Does in utero meconium passage in term stillbirth correlate with autopsy and placental findings of hypoxia or inflammation?

References

• Ahanya SN, Lakshmanan J, Morgan BLG, et al. Meconium passage in utero: mechanisms, consequences, and management. Obstet Gynecol Survey. 2004;60(1):45–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheiner E, Hadar A, Shoham-Vardi I, et al. The effect of meconium on perinatal outcome: a prospective analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002;11(1):54–59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berkus MD, Langer O, Samueloff A, et al. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid: increased risk for adverse neonatal outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 1994;84(1):115–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piper JM, Newton ER, Berkus MD, et al. Meconium: a marker for peripartum infection. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;91(5 Pt 1):741–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen TS, Eriksen NL, Blanco JD, et al. Association of clinical intra-amniotic infection and meconium. Am J Perinatol. 1993;10(6):438–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houlihan CM, Knuppel RA. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Current controversies. J Reprod Med. 1994;39(11):888–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Hanaoka S, Mazor M, et al. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid: a risk factor for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;164(3):859–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazor M, Furman B, Wiznitzer A, et al. Maternal and perinatal outcome of patients with preterm labor and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Obstet Gynecol. 1995;86(5):830–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Yoon BH, Chaemsaithong P, et al. Bacteria and endotoxin in meconium-stained amniotic fluid at term: could intra-amniotic infection cause meconium passage?. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(8):775–788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Kadar N, Lafreniere D, et al. Do blood and meconium affect the detection of endotoxin in amniotic fluid with the limulus amebocyte gel clot assay? Am J Perinatol. 1987;4(4):356–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh TT, Hsieh CC, Hung TH, et al. Differential expression of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 in human fetal serum and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. J Reprod Immunol. 1998;37(2):155–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada T, Minakami H, Matsubara S, et al. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid exhibits chemotactic activity for polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. J Reprod Immunol. 2000;46(1):21–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Yoon BH, Chaemsaithong P, et al. Secreted phospholipase A2 is increased in meconium-stained amniotic fluid of term gestations: potential implications for the genesis of meconium aspiration syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(10):975–983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J, Romero R, Lee KA, et al. Meconium aspiration syndrome: a role for fetal systemic inflammation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(3):366.e1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maudsley RF, Brix GA, Hinton NA, et al. Placental inflammation and infection. A prospective bacteriologic and histologic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1966;95(5):648–659.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burgess AM, Hutchins GM. Inflammation of the lungs, umbilical cord and placenta associated with meconium passage in utero. Review of 123 autopsied cases. Pathol Res Pract. 1996;192(11):1121–1128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao S, Pavlova Z, Incerpi MH, et al. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid and neonatal morbidity in near-term and term deliveries with acute histologic chorioamnionitis and/or funisitis. J Perinatol. 2001;21(8):537–540.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saeed H, Jacques SM, Qureshi F. Meconium staining of the amniotic fluid and the presence and severity of acute placental inflammation: a study of term deliveries in a predominantly African-American population. J Matern Fetal Neonat Med. 2018;31(23):3172–3177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacques SM, Kupsky WJ, Giorgadze T, et al. Fetal central nervous system injury in third trimester stillbirth: a clinicopathologic study of 63 cases. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2012;15(5):375–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacques SM, Kupsky WJ, Qureshi F. Thymic involution in unexplained third trimester stillbirth: frequency, grade and correlation with neuropathologic injury. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2015;18(3):210–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacques SM, Qureshi F. Thymic pathology in placental abruption: an autopsy study of third trimester stillborns in a predominantly African-American population. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;29(20):1– 303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacques SM, Kupsky WJ, Qureshi F. Third trimester fetal demise occurring at time of delivery: correlation of autopsy findings and placental pathology with emphasis on antenatal central nervous system injury. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(7):702–-708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magee JF. Investigation of stillbirth. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2001;4(1):1–-22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becher J-C, Bell JE, Keeling JW, et al. The Scottish Perinatal Neuropathology Study – clinicopathologic correlation in stillbirths. BJOG. 2006;113(3):310–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang KTE, Keating S, Costa S, et al. Third-trimester stillbirths: correlative neuropathology and placental pathology. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2011;14(5):345–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendon RW. Review of autopsies of stillborn infants with retroplacental hematoma or hemorrhage. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2011;14(1):10–-15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Baarlen J, Schuurman H-J, Huber J. Acute thymus involution in infancy and childhood: a reliable marker for duration of acute illness. Hum Pathol. 1988;19(10):1155–1160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khong TY, Mooney EE, Ariel I, et al. Sampling and definitions of placental lesions: Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016;140(7):698–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khong TY, Bendon RW, Qureshi F, et al. Chronic deciduitis in the placental basal plate: definition and interobserver reliability. Hum Pathol. 2000;31(3):292–-295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim CJ, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, et al. The frequency, clinical significance, and pathologic features of chronic chorioamnionitis: a lesion associated with spontaneous preterm birth. Mod Pathol. 2010;23(7):1000–1011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander GR, Himes JH, Kaufman RB, et al. A United States national reference for fetal growth. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;87(2):163–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Definition of term pregnancy. Committee Opinion No. 579. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122:1139–1140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacora P, Romero R, Jaiman S, et al. Mechanisms of death in structurally normal stillbirths. J Perinat Med. 2019;47(2):222–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Kim YM, Pacora P, et al. The frequency and type of placental histologic lesions in term pregnancies with normal outcome. J Perinat Med. 2018; 46(6):613–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willinger M, Ko C-W, Reddy UM. Racial disparities in stillbirth risk across gestation in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201(5):469.e1–469.e8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar