Relationship between pregnancy and coronavirus: what we know

References

• Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr. 2020;9(1):51–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, et al. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO [Internet]. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020; 2020 [cited 2020 Mar 25]. Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—11
   Google Scholar
• ECDC [Internet]. Solna (Sweden): European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; Situation update worldwide, as of 21 April 2020; 2020 [cited 2020 Apr 21]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/geographical-distribution-2019-ncov-cases
   Google Scholar
• Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72-314 cases from the chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. The Lancet. 2020;395(10226):809–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Zhou Z, Zhang J, et al. A case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in a pregnant woman with preterm delivery. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon LC, Yang H, Lee JCS, et al. ISUOG Interim Guidance on 2019 novel coronavirus infection during pregnancy and puerperium: information for healthcare professionals. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020;55(5):700–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz DA, Graham AL. Potential maternal and infant outcomes from coronavirus 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2) infecting pregnant women: lessons from SARS, MERS, and other human coronavirus infections. Viruses. 2020;12(2):194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Q, Shi Y. Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and neonate: what neonatologist need to know. J Med Virol. 2020;92(6):564–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Wang L, Zhao SJ, et al. Why are pregnant women susceptible to COVID-19? An immunological viewpoint. J Reprod Immunol. 2020;139:103122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dashraath P, Wong JLJ, Lim MXK, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger A. Th1 and Th2 responses: what are they? BMJ. 2000;321(7258):424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mor G, Paulomi A, Alvero AB. The unique immunological and microbial aspects of pregnancy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;17(8):469–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong CK, Lam CWK, Wu AKL, et al. Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004;136(1):95–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yockey LJ, Iwasaki A. Interferons and proinflammatory cytokines in pregnancy and fetal development. Immunity. 2018;49(3):397–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang SF, Tuo JL, Huang XB, et al. Epidemiology characteristics of human coronaviruses in patients with respiratory infection symptoms and phylogenetic analysis of HCoV-OC43 during 2010-2015 in Guangzhou. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0191789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagneur A, Dirson E, Audebert S, et al. Materno-fetal transmission of human coronaviruses: a prospective pilot study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;27(9):863–866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO [Internet]. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003; 2004 [cited 2020 Mar 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/
   Google Scholar
• Lam CM, Wong SF, Leung TN, et al. A case-controlled study comparing clinical course and outcomes of pregnant and non-pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. BJOG. 2004;111(8):771–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell C, McGeer A, Tai KFY, et al. No. 225-Management guidelines for obstetric patients and neonates born to mothers with suspected or probable severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2017;39(8):e130–e137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson CA, Lowther SA, Birch T, et al. SARS and pregnancy: a case report. Emerging Infect Dis. 2004;10(2):345–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockman LJ, Lowther SA, Coy K, et al. SARS during pregnancy, United States. Emerging Infect Dis. 2004;10(9):1689–1690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong SF, Chow KM, Leung TN, et al. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(1):292–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen SA, Smulian JC, Lednicky JA, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng WF, Wong SF, Lam A, et al. The placentas of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a pathophysiological evaluation. Pathology. 2006;38(3):210–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric RS, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group. J Virol. 2013;87(14):7790–7792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO [Internet]. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV); 2019 [cited 2020 Mar 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/
   Google Scholar
• Park JW, Lee KJ, Lee KH, et al. Hospital outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome, Daejeon, South Korea, 2015. Emerging Infect Dis. 2017;23(6):898–905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Wit E, van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, et al. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016;14(8):523–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assiri A, Abedi GR, Al Masri M, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection during pregnancy: a report of 5 cases from Saudi Arabia. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(7):951–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik A, El Masry K, Ravi M, et al. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus during pregnancy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2013. Emerging Infect Dis. 2016;22(3):515–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alserehi H, Wali G, Alshukairi A, et al. Impact of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) on pregnancy and perinatal outcome. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfaraj SH, Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection during pregnancy: report of two cases & review of the literature. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2019;52(3):501–503.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WHO [Internet]. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2020 Apr 21]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
   Google Scholar
• Yang H, Wang C, Poon LC. Novel coronavirus infection and pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020;55(4):435–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei D, Li C, Fang C, et al. Clinical characteristics of pregnancy with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Chin J Perinat Med. 2020;23(3):157–163.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng QL, Duan T, Jin LP. Single-cell RNA expression profiling of ACE2 and AXL in the human maternal–fetal interface. Reprod Dev Med. 2020;4(1):7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouthry E, Picone O, Hamdi G, et al. Rubella and pregnancy: diagnosis, management and outcomes. Prenat Diagn. 2014;34(13):1246–1253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Chen H, Tang K, et al. Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. J Infect. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Li Q, Zheng D, et al. Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with Covid-19 in Wuhan, China. N Engl J Med. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslin N, Baptiste C, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, et al. COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sutton D, Fuchs K, D’Alton M, et al. Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in women admitted for delivery. N Engl J Med. 2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Zhao R, Zheng S, et al. Lack of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in pregnancy: information for healthcare professionals. Version 8. London (UK): RCOG.
   Google Scholar
• SIN [Internet]. Milan (Italy): Davanzo R, Mosca F, Moro G, et al.; Allattamento e infezione da SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus disease 2019 – COVID-19). Indicazioni ad interim della Società Italiana di Neonatologia (SIN). Versione 2: 22 Marzo 2020. [Breastfeeding and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Italian Neonatology Society’s interim indications]. 2020 [cited 2020 Mar 31]. Italian. Available from: https://www.sin-neonatologia.it/pdf/LMSINV2COVID1923-03.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Zeng L, Xia S, Yuan W, et al. Neonatal early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Pediatr. 2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong L, Tian J, He S, et al. Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn. JAMA. 2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng H, Xu C, Fan J, et al. Antibodies in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia. JAMA. 2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• China NHC [Internet]. Beijing (China): National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China; New Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Protocol. 7th ed.; 2020 [cited 2020 Apr 02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202003/46c9294a7dfe4cef80dc7f5912eb1989/files/ce3e6945832a438eaae415350a8ce964.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wang C, Zhou YH, Yang HX, et al. Intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2: what we know so far. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Guo L, Chen L, et al. A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrasekharan P, Vento M, Trevisanuto D, et al. Neonatal resuscitation and postresuscitation care of infants born to mothers with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Perinatol. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen CM, Hansen K, Andersen HM, et al. An enzyme labelled nuclear antigen immunoassay for detection of cytomegalovirus IgM antibodies in human serum: specific and non-specific reactions. J Med Virol. 1987;22(1):67–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cradock-Watson JE, Ridehalgh MK. Specific immunoglobulins in infants with the congenital rubella syndrome. J Hyg. 1976;76(1):109–123.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffin I, Martin SW, Fischer M, et al. Zika virus IgM detection and neutralizing antibody profiles 12-19 months after illness onset. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25(2):299–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimberlin DW, Stagno S. Can SARS-CoV-2 infection be acquired in utero? More definitive evidence is needed. JAMA. 2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werenberg Dreier J, Nybo Andersen AM, Hvolby A, et al. Fever and infections in pregnancy and risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2016;57(4):540–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Shi Y, Xiao T, et al. Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition). Ann Transl Med. 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Liu W, Wang J, Li W, et al. Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. Front Med. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nardone S, Elliott E. The interaction between the immune system and epigenetics in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Renzo GC, Giardina I. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: consider thromboembolic disorders and thromboprophylaxis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirzadeh M, Khedmat L. Pregnant women in the exposure to COVID-19 infection outbreak: the unseen risk factors and preventive healthcare patterns. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;7:1–2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z, Wang M, Zhu Z, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;30:1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Capanna F, Haydar A, McCarey C, et al. Preparing an obstetric unit in the heart of the epidemic strike of COVID-19: quick reorganization tips. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;12:1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar