617
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Etiology of stillbirth in a tertiary care center: a retrospective cohort study assessing ultrasound, laboratory, and pathology investigations

, , , , , , & show all
Article: 2277131 | Received 03 Aug 2023, Accepted 25 Oct 2023, Published online: 05 Nov 2023

References

  • Leduc L. Guideline no. 394—stillbirth investigation. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2020;42(1):92–99. doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2019.04.001.
  • Statistics Canada. Table 13-10-0428-01 Live births and fetal deaths (stillbirths), by type of birth (single or multiple); 2018. doi:10.25318/1310042801-eng.
  • Flenady V, Koopmans L, Middleton P, et al. Major risk factors for stillbirth in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;377(9774):1331–1340. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62233-7.
  • Townsend R, Sileo FG, Allotey J, et al. Prediction of stillbirth: an umbrella review of evaluation of prognostic variables. BJOG. 2021;128(2):238–250. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.16510.
  • Gardosi J, Madurasinghe V, Williams M, et al. Maternal and fetal risk factors for stillbirth: population based study. BMJ. 2013;346(3):f108. doi:10.1136/bmj.f108.
  • Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network Writing Group. Causes of death among stillbirths. JAMA. 2011;306(22):2459–2468. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1823.
  • Gibbins KJ, Pinar H, Reddy UM, et al. Findings in stillbirths associated with placental disease. Am J Perinatol. 2020;37(7):708–715. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1688472.
  • Ptacek I, Sebire NJ, Man JA, et al. Systematic review of placental pathology reported in association with stillbirth. Placenta. 2014;35(8):552–562. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2014.05.011.
  • Reinebrant HE, Leisher SH, Coory M, et al. Making stillbirths visible: a systematic review of globally reported causes of stillbirth. BJOG. 2018;125(2):212–224. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.14971.
  • Tsakiridis I, Giouleka S, Mamopoulos A, et al. Investigation and management of stillbirth: a descriptive review of major guidelines. J Perinat Med. 2022;50(6):796–813. doi:10.1515/jpm-2021-0403.
  • Joseph KS, Lee L, Arbour L, et al. Stillbirth in Canada: anachronistic definition and registration processes impede public health surveillance and clinical care. Can J Public Health. 2021;112(4):766–772. doi:10.17269/s41997-021-00483-x.
  • Statistics Canada. Vital Statistics – Stillbirth Database (CVSS); 2022 [cited 2022 Sep 27; updated 2022 Oct 25]. Available from: https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imndb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&Id=1456530
  • Smith SN, Thorp L, Karreman E, et al. Review of stillbirth in a Canadian tertiary care centre. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2020;42(2):126–130. doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2019.04.021.
  • Wou K, Ouellet M-P, Chen M-F, et al. Comparison of the aetiology of stillbirth over five decades in a single centre: a retrospective study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(6):e004635. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004635.
  • Murphy MSQ, Fell DB, Sprague AE, et al. Data resource profile: Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;50(5):1416–1417h. doi:10.1093/ije/dyab033.
  • Dore S, Ehman W. No. 396—Fetal Health Surveillance: intrapartum consensus guideline. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2020;42(3):316–348.e9. doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2019.05.007.
  • Robinson B. A review of NICHD standardized nomenclature for cardiotocography: the importance of speaking a common language when describing electronic fetal monitoring. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2008;1(2):56–60.
  • Khong TY, Mooney EE, Ariel I, et al. Sampling and definitions of placental lesions: Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016;140(7):698–713. doi:10.5858/arpa.2015-0225-CC.
  • Dashe JS, Bloom SL, Spong CY, et al. Williams obstetrics. 25th ed. New York (NY): McGraw-Hill Education; 2018.
  • Gregory ECW, Valenzuela CP, Hoyert DL. Fetal mortality: United States, 2020. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2022;71(4):1–20.
  • Stillbirths and stillbirth rates. UNICEF DATA; 2023 [cited 2023 Feb 16]. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survivial/stillbirths/
  • Sexton JK, Mahomed K, Marsden T, et al. Prospective cohort study: causes of stillbirth in Australia 2013–2018. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;61(5):667–674. doi:10.1111/ajo.13334.
  • Man J, Hutchinson JC, Heazell AE, et al. Stillbirth and intrauterine fetal death: factors affecting determination of cause of death at autopsy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48(5):566–573. doi:10.1002/uog.16016.
  • Hammad IA, Blue NR, Allshouse AA, et al. Umbilical cord abnormalities and stillbirth. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(3):644–652. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003676.
  • Frey HA, Odibo AO, Dicke JM, et al. Stillbirth risk among fetuses with ultrasound-detected isolated congenital anomalies. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;124(1):91–98. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000335.
  • Crimmins S, Desai A, Block-Abraham D, et al. A comparison of Doppler and biophysical findings between liveborn and stillborn growth-restricted fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(6):669.e1–669.e10. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.06.022.
  • Casey BM, McIntire DD, Bloom SL, et al. Pregnancy outcomes after antepartum diagnosis of oligohydramnios at or beyond 34 weeks’ gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182(4):909–912. doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(00)70345-0.
  • Wojcieszek AM, Shepherd E, Middleton P, et al. Interventions for investigating and identifying the causes of stillbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;4(4):CD012504. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012504.pub2.
  • Page JM, Christiansen-Lindquist L, Thorsten V, et al. Diagnostic tests for evaluation of stillbirth: results from the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;129(4):699–706. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000001937.
  • Oliver EA, Finneran MM, Rood KM, et al. Fetal autopsy rates in the United States: analysis of National Vital Statistics. Obstet Gynecol. 2022;140(5):869–873. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004965.
  • Man J, Hutchinson JC, Heazell AE, et al. Stillbirth and intrauterine fetal death: role of routine histopathological placental findings to determine cause of death. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48(5):579–584. doi:10.1002/uog.16019.
  • Horey D, Flenady V, Heazell AE, et al. Interventions for supporting parents’ decisions about autopsy after stillbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2013(2):CD009932. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009932.pub2.
  • Sebire NJ, Weber MA, Thayyil S, et al. Minimally invasive perinatal autopsies using magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic postmortem examination (‘keyhole autopsy’): feasibility and initial experience. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25(5):513–518. doi:10.3109/14767058.2011.601368.
  • O'Keefe H, Shenfine R, Brown M, et al. Are non-invasive or minimally invasive autopsy techniques for detecting cause of death in prenates, neonates and infants accurate? A systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy. BMJ Open. 2023;13(1):e064774. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064774.
  • Silver RM, Varner MW, Reddy U, et al. Work-up of stillbirth: a review of the evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196(5):433–444. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.11.041.
  • Katz D, Beilin Y. Disorders of coagulation in pregnancy. Br J Anaesth. 2015;115(Suppl. 2):ii75–ii88. doi:10.1093/bja/aev374.
  • Kline JA, Williams GW, Hernandez-Nino J. D-dimer concentrations in normal pregnancy: new diagnostic thresholds are needed. Clin Chem. 2005;51(5):825–829.
  • Bhave AA. Coagulopathies in pregnancy: what an obstetrician ought to know! J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2019;69(6):479–482. doi:10.1007/s13224-019-01290-8.
  • Silver RM, Saade GR, Thorsten V, et al. Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase mutations and stillbirth: the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(4):468.e1–468.e17. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.04.026.
  • Silver RM, Zhao Y, Spong CY, et al. Prothrombin gene G20210A mutation and obstetric complications. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115(1):14–20. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c88918.
  • Silver RM, Parker CB, Reddy UM, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies in stillbirth. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(3):641–657. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182a1060e.
  • Goldenberg RL, McClure EM, Saleem S, et al. Infection-related stillbirths. Lancet. 2010;375(9724):1482–1490. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61712-8.