References
- Goldenberg RL, Rouse DJ. Prevention of premature birth. N Engl J Med 1998;339:313–20.
- Behrman RE, Butler AS, eds. Preterm birth: causes, consequences, and prevention. Washington, DC: National Academic Press; 2007.
- Healy AJ, Malone FD, Sullivan LM, et al. Early access to prenatal care: implications for racial disparity in perinatal mortality. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:625–31.
- United States Census 2010. 2012. Available from: http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb12-68.html
- Gold KJ, DeMonner SM, Lantz PM, Hayward RA. Prematurity and low birth weight as potential mediators of higher stillbirth risk in mixed black/white race couples. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2010;19:767–73.
- Getahun D, Ananth CV, Selvam N, Demissie K. Adverse perinatal outcomes among interracial couples in the United States. Obstet Gynecol 2005;106:81–8.
- Shaw GM, Wise PH, Mayo J, et al. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2014;28:302–11.
- Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Shaw GM, Currier RJ, et al. Association of early-preterm birth with abnormal levels of routinely collected first- and second-trimester biomarkers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013;208:492 e1–11.
- Boyd HA, Poulsen G, Wohlfahrt J, et al. Maternal contributions to preterm delivery. Am J Epidemiol 2009;170:1358–64.
- Nystrom MJ, Caughey AB, Lyell DJ, et al. Perinatal outcomes among Asian-white interracial couples. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;199:385 e1.
- Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Ananth CV. Trends in spontaneous and indicated preterm delivery among singleton gestations in the United States, 2005-2012. Obstet Gynecol 2014;124:1069–74.
- Isaacs RB, Nock SL, Spencer CE, et al. Racial disparities in renal transplant outcomes. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;34:706–12.
- Butkus DE, Meydrech EF, Raju SS. Racial differences in the survival of cadaveric renal allografts. Overriding effects of HLA matching and socioeconomic factors. N Engl J Med 1992;327:840–5.
- Erlebacher A. Mechanisms of T cell tolerance towards the allogeneic fetus. Nat Rev Immunol 2013;13:23–33.
- Mold JE, Michaëlsson J, Burt TD, et al. Maternal alloantigens promote the development of tolerogenic fetal regulatory T cells in utero. Science 2008;322:1562–5.
- Rowe JH, Ertelt JM, Xin L, Way SS. Pregnancy imprints regulatory memory that sustains anergy to fetal antigen. Nature 2012;490:102–6.
- James SA. Racial and ethnic differences in infant mortality and low birth weight. A psychosocial critique. Ann Epidemiol 1993;3:130–6.
- Sankar P, Cho MK, Condit CM, et al. Genetic research and health disparities. JAMA 2004;291:2985–9.
- Dole N, Savitz DA, Siega-Riz AM, et al. Psychosocial factors and preterm birth among African American and White women in central North Carolina. Am J Public Health 2004;94:1358–65.
- Rich-Edwards J, Krieger N, Majzoub J, et al. Maternal experiences of racism and violence as predictors of preterm birth: rationale and study design. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2001;15(Suppl 2):124–35.
- David RJ, Collins JW., Jr. Bad outcomes in black babies: race or racism? Ethn Dis 1991;1:236–44.
- Mendez DD, Spriggs AL. Race as a social construct: the genetic fallacy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:484.
- Unites States Census 2010. 2012. Available from: http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb12-68.html