Reducing bleeding risk in patients on oral anticoagulation therapy

References

• Gorog DA, Gue YX, Chao TF, et al. Assessment and mitigation of bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism: Executive summary of a European and Asia-Pacific Expert consensus paper. Thromb Haemost. 2022;122(10):1625–1652. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1750385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2020;42(5):373–498. 2021. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• January CT, Wann LS, Calkins H, et al. AHA/ACC/HRS focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm society. Heart Rhythm. 2019;16(8):e66–e93. 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.01.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade JG, Aguilar M, Atzema C, et al. The 2020 Canadian cardiovascular Society/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society comprehensive guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Can J Cardiol. 2020;36(12):1847–1948. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao TF, Joung B, Takahashi Y, et al. Focused update of the 2017 consensus guidelines of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Arrhythm. 2021;37(6):1389–1426. 2021. doi: 10.1002/joa3.12652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Violi F, Lip GY, Pignatelli P, et al. Interaction between dietary vitamin K intake and anticoagulation by vitamin K antagonists: is it really true?: a systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(10):e2895. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey AK, Xu K, Zhang L, et al. Lower versus standard INR targets in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized Controlled trials. Thromb Haemost. 2020;120(3):484–494. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3401823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krittayaphong R, Chantrarat T, Rojjarekampai R, et al. Poor time in therapeutic range control is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a report from the nationwide COOL-AF registry. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):1698. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hylek EM, Held C, Alexander JH, et al. Major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving apixaban or warfarin: the ARISTOTLE trial (apixaban for reduction in stroke and other thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation): predictors, characteristics, and clinical outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(20):2141–2147. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccini JP, Garg J, Patel MR, et al. Management of major bleeding events in patients treated with rivaroxaban vs. warfarin: results from the ROCKET AF trial. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(28):1873–1880. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majeed A, Hwang HG, Connolly SJ, et al. Management and outcomes of major bleeding during treatment with dabigatran or warfarin. Circulation. 2013;128(21):2325–2332. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Wiviott SD, et al. Mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation randomized to edoxaban or warfarin: insights from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. Am J Med. 2016;129(8):850–7.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.02.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawabori M, Niiya Y, Iwasaki M, et al. Characteristics of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in patient receiving direct oral anticoagulants: comparison with warfarin. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;27(5):1338–1342. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.12.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2014;383(9921):955–962. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62343-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffel J, Braunwald E. Novel oral anticoagulants: focus on stroke prevention and treatment of venous thrombo-embolism. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(16):1968–1976. 76a. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friberg L, Rosenqvist M, Lip GY. Net clinical benefit of warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the Swedish atrial fibrillation cohort study. Circulation. 2012;125(19):2298–2307. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.055079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010;137(2):263–272. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-1584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hijazi Z, Oldgren J, Lindbäck J, et al. The novel biomarker-based ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history)-bleeding risk score for patients with atrial fibrillation: a derivation and validation study. Lancet. 2016;387(10035):2302–2311. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00741-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart survey. Chest. 2010;138(5):1093–1100. doi: 10.1378/chest.10-0134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y, et al. A new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: the ATRIA (anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(4):395–401. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE, et al. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the national registry of atrial fibrillation (NRAF). Am Heart J. 2006;151(3):713–719. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.04.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien EC, Simon DN, Thomas LE, et al. The ORBIT bleeding score: a simple bedside score to assess bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(46):3258–3264. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shireman TI, Mahnken JD, Howard PA, et al. Development of a contemporary bleeding risk model for elderly warfarin recipients. Chest. 2006;130(5):1390–1396. doi: 10.1378/chest.130.5.1390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyth RJ, Quinn LM, Landefeld CS. Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin **Access the “journal Club” discussion of this paper at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ajmselect/ Am J Med. 1998;105(2):91–99. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00198-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landefeld CS, Goldman L. Major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin: incidence and prediction by factors known at the start of outpatient therapy. Am J Med. 1989;87(2):144–152. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(89)80689-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and Expert panel report. Chest. 2016;149(2):315–352. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decousus H, Tapson VF, Bergmann JF, et al. Factors at admission associated with bleeding risk in medical patients: findings from the IMPROVE investigators. Chest. 2011;139(1):69–79. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-3081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Nisio M, Ageno W, Rutjes AW. Risk of major bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolism treated with rivaroxaban or with heparin and vitamin K antagonists. Thromb Haemost. 2016;115(2):424–432. doi: 10.1160/th15-06-0474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Nisio M, Raskob G, Büller HR, et al. Prediction of major and clinically relevant bleeding in patients with VTE treated with edoxaban or vitamin K antagonists. Thromb Haemost. 2017;117(4):784–793. doi: 10.1160/TH16-11-0830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hostler DC, Marx ES, Moores LK, et al. Validation of the international medical prevention registry on venous thromboembolism bleeding risk score. Chest. 2016;149(2):372–379. doi: 10.1378/chest.14-2842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klok FA, Hösel V, Clemens A, et al. Prediction of bleeding events in patients with venous thromboembolism on stable anticoagulation treatment. Eur Respir J. 2016;48(5):1369–1376. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00280-2016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuijer PM, Hutten BA, Prins MH. Prediction of the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(5):457–460. doi: 10.1001/archinte.159.5.457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruíz-Giménez N, Suárez C, González R, et al. Predictive variables for major bleeding events in patients presenting with documented acute venous thromboembolism. Findings from the RIETE registry. Thromb Haemost. 2008;100(1):26–31. doi: 10.1160/TH08-03-0193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seiler E, Limacher A, Mean M, et al. Derivation and validation of a novel bleeding risk score for elderly patients with venous thromboembolism on extended anticoagulation. Thromb Haemost. 2017;117(10). doi: 10.1160/TH-17-03-0162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteve-Pastor MA, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Shantsila A. Assessing bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation patients: comparing a bleeding risk score based only on modifiable bleeding risk factors against the HAS-BLED score. The AM Trial Thromb Haemost. 2017;117(12):2261–2266. doi: 10.1160/TH17-10-0710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulman S, Kearon C. Haemostasis SoCoAotSaSCotISoTa definition of major bleeding in clinical investigations of antihemostatic medicinal products in non-surgical patients. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(4):692–694. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01204.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulman S, Angerås U, Bergqvist D, et al. Definition of major bleeding in clinical investigations of antihemostatic medicinal products in surgical patients. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8(1):202–204. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03678.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lip G, Freedman B, De Caterina R, et al. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Past, present and future. Comparing the guidelines and practical decision-making. Thromb Haemost. 2017;117(7):1230–1239. doi: 10.1160/TH16-11-0876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan RM, Koehler J, Ziegler PD, et al. Stroke risk as a function of atrial fibrillation duration and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score. Circulation. 2019;140(20):1639–1646. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björck F, Renlund H, Lip GY. Outcomes in a warfarin-treated population with atrial fibrillation. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(2):172–180. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roldán V, Martínez-Montesinos L, López-Gálvez R, et al. Relation of the ‘atrial fibrillation Better care (ABC) pathway’ to the quality of anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients taking vitamin K antagonists. J Pers Med. 2022;12(3):487. doi: 10.3390/jpm12030487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnicelli AP, Hong H, Connolly SJ, et al. Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: patient-level network meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials with interaction testing by age and sex. Circulation. 2022;145(4):242–255. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe Z, Khan SU, Nasir F, et al. A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of risk of intracranial hemorrhage with direct oral anticoagulants. J Thromb Haemost. 2018;16(7):1296–1306. doi: 10.1111/jth.14131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(12):1139–1151. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0905561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(11):981–992. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1107039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(10):883–891. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1009638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, et al. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(22):2093–2104. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1310907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang KT, Sun WC, Tsai TJ, et al. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding between non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists in the Asian atrial fibrillation patients: a meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;18(1):137. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau WCY, Torre CO, Man KKC, et al. Comparative effectiveness and safety between apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban among patients with atrial fibrillation: a multinational population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175(11):1515–1524. doi: 10.7326/M22-0511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Es N, De Caterina R, Weitz JI. Reversal agents for current and forthcoming direct oral anticoagulants. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(20):1795–1806. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raskob GE, Angchaisuksiri P, Blanco AN, et al. Thrombosis: a major contributor to global disease burden. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34(11):2363–2371. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulman S, Rhedin AS, Lindmarker P, et al. A comparison of six weeks with six months of oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of venous thromboembolism. Duration of anticoagulation trial study group. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(25):1661–1665. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199506223322501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine MN, Hirsh J, Gent M, et al. Optimal duration of oral anticoagulant therapy: a randomized trial comparing four weeks with three months of warfarin in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost. 1995;74(2):606–611. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1649783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortel TL, Neumann I, Ageno W, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Blood Adv. 2020;4(19):4693–4738. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold MJ Venous thromboembolism: management guidelines from the American Society of Hematology. Am Fam Physician. 2021;104(4):429–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan F, Tritschler T, Kimpton M, et al. Long-term risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism among patients receiving extended oral anticoagulant therapy for first unprovoked venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19(11):2801–2813. doi: 10.1111/jth.15491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linkins LA, Choi PT, Douketis JD. Clinical impact of bleeding in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(11):893–900. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-139-11-200312020-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Hulle T, Kooiman J, den Exter PL. Effectiveness and safety of novel oral anticoagulants as compared with vitamin K antagonists in the treatment of acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2014;12(3):320–328. doi: 10.1111/jth.12485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen AT, Hamilton M, Mitchell SA, et al. Comparison of the novel oral anticoagulants apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban in the initial and long-term treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0144856. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakkos SK, Kirkilesis GI, Tsolakis IA. Editor’s choice - efficacy and safety of the new oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban in the treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase III trials. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014;48(5):565–575. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustafa F, Pesavento R, di Micco P, et al. Real-life use of anticoagulants in venous thromboembolism with a focus on patients with exclusion criteria for direct oral anticoagulants. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018;103(4):684–691. doi: 10.1002/cpt.781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao TF, Lip GYH, Lin YJ, et al. Incident risk factors and major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants: a comparison of baseline, follow-up and delta HAS-BLED scores with an approach focused on modifiable bleeding risk factors. Thromb Haemost. 2018;118(4):768–777. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1636534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori N, Sotomi Y, Hirata A, et al. External validation of the ORBIT bleeding score and the HAS-BLED score in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients using direct oral anticoagulants (Asian data from the DIRECT registry). Am J Cardiol. 2019;124(7):1044–1048. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apostolakis S, Lane DA, Guo Y. Performance of the HEMORR(2)HAGES, ATRIA, and HAS-BLED bleeding risk-prediction scores in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing anticoagulation: the AMADEUS (evaluating the use of SR34006 compared to warfarin or acenocoumarol in patients with atrial fibrillation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(9):861–867. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.06.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senoo K, Lip GY. Predictive abilities of the HAS-BLED and ORBIT bleeding risk scores in non-warfarin anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients: an ancillary analysis from the AMADEUS trial. Int J Cardiol. 2016;221:379–382. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas MR, Lip GY. Novel risk markers and risk assessments for cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2017;120(1):133–149. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteve-Pastor MA, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Roldan V, et al. Long-term bleeding risk prediction in ‘real world’ patients with atrial fibrillation: comparison of the HAS-BLED and ABC-Bleeding risk scores The Murcia Atrial Fibrillation Project. Thromb Haemost. 2017;117(10):1848–1858. doi: 10.1160/TH17-07-0478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens D, Harrison SL, Kolamunnage-Dona R, et al. The atrial fibrillation Better care pathway for managing atrial fibrillation: a review. EP Europace. 2021;23(10):1511–1527. doi: 10.1093/europace/euab092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lip GYH. The ABC pathway: an integrated approach to improve AF management. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14(11):627–628. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang TY, Lip GYH, Chen SA, et al. Importance of risk reassessment in patients with atrial fibrillation in guidelines: assessing risk as a dynamic process. Can J Cardiol. 2019;35(5):611–618. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.01.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Winter MA, van Es N, Büller HR. Prediction models for recurrence and bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and critical appraisal. Thromb Res. 2021;199:85–96. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.12.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noop S, Ay C. Bleeding Risk Assessment in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism. Hamostaseologie. 2021;41(4): 267–274. doi: 10.1055/a-1339-9987
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vedovati MC, Mancuso A, Pierpaoli L, et al. Prediction of major bleeding in patients receiving DOACs for venous thromboembolism: a prospective cohort study. Int J Cardiol. 2020;301:167–172. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.11.105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohla M, Weiss TW, Pecen L, et al. Risk factors for thromboembolic and bleeding events in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the prospective, multicentre observational PREvention oF thromboembolic events - European registry in atrial fibrillation (PREFER in AF). BMJ Open. 2019;9(3):e022478. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang MC, Chang Y, Hylek EM, et al. Advanced age, anticoagulation intensity, and risk for intracranial hemorrhage among patients taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(10):745–752. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-141-10-200411160-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulman S, Beyth RJ, Kearon C. Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment: American College of Chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2008;133(6 Suppl):257S–298S. 8th Edition. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-0674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castilla-Guerra L, Fernández-Moreno MDC, de la Vega-Sánchez JM. Bleeding risk assessment for stroke patients on antithrombotic therapy. Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2019;31(6):282–288. doi: 10.1016/j.artere.2019.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyre PB, Blum S, Hennings E, et al. Bleeding and ischaemic events after first bleed in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients: risk and timing. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(47):4899–4908. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Šinigoj P, Vene N, Košmelj K, et al. Risk of major bleeding in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation on direct oral anticoagulants: real world experience. Int J Clin Pharm. 2020;42(2):445–452. doi: 10.1007/s11096-020-01008-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benamouzig R, Guenoun M, Deutsch D, et al. Review article: gastrointestinal bleeding risk with direct oral anticoagulants. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2022;36(5):973–989. doi: 10.1007/s10557-021-07211-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Montesinos L, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Agewall S, et al. Polypharmacy and adverse events in atrial fibrillation: main cause or reflection of multimorbidity? Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;158:114064. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander JH, Lopes RD, Thomas L, et al. Apixaban vs. warfarin with concomitant aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(4):224–232. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angiolillo DJ, Jakubowski JA, Ferreiro JL, et al. Impaired responsiveness to the platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonist clopidogrel in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(10):1005–1014. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, Angiolillo DJ, et al. Greater clinical benefit of more intensive oral antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel in patients with diabetes mellitus in the trial to assess improvement in therapeutic outcomes by optimizing platelet inhibition with prasugrel-Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 38. Circulation. 2008;118(16):1626–1636. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.791061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lip GY, Frison L, Halperin JL. Comparative validation of a novel risk score for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile INR, elderly, drugs/alcohol concomitantly) score. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(2):173–180. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proietti M, Mujovic N, Potpara TS. Optimizing stroke and bleeding risk assessment in patients with atrial fibrillation: a balance of evidence, practicality and precision. Thromb Haemost. 2018;118(12):2014–2017. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1676074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar A, Salem AM, Dickson K, et al. Anticoagulation and bleeding in the cancer patient. Support Care Cancer. 2022;30(10):8547–8557. doi: 10.1007/s00520-022-07136-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roldán V, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Shantsila A, et al. Enhancing the ‘real world’ prediction of cardiovascular events and major bleeding with the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc and HAS-BLED scores using multiple biomarkers. Ann Med. 2018;50(1):26–34. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1378429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteve-Pastor MA, Roldán V, Rivera-Caravaca JM, et al. The use of biomarkers in clinical management guidelines: a critical appraisal. Thromb Haemost. 2019;119(12):1901–1919. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1696955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg DD, Ruff CT, Jarolim P, et al. Performance of the ABC scores for assessing the risk of stroke or systemic embolism and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation in ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48. Circulation. 2019;139(6):760–771. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nopp S, Ay C. Bleeding Risk Assessment in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism. Hamostaseologie. 2021;41(4):267–274. doi: 10.1055/a-1339-9987
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnsen HS, Hindberg K, Bjøri E, et al. D-Dimer measured at diagnosis of venous thromboembolism is associated with risk of major bleeding. TH Open. 2019;3(1):e77–e84. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1683395
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Demelo-Rodríguez P, Galeano-Valle F, Marcelo-Ayala A, et al. C-reactive protein level predicts 30-day mortality and bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolism: a prospective single-center study. Med Clin. 2020;155(2):51–56. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.09.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch FTM, Mulder FI, Huisman MV, et al. Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with gastrointestinal cancer using edoxaban. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19(12):3008–3017. doi: 10.1111/jth.15516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goto S, Pieper KS, Bassand JP, et al. New artificial intelligence prediction model using serial prothrombin time international normalized ratio measurements in atrial fibrillation patients on vitamin K antagonists: GARFIELD-AF. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2020;6(5):301–309. doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvz076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YC, Cheng YC, Jhou MJ. Important risk factors in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation taking dabigatran using integrated machine learning scheme—A post hoc analysis. J Pers Med. 2022;12(5):756. doi: 10.3390/jpm12050756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao TF, Lip GYH, Liu CJ, et al. Relationship of aging and incident comorbidities to stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(2):122–132. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato ET, Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, et al. Efficacy and safety of edoxaban in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(5). doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.003432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park S, Bergmark BA, Shi M, et al. Edoxaban versus warfarin stratified by average blood pressure in 19 679 patients with atrial fibrillation and a history of hypertension in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. Hypertension. 2019;74(3):597–605. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyama K, Giugliano RP, Berg DD, et al. Serial assessment of biomarkers and the risk of stroke or systemic embolism and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(17):1698–1706. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calkins H, Yong P, Miller JM, et al. Catheter ablation of accessory pathways, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, and the atrioventricular junction: final results of a prospective, multicenter clinical trial The Atakr Multicenter Investigators Group. Circulation. 1999;99(2):262–270. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.99.2.262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchhof P, Haeusler KG, Blank B, et al. Apixaban in patients at risk of stroke undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(32):2942–2955. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calkins H, Willems S, Gerstenfeld EP, et al. Uninterrupted dabigatran versus warfarin for ablation in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(17):1627–1636. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1701005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero J, Cerrud-Rodriguez RC, Alviz I, et al. Significant benefit of uninterrupted DOACs versus VKA during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2019;5(12):1396–1405. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2019.08.010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lip GYH, Banerjee A, Boriani G, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation: CHEST guideline and Expert panel report. Chest. 2018;154(5):1121–1201. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.07.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng A, Nazarian S, Brinker JA, et al. Continuation of warfarin during pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: a randomized clinical trial. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8(4):536–540. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.12.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birnie DH, Healey JS, Wells GA, et al. Continued vs. interrupted direct oral anticoagulants at the time of device surgery, in patients with moderate to high risk of arterial thrombo-embolic events (BRUISE CONTROL-2). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(44):3973–3979. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo HC, Liu FL, Chen JT, et al. Thromboembolic and bleeding risk of periprocedural bridging anticoagulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol. 2020;43(5):441–449. doi: 10.1002/clc.23336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin AC, Weizman O, Sellal JM, et al. Impact of peri-procedural management of direct oral anticoagulants on pocket haematoma after cardiac electronic device implantation: the StimAOD multicentre prospective study. Europace. 2023;25(5). doi: 10.1093/europace/euad057
   Google Scholar
• Steffel J, Collins R, Antz M, et al. Corrigendum to: 2021 European Heart Rhythm association practical guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. EP Europace. 2021;23(10):1676. doi: 10.1093/europace/euab157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vivas D, Anguita-Gámez M, Ferrandis R, et al. Prospective observational registry of perioperative and periprocedural management of antithrombotic therapy in “real world”: the REQXAA study. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition). 2023;76(9):729–738. Engl Ed. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2023.03.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Spencer FA, et al. Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl):e326–e50. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2298
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw JR, Kaplovitch E, Douketis J. Periprocedural management of oral anticoagulation. Med Clin North Am. 2020;104(4):709–726. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Kaatz S, et al. Perioperative bridging anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(9):823–833. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1501035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegal D, Yudin J, Kaatz S, et al. Periprocedural heparin bridging in patients receiving vitamin K antagonists: systematic review and meta-analysis of bleeding and thromboembolic rates. Circulation. 2012;126(13):1630–1639. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.105221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah S, Nayfeh T, Hasan B, et al. Perioperative management of vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2023;163(5):1245–1257. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.11.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong JW, Yang LX, Ohene BE, et al. Periprocedural heparin bridging in patients receiving oral anticoagulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017;17(1):295. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0719-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steinberg BA, Peterson ED, Kim S, et al. Use and outcomes associated with bridging during anticoagulation interruptions in patients with atrial fibrillation: findings from the outcomes registry for better informed treatment of atrial fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). Circulation. 2015;131(5):488–494. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew JG, Spyropoulos AC, Yusuf A, et al. Efficacy and safety of early parenteral anticoagulation as a bridge to warfarin after mechanical valve replacement. Thromb Haemost. 2014;112(6):1120–1128. doi: 10.1160/th14-03-0284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Duncan J, et al. Perioperative management of patients with atrial fibrillation receiving a direct oral anticoagulant. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(11):1469–1478. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilke T, Bauer S, Mueller S. Patient preferences for oral anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation: a systematic literature review. Patient. 2017;10(1):17–37. doi: 10.1007/s40271-016-0185-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghijben P, Lancsar E, Zavarsek S. Preferences for oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation: a best-best discrete choice experiment. PharmacoEconomics. 2014;32(11):1115–1127. doi: 10.1007/s40273-014-0188-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barcellona D, Luzza M, Battino N, et al. The criteria of the Italian federation of thrombosis centres on DOACs: a “real world” application in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients already on vitamin K antagonist. Intern Emerg Med. 2015;10(2):157–163. doi: 10.1007/s11739-014-1155-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böttger B, Thate-Waschke IM, Bauersachs R, et al. Preferences for anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation: the patients’ view. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2015;40(4):406–415. doi: 10.1007/s11239-015-1263-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade JG, Krahn AD, Skanes AC, et al. Values and preferences of physicians and patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who receive oral anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention. Can J Cardiol. 2016;32(6):747–753. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.09.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebler-Hughes ES, Kemp L, Bond MJ. Patients’ perspectives regarding long-term warfarin therapy and the potential transition to new oral anticoagulant therapy. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2014;5(6):220–228. doi: 10.1177/2042098614552073
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boom MS, Berghuis EM, Nieuwkerk PT, et al. When do patients prefer a direct oral anticoagulant over a vitamin K antagonist? Neth J Med. 2015;73(8):368–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attaya S, Bornstein T, Ronquillo N, et al. Study of warfarin patients investigating attitudes toward therapy change (SWITCH survey). Am J Ther. 2012;19(6):432–435. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3182373591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Xie F, Kong MC, et al. Patient-reported health preferences of anticoagulant-related outcomes. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2015;40(3):268–273. doi: 10.1007/s11239-015-1191-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane DA, Meyerhoff J, Rohner U, et al. Atrial fibrillation patient preferences for oral anticoagulation and stroke knowledge: results of a conjoint analysis. Clin Cardiol. 2018;41(6):855–861. doi: 10.1002/clc.22971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J, Wang H, Li X, et al. Importance of attributes and willingness to pay for oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation in China: a discrete choice experiment. PLOS Med. 2021;18(8):e1003730. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, Zhang Y, Brundisini F, et al. Patient values and preferences regarding VTE disease: a systematic review to inform American Society of hematology guidelines. Blood Adv. 2020;4(5):953–968. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romiti GF, Pastori D, Rivera-Caravaca JM, et al. Adherence to the ‘atrial fibrillation better care’ pathway in patients with atrial fibrillation: impact on clinical outcomes-A systematic review and meta-analysis of 285,000 patients. Thromb Haemost. 2022;122(3):406–414. doi: 10.1055/a-1515-9630
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Proietti M, Romiti GF, Olshansky B, et al. Improved outcomes by integrated care of anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation using the simple ABC (atrial fibrillation Better care) pathway. Am J Med. 2018;131(11):1359–66.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar