Exposure to active and passive smoking during pregnancy and severe small for gestational age at term

References

• Goldenberg R L, Culhane J F. Low birth weight in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85: 584S–590S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymanowski K, Chmaj-Wierzchowska K, Florek E, Opala T. Influence of tobacco smoking to development of the fetus, newborn and child: A review. Przegl Lek 2006; 63: 1135–1137
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: A report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Diseases Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, Atlanta, GA 2004
   Google Scholar
• Collet M, Beillard C. Consequences of smoking on fetal development and risk of intra-uterine growth retardation or in utero fetal death. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2005; 34: 135–145
   Google Scholar
• Steyn K, de Wet T, Saloojee Y, Nel H, Yach D. The influence of maternal cigarette smoking, snuff use and passive smoking on pregnancy outcomes: The Birth To Ten Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2006; 20: 90–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messecar D. Smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women: What does the evidence show?. J Acad Nurse Pract 2001; 3: 171–177
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell E A, Thompson J M, Robinson E, Wild C J, Becroft D M, Clark P M, Glavish N, Pattison N S, Pryer J E, et al. Smoking, nicotine and tar and risk of small for gestational age babies. Acta Paediatr 2002; 91: 323–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okah F A, Cai J, Hoff G L. Term-gestation low birth weight and health-compromising behaviors during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 105: 543–550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamek R, Florek E, Piekoszewski W, Anholcer A, Kaczmarek E. Effect of exposure to tobacco smoke and selected socioeconomic factors in occurrence of low birth weight. Przegl Lek 2005; 62: 965–969
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Windham G C, Eaton A, Hopkins B. Evidence for an association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and birth weight: A meta-analysis and new data. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1999; 13: 35–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hrubà D, Kachlìc P. Influence of maternal active and passive smoking during pregnancy on birth weight in newborns. Cent Eur J Publ Health 2000; 4: 249–252
   Google Scholar
• Aggazzotti G, Righi E, Fantuzzi G, Biasotti B, Ravera G, Kanitz S, Barbone F, Sansebastiano G, Ricci C, Leoni V, et al. The Collaborative Group for the Study of Chlorinated Drinking Waters and Pregnancy. Chlorination by-products (CBPs) in drinking water and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Italy. J Water Health 2004; 2: 233–247
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barbone F, Valent F, Brussi V, Tomasella L, Triassi M, Di Lieto A, Scognamiglio G, Righi E, Fantuzzi G, Casolari L, et al. Assessing exposure to drinking water disinfection by-product in pregnant women: Validity and reproducibility of a questionnaire. Epidemiology 2002; 13: 540–544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPSS 2000 for Windows, version 10.0. SPSS Inc, Chicago
   Google Scholar
• Grimmer I, Buhrer C, Dudenhausen J W, Stroux A, Reiher H, Halle H, Obladen M, et al. Preconceptional factors associated with very low birth weight delivery in East and West Berlin: A case–control study. BMC Public Health 2002; 2: 10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mongelli M, Wilcox M, Gardosi J. Estimating the date of confinement: Ultrasonographic biometry versus certain menstrual dates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174: 278–281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Weerd S, Thomas C M, Kuster J, Cikot R, Steegers E. Variation of serum and urine cotinine in passive and active smokers and applicability in preconceptional smoking cessation counselling. Environ Res 2002; 90: 119–124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOXA (Istituto Italiano per le Ricerche Statistiche). Il fumo in Italia 2003, Available at: http://www.doxa.it/italiano/ inchieste/fumo (accessed October 2005)
   Google Scholar
• O'Connor T Z, Holford T R, Leaderer B P, Hammond S K, Bracken M B. Measurement of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in pregnant women. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142: 1315–1321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebagliato M. Validation of self reported smoking. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56: 163–164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLorenze G N, Kharrazi M, Kaufman F L, Eskenazi B, Bernert J T. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in pregnant women: The association between self-report and serum cotinine. Environ Res 2002; 90: 21–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riboli E, Preston-Martin S, Saracci R, Haley N J, Tricopoulos D, Becher H, Burch J D, Fontham E T, Gao Y T, Jindal S K. Exposure of non-smoking women to environmental tobacco smoke: A 10-country collaborative study. Cancer Causes Control 1990; 1: 243–252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickett E, Rathouz P, Kasza K, Wakschlag L, Wright R. Self-reported smoking, cotinine levels, and patterns of smoking in pregnancy. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2005; 19: 368–376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar