, Delville J P, Gerard C, Delvaux A, Velu T, de B M, Goldman M. Interleukin-10 inhibits B7 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on human monocytes. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24: 1007–1009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buelens C, Verhasselt V, De Groote D, Thielemans K, Goldman M, Willems F. Interleukin-10 prevents the generation of dendritic cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with interleukin-4 and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27: 756–762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allavena P, Piemonti L, Longoni D, Bernasconi S, Stoppacciaro A, Ruco L, Mantovani A. IL-10 prevents the differentiation of monocytes to dendritic cells but promotes their maturation to macrophages. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28: 359–369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morel A S, Quaratino S, Douek D C, Londei M. Split activity of interleukin-10 on antigen capture and antigen presentation by human dendritic cells: Definition of a maturative step. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27: 26–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koch F, Stanzl U, Jennewein P, Janke K, Heufler C, Kampgen E, Romani N, Schuler G. High level IL-12 production by murine dendritic cells: Upregulation via MHC class II and CD40 molecules and downregulation by IL-4 and IL-10. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 741–746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinchieri G. Regulatory role of T cells producing both interferon gamma and interleukin 10 in persistent infection. J Exp Med 2001; 194: F53–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu D H, Moore K W, Spits H. Differential effects of IL-4 and IL-10 on IL-2-induced IFN-gamma synthesis and lymphokine-activated killer activity. Int Immunol 1992; 4: 563–569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson-Snipes L, Dhar V, Bond M W, Mosmann T R, Moore K W, Rennick D M. Interleukin 10: A novel stimulatory factor for mast cells and their progenitors. J Exp Med 1991; 173: 507–510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghildyal N, McNeil H P, Gurish M F, Austen K F, Stevens R L. Transcriptional regulation of the mucosal mast cell-specific protease gene, MMCP-2, by interleukin 10 and interleukin 3. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 8473–8477
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghildyal N, McNeil H P, Stechschulte S, Austen K F, Silberstein D, Gurish M F, Somerville L L, Stevens R L. IL-10 induces transcription of the gene for mouse mast cell protease-1, a serine protease preferentially expressed in mucosal mast cells of Trichinella spiralis-infected mice. J Immunol 1992; 149: 2123–2129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madsen K L, Lewis S A, Tavernini M M, Hibbard J, Fedorak R N. Interleukin 10 prevents cytokine-induced disruption of T84 monolayer barrier integrity and limits chloride secretion. Gastroenterology 1997; 113: 151–159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyborne K D, McGregor J A, Henry G, Witkin S S, Abrams J S. Interleukin-10 in amniotic fluid at midtrimester: Immune activation and suppression in relation to fetal growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 171: 55–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudley D J, Hunter C, Mitchell M D, Varner M W. Amniotic fluid interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations during pregnancy and with labor. J Reprod Immunol 1997; 33: 147–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greig P C, Herbert W N, Robinette B L, Teot L A. Amniotic fluid interleukin-10 concentrations increase through pregnancy and are elevated in patients with preterm labor associated with intrauterine infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173: 1223–1227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes V A, Wallace J M, Gilmore W S, McFaul P, Alexander H D. Plasma levels of the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin-10 during normal human pregnancy: A longitudinal study. Cytokine 2003; 21: 265–269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Weiden R M, Janssen J W, Stegeman M. Systemic interleukin-10 concentrations do not alter between the first and second trimester in normal pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2005; 273: 150–151
   Google Scholar
• Enk A H, Katz S I. Identification and induction of keratinocyte-derived IL-10. J Immunol 1992; 149: 92–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivas J M, Ullrich S E. Systemic suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity by supernatants from UV-irradiated keratinocytes. An essential role for keratinocyte-derived IL-10. J Immunol 1992; 149: 3865–3871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimatrai M, Blanco O, Munoz-Fernandez R, Tirado I, Martin F, Abadia-Molina A C. Contractile activity of human decidual stromal cells. II. Effect of interleukin-10. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 6126–6130
   Google Scholar
• Apuzzio J, Chan Y, Al-Khan A, Illsley N, Kim P L, Vonhaggen S. Second-trimester amniotic fluid interleukin-10 concentration predicts preterm delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2004; 15: 313–317
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peltier M R. Immunology of term and preterm labor. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003; 1: 122
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Romero R, Espinoza J, Goncalves L F, Kusanovic J P, Friel L A, Nien J K. Inflammation in preterm and term labour and delivery. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2006; 11: 317–326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindstrom T M, Bennett P R. The role of nuclear factor kappa B in human labour. Reproduction 2005; 130: 569–581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Espinoza J, Goncalves L F, Kusanovic J P, Friel L, Hassan S. The role of inflammation and infection in preterm birth. Semin Reprod Med 2007; 25: 21–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddad R, Tromp G, Kuivaniemi H, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim Y M, Mazor M, Romero R. Human spontaneous labor without histologic chorioamnionitis is characterized by an acute inflammation gene expression signature. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:394: e1–24
   Google Scholar
• Jones C A, Finlay-Jones J J, Hart P H. Type-1 and type-2 cytokines in human late-gestation decidual tissue. Biol Reprod 1997; 57: 303–311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna N, Bonifacio L, Weinberger B, Reddy P, Murphy S, Romero R, Sharma S. Evidence for interleukin-10-mediated inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin production in preterm human placenta. Am J Reprod Immunol 2006; 55: 19–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson K L, Keelan J A, Mitchell M D. Labor-associated changes in interleukin-10 production and its regulation by immunomodulators in human choriodecidua. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 4332–4337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vives A, Balasch J, Yague J, Quinto L, Ordi J, Vanrell J A. Type-1 and type-2 cytokines in human decidual tissue and trophoblasts from normal and abnormal pregnancies detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 42: 361–368
   Google Scholar
• Romero R, Parvizi S T, Oyarzun E, Mazor M, Wu Y K, Avila C, Athanassiadis A P, Mitchell M D. Amniotic fluid interleukin-1 in spontaneous labor at term. J Reprod Med 1990; 35: 235–238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan E C, Fraser S, Yin S, Yeo G, Kwek K, Fairclough R J, Smith R. Human myometrial genes are differentially expressed in labor: A suppression subtractive hybridization study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 2435–2441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisits A M, Smith R, Mesiano S, Yeo G, Kwek K, MacIntyre D, Chan E C. Inflammatory aetiology of human myometrial activation tested using directed graphs. PloS Comput Biol 2005; 1: 132–136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell M J, Hallenbeck J M, Gallo V. Determining the fetal inflammatory response in an experimental model of intrauterine inflammation in rats. Pediatr Res 2004; 56: 541–546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trautman M S, Collmer D, Edwin S S, White W, Mitchell M D, Dudley D J. Expression of interleukin-10 in human gestational tissues. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1997; 4: 247–253
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sato T A, Keelan J A, Mitchell M D. Critical paracrine interactions between TNF-alpha and IL-10 regulate lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human choriodecidual cytokine and prostaglandin E2 production. J Immunol 2003; 170: 158–166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortunato S J, Menon R, Lombardi S J. Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta inhibit amniochorion tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by contrasting mechanisms of action: Therapeutic implications in prematurity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 177: 803–809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortunato S J, Menon R, Lombardi S J, LaFleur B. Interleukin-10 inhibition of gelatinases in fetal membranes: Therapeutic implications in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 98: 284–288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth I, Fisher S J. IL-10 is an autocrine inhibitor of human placental cytotrophoblast MMP-9 production and invasion. Dev Biol 1999; 205: 194–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortunato S J, Menon R, Swan K F, Lombardi S J. Interleukin-10 inhibition of interleukin-6 in human amniochorionic membrane: Transcriptional regulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175: 1057–1065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortunato S J, Menon R, Lombardi S J. The effect of transforming growth factor and interleukin-10 on interleukin-8 release by human amniochorion may regulate histologic chorioamnionitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179: 794–799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell M D, Simpson K L, Keelan J A. Paradoxical proinflammatory actions of interleukin-10 in human amnion: Potential roles in term and preterm labour. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 4149–4152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown N L, Alvi S A, Elder M G, Bennett P R, Sullivan M H. The regulation of prostaglandin output from term intact fetal membranes by anti-inflammatory cytokines. Immunology 2000; 99: 124–133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomini F, Caruso A, Challis J R. Interleukin-10 modifies the effects of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the activity and expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 and the NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in cultured term human villous trophoblast and chorion trophoblast cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 4645–4651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuss E, Fimmers R, Kruger A, Becker C, Rittner C, Hohler T. Differential regulation of interleukin-10 production by genetic and environmental factors—a twin study. Genes Immun 2002; 3: 407–413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westendorp R G, Langermans J A, Huizinga T W, Verweij C L, Sturk A. Genetic influence on cytokine production in meningococcal disease. Lancet 1997; 349: 1912–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eskdale J, Gallagher G. A polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the human IL-10 promoter. Immunogenetics 1995; 42: 444–445
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eskdale J, Kube D, Gallagher G. A second polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the 5′ flanking region of the human IL-10 gene. Immunogenetics 1996; 45: 82–83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner D M, Williams D M, Sankaran D, Lazarus M, Sinnott P J, Hutchinson I V. An investigation of polymorphism in the interleukin-10 gene promoter. Eur J Immunogenet 1997; 24: 1–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalish R B, Vardhana S, Gupta M, Perni S C, Witkin S S. Interleukin-4 and -10 gene polymorphisms and spontaneous preterm birth in multifetal gestations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190: 702–706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy S P, Fast L D, Hanna N N, Sharma S. Uterine NK cells mediate inflammation-induced fetal demise in IL-10-null mice. J Immunol 2005; 175: 4084–4090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin V J, Sato T A, Mitchell M D, Keelan J A. Anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-beta on human placental cells in vitro. Am J Reprod Immunol 1998; 40: 319–325
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernoff A E, Granowitz E V, Shapiro L, Vannier E, Lonnemann G, Angel J B, Kennedy J S, Rabson A R, Wolff S M, Dinarello C A. A randomized, controlled trial of IL-10 in humans. Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production and immune responses. J Immunol 1995; 154: 5492–5499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huhn R D, Radwanski E, Gallo J, Affrime M B, Sabo R, Gonyo G, Monge A, Cutler D L. Pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous recombinant human interleukin-10 in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997; 62: 171–180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pajkrt D, Camoglio L, Tiel-van Buul M C, de Bruin K, Cutler D L, Affrime M B, Rikken G, van der Poll T, ten Cate J W, van Deventer S J. Attenuation of proinflammatory response by recombinant human IL-10 in human endotoxemia: Effect of timing of recombinant human IL-10 administration. J Immunol 1997; 158: 3971–3977
   Google Scholar
• Chakraborty A, Blum R A, Mis S M, Cutler D L, Jusko W J. Pharmacokinetic and adrenal interactions of IL-10 and prednisone in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 39: 624–635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lauw F N, Pajkrt D, Hack C E, Kurimoto M, van Deventer S J, van der Poll T. Proinflammatory effects of IL-10 during human endotoxemia. J Immunol 2000; 165: 2783–2789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asadullah K, Sterry W, Stephanek K, Jasulaitis D, Leupold M, Audring H, Volk H D, Docke W D. IL-10 is a key cytokine in psoriasis. Proof of principle by IL-10 therapy: A new therapeutic approach. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 783–794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McInnes I B, Illei G G, Danning C L, Yarboro C H, Crane M, Kuroiwa T, Schlimgen R, Lee E, Foster B, Flemming D, et al. IL-10 improves skin disease and modulates endothelial activation and leukocyte effector function in patients with psoriatic arthritis. J Immunol 2001; 167: 4075–4082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreiber S, Fedorak R N, Nielsen O H, Wild G, Williams C N, Nikolaus S, Jacyna M, Lashner B A, Gangl A, Rutgeerts P, et al. Safety and efficacy of recombinant human interleukin 10 in chronic active Crohn's disease. Crohn's Disease IL-10 Cooperative Study Group. Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 1461–1472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keystone E, Wherry J, Grint P. IL-10 as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1998; 24: 629–639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson D R, Lauwers G Y, Lau J Y, Davis G L. Interleukin 10 treatment reduces fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A pilot trial of interferon nonresponders. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: 655–660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang Y, Rodts-Palenik S, Cai Z, Bennett W A, Rhodes P G. Suppression of glial activation is involved in the protection of IL-10 on maternal E. coli induced neonatal white matter injury. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 2005; 157: 141–149
   PubMedGoogle Scholar