424
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Physiological effects of prebiotics and its role in prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates

, &
Pages 2071-2078 | Received 29 Mar 2017, Accepted 15 May 2017, Published online: 31 May 2017

References

  • Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Stoll BJ, et al. Neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants after necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics. 2005;115:696–703.
  • Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Oh W, et al. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2001;107:E1.
  • Schwiertz A, Gruhl B, Lobnitz M, et al. Development of the intestinal bacterial composition in hospitalised preterm infants in comparison with breast-fed, full-term infants. Pediatr Res. 2003;54:393–399.
  • Butel MJ, Suau A, Campeotto F, et al. Conditions of bifidobacterial colonization in preterm infants: a prospective analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;44:577–582.
  • Claud EC, Walker WA. Hypothesis: inappropriate colonisation of the premature intestine can cause neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Faseb J. 2001;15:1398–1403.
  • Dai D, Walker WA. Protective nutrients and bacterial colonization in the immature human gut. Adv Pediatr. 1999;46:353–382.
  • Meinzen-Derr J, Poindexter B, Wrage L, et al. Role of human milk in extremely low birth weight infants’ risk of necrotizing enterocolitis or death. J Perinatol. 2009;29:57–62.
  • Armanian AM, Sadeghnia A, Hoseinzadeh M, et al. The effect of neutral oligosaccharides on reducing the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5:1387–1395.
  • Kullen MJ, Bettler J. The delivery of probiotics and prebiotics to infants. CPD. 2005;11:55–74.
  • Wang Q, Dong J, Zhu Y. Probiotic supplement reduces risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality in preterm very low-birth weight infants: an updated meta-analysis of 20 randomized, controlled trials. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47:241–248.
  • Deshpande G, Rao S, Patole S, et al. Updated meta-analysis of probiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Pediatrics. 2010;125:921–930.
  • Alfaleh K, Anabrees J, Bassler D. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;4:CD005496.
  • Aceti A, Gori D, Barone G, et al. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ital J Pediatr. 2015;41:89.
  • Dermyshi E, Wang Y, Yan C, et al. The “golden age” of probiotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies in preterm infants. Neonatology. 2017;112:9–23.
  • Zivkovic AM, German JB, Lebrilla CB, et al. Human milk glycobiome and its impact on the infant gastrointestinal microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:4653–4658.
  • Ouwehand AC, Derrien M, de Vos W, et al. Prebiotics and other microbial substrates for gut functionality. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2005;16:212–217.
  • Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB. Dietary modulation of the colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr. 1995;125:1401–1412.
  • Gibson GR, Probert HM, Van Loo JAE, et al. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Updating the concept of prebiotics. NRR. 2004;17:257–259.
  • Roberfroid MB. Prebiotics: the concept revisited. J Nutr. 2007;137:830S–837S.
  • Urashima T, Kitaoka M, Terabayashi T, et al. Oligosaccharides: source, Property and Applications. In: Gordon NS, editor. New York: Nova Science; 2011. p. 1–58.
  • Gabrielli O, Zampini L, Galeazzi T, et al. Preterm milk oligosaccharides during the first month of lactation. Pediatrics. 2011;128:e1520–e1531.
  • Kunz C, Rudloff S, Baier W, et al. Oligosaccharides in human milk: structural, functional, and metabolic aspects. Annu Rev Nutr. 2000;20:699–722.
  • Newburg DS, Neubauer SH. Carbohydrates in milk. In: Jensen RG, editor. Handbook of Milk Composition. San Diego: Academic Press; 1995. p. 34–123.
  • Engfer MB, Stahl B, Finke B, et al. Human milk oligosaccharides are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:1589–1596.
  • Ward RE, Ninonuevo M, Mills DA, et al. In vitro fermentation of breast milk oligosaccharides by Bifodobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus gasseri. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72:4497–4499.
  • Coppa GV, Bruni S, Morelli L, et al. The first prebiotics in humans: human milk oligosaccharides. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004;38:S80–S83.
  • Newburg DS, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Morrow AL. Human milk glycans protect infants against enteric pathogens. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:37–58.
  • Andersson B, Porras O, Hanson LA, et al. Inhibition of attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae by human milk and receptor oligosaccharides. J Infect Dis. 1986;153:232–237.
  • Ley K. The role of selectins in inflammation and disease. Trends Mol Med. 2003;9:263–268.
  • Perillo NL, Marcus ME, Baum LG. Galectins: versatile modulators of cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and cell death. J Mol Med. 1998;76:402–412.
  • Crocker PR. Siglecs: sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins in cell–cell interactions and signalling. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2002;12:609–615.
  • Van Kooyk Y, Geijtenbeek TB. DC-SIGN: escape mechanism for pathogens. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:697–709.
  • Bode L, Kunz C, Muhly-Reinholz M, et al. Inhibition of monocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells by human milk oligosaccharides. Thromb Haemost. 2004;92:1402–1410.
  • Bode L, Rudloff S, Kunz C, et al. Human milk oligosaccharides reduce platelet-neutrophil complex formation leading to a decrease in neutrophil beta 2 integrin expression. J Leukoc Biol. 2004;76:820–826.
  • Nakamura T, Kawase H, Kimura K, et al. Concentrations of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum and milk during the prepartum and early lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2003;86:1315–1320.
  • Boehm G, Stahl B. Oligosaccharides from milk. J Nutr. 2007;137:847S–849S.
  • Uraschima T, Saito T, Nakamura T, et al. Oligosaccharides of milk and colostrums of non-human mammals. Glycoconj J. 2001;18:357–371.
  • Boehm G, Moro G. Structural and functional aspects of prebiotics used in infant nutrition. J Nutr. 2008;138:1818–1828.
  • Bouhnik Y, Raskine L, Simoneau G, et al. The capacity of non-digestible carbohydrates to stimulate fecal bifidobacteria in healthy humans: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose- response relation study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:1658–1664.
  • Willemsen LE, Koetsier MA, van Deventer SJ, et al. Short chain fatty acids stimulate epithelial mucin 2 expression through differential effects on prostaglandin E(1) and E(2) production by intestinal myofibroblasts. Gut. 2003;52:1442–1447.
  • Dass NB, John AK, Bassil AK, et al. The relationship between the effects of short-chain fatty acids on intestinal motility in vitro and GPR43 receptor activation. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2007;19:66–74.
  • Van Limpt C, Crienen A, Vriesema A, et al. Effect of colonic short chain fatty acids, lactate and pH on the growth of common gut pathogens. Pediatr Res. 2004;56:487.
  • Klaenhammer TR. Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria. Biochimie. 1988;70:337–349.
  • Nemcova R. Criteria for selection of lactobacilli for probiotic use. Vet Med. 1997;42:19–27.
  • Ruiz-Palacios GM, Cervantes LE, Ramos P, et al. Campylobacter jejuni binds intestinal H(O) antigen (Fuc alpha 1, 2Gal beta 1, 4GlcNAc), and fucosyloligosaccharides of human milk inhibit its binding and infection. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:14112–14120.
  • Morrow AL, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Altaye M, et al. Human milk oligosaccharides are associated with protection against diarrhea in breast-fed infants. J Pediatr. 2004;145:297–303.
  • Newburg DS, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Altaye M, et al. Human milk alphal,2-linked fucosylated oligosaccharides decrease risk of diarrhea due to stable toxin of E. coli in breastfed infants. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2004;554:457–461.
  • Obermeier S, Rudloff S, Pohlentz G, et al. Secretion of 13C-labelled oligosaccharides into human milk and infant’s urine after an oral [13C]galactose load. Isotopes Environ Health Stud. 1999;35:119–125.
  • Ruhaak LR, Stroble C, Underwood MA, et al. Detection of milk oligosaccharides in plasma of infants. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014;406:5775–5784.
  • Lin AE, Autran CA, Espanola SD, et al. Human milk oligosaccharides protect bladder epithelial cells against uropathogenic Escherichia coli invasion and cytotoxicity. J Infect Dis. 2014;209:389–398.
  • Peters MJ, Dixon G, Kotowicz KT, et al. Circulating platelet-neutrophil complexes represent a subpopulation of activated neutrophils primed for adhesion, phagocytosis and intracellular killing. Br J Haematol. 1999;106:391–399.
  • Hsueh W, Caplan MS, Qu XW, et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: clinical considerations and pathogenetic concepts. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2003;6:6–23.
  • Boehm G, Lidestri M, Casetta P, et al. Supplementation of a bovine milk formula with an oligosaccharide mixture increases counts of faecal bifidobacteria in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2002;86:F178–F181.
  • Schmelzle H, Wirth S, Skopnik H, et al. Randomized double-blind study of the nutritional efficacy and bifidogenicity of a new infant formula containing partially hydrolyzed protein, a high beta-palmitic acid level, and nondigestible oligosaccharides. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;36:343–351.
  • Boehm G, Jelinek J, Stahl B, et al. Prebiotics in infant formulas. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004;38(6 Suppl):S76–S79.
  • Knol J, Boehm G, Lidestri M, et al. Increase of faecal bifidobacteria due to dietary oligosaccharides induces a reduction of clinically relevant pathogen germs in the faeces of formula-fed preterm infants. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2005;94:31–33.
  • Kapiki A, Costalos C, Oikonomidou C, et al. The effect of a fructo-oligosaccharide supplemented formula on gut flora of preterm infants. Early Hum Dev. 2007;83:335–339.
  • Costalos C, Kapiki A, Apostolou M, et al. The effect of a prebiotic supplemented formula on growth and stool microbiology of term infants. Early Hum Dev. 2008;84:45–49.
  • Moro G, Minoli I, Mosca M, et al. Dosage-related bifidogenic effects of galacto- and fructooligosaccharides in formula-fed term infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;34:291–295.
  • Haarman M, Knol J. Quantitative real-time PCR assays to identify and quantify fecal Bifidobacterium species in infants receiving a prebiotic infant formula. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005;71:2318–2324.
  • Salvini F, Riva E, Salvatici E, et al. A specific prebiotic mixture added to starting infant formula has long-lasting bifidogenic effects. J Nutr. 2011;141:1335–1339.
  • Mihatsch WA, Hoegel J, Pohlandt F. Prebiotic oligosaccharides reduce stool viscosity and accelerate gastrointestinal transport in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr. 2006;95:843–848.
  • Indrio F, Riezzo G, Raimondi F, et al. Prebiotics improve gastric motility and gastric electrical activity in preterm newborns. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;49:258–261.
  • Modi N, Uthaya S, Fell J, et al. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of the effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides on enteral tolerance in preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 2010;68:440–445.
  • Shadid R, Haarman M, Knol J, et al. Effects of galactooligosaccharide and long-chain fructooligosaccharide supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal microbiota and immunity-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:1426–1437.
  • Euler AR, Mitchell DK, Kline R, et al. Prebiotic effect of fructo-oligosaccharide supplemented term infant formula at two concentrations compared with unsupplemented formula and human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;40:157–164.
  • Ziegler E, Vanderhoof JA, Petschow B, et al. Term infants fed formula supplemented with selected blends of prebiotics grow normally and have soft stools similar to those reported for breast-fed infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;44:359–364.
  • Westerbeek EA, van den Berg JP, Lafeber HN, et al. Neutral and acidic oligosaccharides in preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:679–686.
  • Westerbeek EA, van den Berg A, Lafeber HN, et al. The effect of enteral supplementation of a prebiotic mixture of non-human milk galacto-, fructo- and acidic oligosaccharides on intestinal permeability in preterm infants. Br J Nutr. 2011;105:268–274.
  • Srinivasjois R, Rao S, Patole S. Prebiotic supplementation in preterm neonates: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clin Nutr. 2013;32:958–965.
  • Mugambi MN, Musekiwa A, Lombard M, et al. Probiotics, prebiotics infant formula use in preterm or low birth weight infants: a systematic review. Nutr J. 2012;11:58.
  • Rao S, Srinivasjois R, Patole S. Prebiotic supplementation in full-term neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163:755–764.
  • Riskin A, Hochwald O, Bader D, et al. The effects of lactulose supplementation to enteral feedings in premature infants: a pilot study. J Pediatr. 2010;156:209–214.
  • Dilli D, Aydin B, Fettah ND, et al. The propre-save study: effects of probiotics and prebiotics alone or combined on necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr. 2015;166:545–551.
  • Dasopoulou M, Briana DD, Boutsikou T, et al. Motilin and gastrin secretion and lipid profile in preterm neonates following prebiotics supplementation: a double-blind randomized controlled study. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015;39:359–368.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.