Maternal–fetal cytomegalovirus infection: From diagnosis to therapy

References

• Mocarski E S, Jr, Courcelle C T. Cytomegaloviruses and their replication. Fields virology, D M Knipe, P M Howley, D E Griffin, R A Lamb, M A Martin, B Roizman, S E Straus. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2002; 2629–2673
   Google Scholar
• Stagno S, Britt W. Cytomegalovirus Infections. Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant6th ed., J S Remington, J O Klein. WB Saunders, Philadelphia 2006; 739–781
   Google Scholar
• Demmler G J. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection and disease. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis 1996; 12: 135–162
   Google Scholar
• Adler S P, Marshall B. Cytomegalovirus infections. Pediatr Rev 2007; 28: 92–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamprecht K, Maschmann J, Vochem M, Dietz K, Speer C P, Jahn G. Epidemiology of transmission of cytomegalovirus from mother to preterm infant by breastfeeding. Lancet 2001; 357: 513–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pass R F, Fowler K B, Boppana S B, Britt W J, Stagno S. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection following first trimester maternal infection: symptoms at birth and outcome. J Clin Virol 2006; 35: 216–220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revello M G, Zavattoni M, Furione M, Fabbri E, Gerna G. Preconceptional primary human cytomegalovirus infection and risk of congenital infection. J Infect Dis 2006; 193: 783–787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boppana S B, Rivera L B, Fowler K B, Mach M, Britt W J. Intrauterine transmission of cytomegalovirus to infants of women with preconceptional immunity. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1366–1371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilleri D, Fornara C, Furione M, Zavattoni M, Revello M G, Gerna G. Development of human cytomegalovirus-specific T cell immunity during primary infection of pregnant women and its correlation with virus transmission to the fetus. J Infect Dis 2007; 195: 1062–1070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira L, Maidji E, McDonagh S, Tabata T. Insights into viral transmission at the uterine-placental interface. Trends Microbiol 2005; 13: 164–174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Torre R, Nigro G, Best A M, Adler S P. Placental enlargement is predictive of a primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection and fetal disease. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43: 994–1000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpe J J. Viral, protozoan, and related intracranial infections. Neurology of the newborn3rd ed. WB Saunders, Philadelphia 1995; 675–729
   Google Scholar
• Nigro G, Anceschi M M, Cosmi E V, Congenital Cytomegalic Disease Collaborating Group. Clinical manifestations and abnormal laboratory findings in pregnant women with primary cytomegalovirus infection. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2003; 110: 572–577
   Google Scholar
• Cannon M J, Davis K F. Washing our hands of the congenital cytomegalovirus disease epidemic. BMC Public Health 2005; 5: 70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerra B, Simonazzi G, Banfi A, Lazzarotto T, Farina A, Lanari M, Rizzo N. Impact of diagnostic and confirmatory tests and prenatal counseling on the rate of pregnancy termination among women with positive cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin M antibody titers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196: 221.e1–221.e6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson C T, Demmler G J. Cytomegalovirus infection in the pregnant mother, fetus, and newborn infant. Clin Perinatol 1997; 24: 151–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerra B, Simonazzi G, Puccetti C, Lanari M, Farina A, Lazzarotto T, Rizzo N. Ultrasound prediction of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 198: 380.e1–380.e7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girard N, Chaumoitre K, Confort-Gouny S, Viola A, Levrier O. Magnetic resonance imaging and the detection of fetal brain anomalies, injury, and physiologic adaptations. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2006; 18: 164–176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanari M, Lazzarotto T, Venturi V, Papa I, Gabrielli L, Guerra B, Landini M P, Faldella G. Neonatal cytomegalovirus blood load and risk of sequelae in symptomatic and asymptomatic congenitally infected newborns. Pediatrics 2006; 117: e76–e83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler S P, Nigro G. The importance of CMV specific antibodies for the prevention of fetal CMV infection or disease. Herpes J, in press
   Google Scholar
• Nigro G, Adler S P, La Torre R, Best A M, Congenital Cytomegalic Disease Collaborating Group. Passive immunization during pregnancy for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1350–1362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler S P, Nigro G, Pereira L. Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus infections. Semin Perinatol 2007; 31: 10–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schleiss M R. Comparison of vaccine strategies against congenital CMV infection in the guinea pig model. J Clin Virol 2008; 41: 224–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigro G, La Torre R, Pentimalli H, Taverna P, Lituania M, Martinez B de Tejada, Adler S P. Regression of fetal cerebral abnormalities by primary cytomegalovirus infection following hyperimmunoglobulin therapy. Prenat Diagn 2008; 28512–28517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duff P. A thoughtful algorithm for the accurate diagnosis of primary CMV infection in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196: 196–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacquemard F, Yamamoto M, Costa J M, Romand S, Jaqz-Aigrain E, Dejean A, Daffos F, Ville Y. Maternal administration of valaciclovir in symptomatic intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 114: 1113–1121
   Google Scholar