Vaginal progesterone for prevention of preterm birth in asymptomatic high-risk women with a normal cervical length: a systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet. 2012;379(9832):2162–2172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chawanpaiboon S, Vogel JP, Moller A-B, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(1):e37–e46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization, Born too soon: the global action report on preterm birth. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet. 2016;388(10063):3027–3035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd JM, Jones L, Flenady V, et al. Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;CD004947(7).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crowther CA, Ashwood P, McPhee AJ, et al. Vaginal progesterone pessaries for pregnant women with a previous preterm birth to prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (the PROGRESS Study): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2017;14(9):e1002390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman JE, Marlow N, Messow C-M, et al. Vaginal progesterone prophylaxis for preterm birth (the OPPTIMUM study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10033):2106–2116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell SC, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Biggio JR Jr, et al. 17-OHPC to Prevent Recurrent Preterm Birth in Singleton Gestations (PROLONG Study): a multicenter, international, randomized double-blind trial. Am J Perinatol. 2020;37(2):127–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonseca EB, Celik E, Parra M, et al. Progesterone and the risk of preterm birth among women with a short cervix. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(5):462–469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan SS, Romero R, Vidyadhari D, et al. Vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;38(1):18–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einerson BD, Grobman WA, Miller ES. Cost-effectiveness of risk-based screening for cervical length to prevent preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(1):100.e1-7–100.e7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Conde-Agudelo A, Da Fonseca E, et al. Vaginal progesterone for preventing preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations with a short cervix: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(2):161–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher MA, Abdelaziz A, Ellaithy M, et al. Prevention of preterm birth: a randomized trial of vaginal compared with intramuscular progesterone. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(2):215–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moroz LA, Simhan HN. Rate of sonographic cervical shortening and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(3):234.e1-5–234.e5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuusela P, Jacobsson B, Söderlund M, et al. Transvaginal sonographic evaluation of cervical length in the second trimester of asymptomatic singleton pregnancies, and the risk of preterm delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94(6):598–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maerdan M, Shi C, Zhang X, et al. The prevalence of short cervix between 20 and 24 weeks of gestation and vaginal progesterone for prolonging of gestation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;30(14):1646–1649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien JM, Adair CD, Lewis DF, et al. Progesterone vaginal gel for the reduction of recurrent preterm birth: primary results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;30(5):687–696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Review Manager (RevMan) [Mac] Version 5.3. Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• da Fonseca EB, Bittar RE, Carvalho MHB, et al. Prophylactic administration of progesterone by vaginal suppository to reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth in women at increased risk: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(2):419–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majhi P, Bagga R, Kalra J, et al. Intravaginal use of natural micronised progesterone to prevent pre-term birth: a randomised trial in India. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;29(6):493–498.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cetingoz E, Cam C, Sakallı M, et al. Progesterone effects on preterm birth in high-risk pregnancies: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011;283(3):423–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman JE, Marlow N, Messow CM, et al. Does progesterone prophylaxis to prevent preterm labour improve outcome? A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial (OPPTIMUM). Health Technol Assess. 2018;22(35):1–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preterm labour and birth NICE guideline [NG25]. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Progesterone: Use in the second and third trimester of pregnancy for the prevention of preterm birth (C-Obs-29b). The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG); 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Publications Committee. The choice of progestogen for the prevention of preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy and prior preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;3(3):B11–B13.
   Google Scholar
• Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 130: prediction and prevention of preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120:964–973.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farine D, Mundle WR, Dodd J. The use of progesterone for prevention of preterm birth. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2008;30(1):67–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simons NE, Leeuw M, Van’t Hooft J, et al. The long-term effect of prenatal progesterone treatment on child development, behaviour and health: a systematic review. BJOG. 2021;128(6):964–974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh J, Feltovich H, Berghella V, et al. The role of routine cervical length screening in selected high- and low-risk women for preterm birth prevention. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(3):B2–B7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill AG, Odibo AO, Caughey AB, et al. Universal cervical length screening and treatment with vaginal progesterone to prevent preterm birth: a decision and economic analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(6):548.e1-8–548.e8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner EF, Han CS, Pettker CM, et al. Universal cervical-length screening to prevent preterm birth: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;38(1):32–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry S, Simhan H, Elovitz M, et al. Universal maternal cervical length screening during the second trimester: pros and cons of a strategy to identify women at risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207(2):101–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• To MS, Skentou C, Liao AW, et al. Cervical length and funneling at 23 weeks of gestation in the prediction of spontaneous early preterm delivery. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001;18(3):200–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medley N, Vogel JP, Care A, et al. Interventions during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;11:CD012505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GCS, Pell JP, Dobbie R. Interpregnancy interval and risk of preterm birth and neonatal death: retrospective cohort study. BMJ (Clinical Research ed. ). 2003;327(7410):313–313.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Makrides M, Best K, Yelland L, et al. A Randomized Trial of Prenatal n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Preterm Delivery. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(11):1035–1045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middleton P, Gomersall JC, Gould JF, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;11:CD003402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Stanczyk FZ. Progesterone is not the same as 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate: implications for obstetrical practice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208(6):421–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart LA, Simmonds M, Duley , the EPPPIC group, et al. Evaluating progestogens for prevention of preterm birth international collaborative (EPPPIC) individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis: protocol. Syst Rev. 2017;6(1):235.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar