References
- Viñals F, Heredia F, Giuliano A. The role of the three vessels and trachea view (3VT) in the diagnosis of congenital heart defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2003;22:358–367.
- Yoo SJ, Lee YH, Kim ES, et al. Three-vessel view of the fetal upper mediastinum: an easy means of detecting abnormalities of the ventricular outflow tracts and great arteries during obstetric screening. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1997;9:173–182.
- Brown DL. Borderline findings in fetal cardiac sonography. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 1998;19:329–335.
- Kirk JS, Comstock CH, Lee W, et al. Fetal cardiac asymmetry: a marker for congenital heart disease. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;93:189–192.
- Carvalho JS, Allan LD, Chaoui R, et al. ISUOG practice guidelines (updated): sonographic screening examination of the fetal heart. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013;41:348–359.
- Hornberger LK, Sahn DJ, Kleinman CS, et al. Antenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta: a multicenter experience. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:417–423.
- Pasquini L, Mellander M, Seale A, et al. Z-scores of the fetal aortic isthmus and duct: an aid to assessing arch hypoplasia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;29:628–633.
- Brown DL, Durfee SM, Hornberger LK. Ventricular discrepancy as a sonographic sign of coarctation of the fetal aorta: how reliable is it? J Ultrasound Med. 1997 Feb;16:95–99.
- Whiting PF, Rutjes AWS, Westwood ME, et al. Group tQ-: QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011; 155:529–536.
- Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2009;339:b2700.
- David N, Iselin M, Blaysat G, et al. Disproportion in diameter of the cardiac chambers and great arteries in the fetus. Contribution to the prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1997;90:673–678.
- Allan LD, Chita SK, Anderson RH, et al. Coarctation of the aorta in prenatal life: an echocardiographic, anatomical, and functional study. Br Heart J. 1988;59:356–360.
- Benacerraf BR, Saltzman DH, Sanders SP. Sonographic sign suggesting the prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta. J Ultrasound Med. 1989;8:65–69.
- Stos B, Le Bidois J, Fermont L, Bonnet D. [Is antenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta possible?]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2007;100:428–432.
- Jung E, Won HS, Lee PR, et al. Clinical implication of isolated right dominant heart in the fetus. Prenat Diagn. 2007;27:695–698.
- Sivanandam S, Nyholm J, Wey A, Bass JL. Right ventricular enlargement in utero: is it coarctation? Pediatr Cardiol. 2015; 36:1376–1381.
- Slodki M, Rychik J, Moszura T, et al. Measurement of the great vessels in the mediastinum could help distinguish true from false-positive coarctation of the aorta in the third trimester. J Ultrasound Med. 2009;28:1313–1317.
- Gómez-Montes E, Herraiz I, Gómez-Arriaga PI, et al. Gestational age-specific scoring systems for the prediction of coarctation of the aorta. Prenat Diagn. 2014;34:1198–1206.
- Nomiyama M, Ueda Y, Toyota Y, Kawano H. Fetal aortic isthmus growth and morphology in late gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002;19:153–157.
- Benacerraf BR. Sonographic detection of fetal anomalies of the aortic and pulmonary arteries: value of four-chamber view vs direct images. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;163:1483–1489.
- Gómez-Montes E, Herraiz I, Mendoza A, et al. Prediction of coarctation of the aorta in the second half of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013;41:298–305.
- Rasanen J, Huhta JC, Weiner S, et al. Fetal branch pulmonary arterial vascular impedance during the second half of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;174:1441–1449.
- Chaoui R, Taddei F, Rizzo G, et al. Doppler echocardiography of the main stems of the pulmonary arteries in the normal human fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1998;11:173–179.
- Matsui H, Mellander M, Roughton M, et al. Morphological and physiological predictors of fetal aortic coarctation. Circulation. 2008;118:1793–1801.
- Head CE, Jowett VC, Sharland GK, Simpson JM. Timing of presentation and postnatal outcome of infants suspected of having coarctation of the aorta during fetal life. Heart. 2005;91:1070–1074.
- Yagel S, Arbel R, Anteby EY, et al. The three vessels and trachea view (3VT) in fetal cardiac scanning. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002;20:340–345.
- Quarello E, Bault JP, Chaoui R. Prenatal three-vessel and tracheal view: abnormal features. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2014;42:273–289.
- Gardiner H, Chaoui R. The fetal three-vessel and tracheal view revisited. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013;18:261–268.
- Italian Society of Ultrasound in Obstetric and Gynaecology (SIEOG) – SIEOG Guidelines 2015. Editeam, Ferrara, Italy.
- Molina FS, Nicolaides KH, Carvalho JS. Two- and three-dimensional imaging of coarctation shelf in the human fetus. Heart. 2008;94:584
- Quarello E, Stos B, Fermont L. Prenatal diagnosis of aorta coarctations. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2011;39:442–453.
- Buyens A, Gyselaers W, Coumans A, et al. Difficult prenatal diagnosis: fetal coarctation. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2012;4:230–236.
- Quarello AR, Ville Y, Carvalho JS. The aortic istmus-ductal angle: a novel measurement to diagnose fetal aortic coarctation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;32:262–263.
- Jowett V, Aparicio P, Santhakumaran S, et al. Sonographic predictors of surgery in fetal coarctation of the aorta. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;40:47–54.
- Sharland GK, Chan KY, Allan LD. Coarctation of the aorta: difficulties in prenatal diagnosis. Br Heart J. 1994;71:70–75.