124
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Contemporary applications of multimodality imaging in infective endocarditis

, & ORCID Icon
Pages 27-39 | Received 07 Jul 2023, Accepted 22 Nov 2023, Published online: 29 Nov 2023

References

  • Murray CJL, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet Lond Engl. 2012;380(9859):2197–2223. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4
  • Gomes A, Glaudemans AWJM, Touw DJ, et al. Diagnostic value of imaging in infective endocarditis: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):e1–e14. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30141-4
  • Fernández-Hidalgo N, Almirante B, Tornos P, et al. Contemporary epidemiology and prognosis of health care-associated infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2008;47(10):1287–1297. doi: 10.1086/592576
  • Thuny F, Di Salvo G, Belliard O, et al. Risk of embolism and death in infective endocarditis: prognostic value of echocardiography: a prospective multicenter study. Circulation. 2005;112(1):69–75. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.493155
  • Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, et al. ESC guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: the task force for the management of infective endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-thoracic surgery (EACTS), the European Association of nuclear Medicine (EANM). J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;36(44):3075–3128. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv319
  • Cahill TJ, Baddour LM, Habib G, et al. Challenges in infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(3):325–344. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.066
  • Alkhouli M, Alqahtani F, Alhajji M, et al. Clinical and Economic Burden of Hospitalizations for infective endocarditis in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(5):858–866. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.08.023
  • Khayata M, Hackney N, Addoumieh A, et al. Impact of opioid epidemic on infective endocarditis outcomes in the United States: from the national readmission database. Am J Cardiol. 2022;183:137–142. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.08.002
  • Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, et al. Infective endocarditis in adults: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American heart association. Circulation. 2015;132(15):1435–1486. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000296
  • Murdoch DR, Corey GR, Hoen B, et al. Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on endocarditis-prospective cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(5):463–473. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.603
  • Rajani R, Klein JL. Infective endocarditis: A contemporary update. Clin Med Lond Engl. 2020;20(1):31–35. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.cme.20.1.1
  • Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke endocarditis Service. Am J Med. 1994;96(3):200–209. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90143-0
  • Delgado V, Ajmone Marsan N, de Waha S, et al. ESC guidelines for the management of endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(39):3948–4042. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad193
  • Pérez de Isla L, Zamorano J, Lennie V, et al. Negative blood culture infective endocarditis in the elderly: long-term follow-up. Gerontology. 2007;53(5):245–249. doi: 10.1159/000101691
  • Habib G, Badano L, Tribouilloy C, et al. Recommendations for the practice of echocardiography in infective endocarditis. Eur J Echocardiogr J Work Group Echocardiogr Eur Soc Cardiol. 2010;11(2):202–219. doi: 10.1093/ejechocard/jeq004
  • Wang A, Athan E, Pappas PA, et al. Contemporary clinical profile and outcome of prosthetic valve endocarditis. JAMA. 2007;297(12):1354–1361. doi: 10.1001/jama.297.12.1354
  • Habib G, Erba PA, Iung B, et al. Clinical presentation, aetiology and outcome of infective endocarditis. Results of the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO (European infective endocarditis) registry: a prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(39):3222–3232. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz620
  • Dhawan VK. Infective endocarditis in elderly patients. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2002;34(6):806–812. doi: 10.1086/339045
  • Glaser N, Jackson V, Holzmann MJ, et al. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement. Circulation. 2017;136(3):329–331. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028783
  • Afonso L, Kottam A, Reddy V, et al. Echocardiography in infective endocarditis: state of the art. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2017;19(12):127. doi: 10.1007/s11886-017-0928-9
  • Lo Presti S, Elajami TK, Zmaili M, et al. Multimodality imaging in the diagnosis and management of prosthetic valve endocarditis: A contemporary narrative review. World J Cardiol. 2021;13(8):254–270. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v13.i8.254
  • Montané B, Chahine J, Fiore A, et al. Diagnostic performance of contemporary transesophageal echocardiography with modern imaging for infective endocarditis. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2023;13(1):25–37. doi: 10.21037/cdt-22-431
  • Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(22):2438–2488. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.537
  • Habets J, Tanis W, Reitsma JB, et al. Are novel non-invasive imaging techniques needed in patients with suspected prosthetic heart valve endocarditis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2015;25(7):2125–2133. doi: 10.1007/s00330-015-3605-7
  • Bai AD, Steinberg M, Showler A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography for infective endocarditis findings using transesophageal echocardiography as the reference standard: a meta-analysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr Off Publ Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30(7):639–646.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.03.007
  • Anwar AM, Nosir YFM, Alasnag M, et al. Real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: a novel approach for the assessment of prosthetic heart valves. Echocardiogr Mt Kisco N. 2014;31(2):188–196. doi: 10.1111/echo.12327
  • Singh P, Manda J, Hsiung MC, et al. Live/Real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of mitral and aortic valve prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation. Echocardiogr Mt Kisco N. 2009;26(8):980–987. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2009.01022.x
  • Sordelli C, Fele N, Mocerino R, et al. Infective endocarditis: Echocardiographic imaging and New imaging modalities. J Cardiovasc Echography. 2019;29(4):149–155. doi: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_53_19
  • Pérez-García CN, Olmos C, Islas F, et al. Morphological characterization of vegetation by real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in infective endocarditis: prognostic impact. Echocardiogr Mt Kisco N. 2019;36(4):742–751. doi: 10.1111/echo.14293
  • Berdejo J, Shibayama K, Harada K, et al. Evaluation of vegetation size and its relationship with embolism in infective endocarditis: a real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(1):149–154. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.113.000938
  • Hill EE, Herijgers P, Claus P, et al. Abscess in infective endocarditis: the value of transesophageal echocardiography and outcome: a 5-year study. Am Heart J. 2007;154(5):923–928. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2007.06.028
  • Daniel WG, Mügge A, Martin RP, et al. Improvement in the diagnosis of abscesses associated with endocarditis by transesophageal echocardiography. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(12):795–800. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199103213241203
  • Østergaard L, Valeur N, Ihlemann N, et al. Incidence and factors associated with infective endocarditis in patients undergoing left-sided heart valve replacement. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(28):2668–2675. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy153
  • Regueiro A, Linke A, Latib A, et al. Infective endocarditis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: comparison of balloon- versus self-expandable valves. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12(11):e007938. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.119.007938
  • Brennan JM, Edwards FH, Zhao Y, et al. Long-term safety and effectiveness of mechanical versus biologic aortic valve prostheses in older patients: results from the Society of thoracic surgeons adult cardiac surgery national database. Circulation. 2013;127(16):1647–1655. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002003
  • Hammermeister KE, Sethi GK, Henderson WG, et al. A comparison of outcomes in men 11 years after heart-valve replacement with a mechanical valve or bioprosthesis. Veterans affairs cooperative study on valvular heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(18):1289–1296. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199305063281801
  • Bloomfield P, Wheatley DJ, Prescott RJ, et al. Twelve-year comparison of a bjork-shiley mechanical heart valve with porcine bioprostheses. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(9):573–579. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199102283240901
  • Stassano P, Di Tommaso L, Monaco M, et al. Aortic valve replacement: a prospective randomized evaluation of mechanical versus biological valves in patients ages 55 to 70 years. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(20):1862–1868. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.032
  • Summers MR, Leon MB, Smith CR, et al. Prosthetic valve endocarditis after TAVR and SAVR: insights from the PARTNER trials. Circulation. 2019;140(24):1984–1994. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041399
  • Ando T, Ashraf S, Villablanca PA, et al. Meta-analysis comparing the incidence of infective endocarditis following transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus surgical aortic valve replacement. Am J Cardiol. 2019;123(5):827–832. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.11.031
  • Mangner N, Panagides V, Del Val D, et al. Incidence, clinical characteristics, and impact of absent echocardiographic signs in patients with infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2023;76(6):1003–1012. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac872
  • Boeder NF, Dörr O, Rixe J, et al. Endocarditis after interventional repair of the mitral valve: review of a dilemma. Cardiovasc Revascularization Med Mol Interv. 2017;18(2):141–144. doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2016.11.003
  • Haq IU, Haq I, Griffin B, et al. Imaging to evaluate suspected infective endocarditis. Cleve Clin J Med. 2021;88(3):163–172. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.88a.19142
  • Habets J, Tanis W, van Herwerden LA, et al. Cardiac computed tomography angiography results in diagnostic and therapeutic change in prosthetic heart valve endocarditis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;30(2):377–387. doi: 10.1007/s10554-013-0335-2
  • Vilacosta I, Graupner C, San Román JA, et al. Risk of embolization after institution of antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(9):1489–1495. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01790-4
  • Hubers SA, DeSimone DC, Gersh BJ, et al. Infective endocarditis: a contemporary review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(5):982–997. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.12.008
  • Scisło P, Piątkowski R, Budnik M, et al. Transparency of TEE3D surface rendering helps to assess the scale of hidden disaster. Echocardiogr Mt Kisco N. 2021;38(5):726–728. doi: 10.1111/echo.15036
  • Lalani T, Chu VH, Park LP, et al. In-hospital and 1-year mortality in patients undergoing early surgery for prosthetic valve endocarditis. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(16):1495–1504. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.8203
  • Wang TKM, Bin Saeedan M, Chan N, et al. Complementary diagnostic and prognostic contributions of cardiac computed tomography for infective endocarditis surgery. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(9):e011126. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.011126
  • Mgbojikwe N, Jones SR, Leucker TM, et al. Infective endocarditis: beyond the usual tests. Cleve Clin J Med. 2019;86(8):559–567. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.86a.18120
  • Sanchez-Nadales A, Cedeño J, Sonnino A, et al. Utility of intracardiac echocardiography for infective endocarditis and cardiovascular device-related endocarditis: a contemporary systematic review. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2023;48(9):101791. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101791
  • Hughes D, Linchangco R, Reyaldeen R, et al. Expanding utility of cardiac computed tomography in infective endocarditis: a contemporary review. World J Radiol. 2022;14(7):180–193. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i7.180
  • Wong D, Rubinshtein R, Keynan Y. Alternative cardiac imaging modalities to echocardiography for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Am J Cardiol. 2016;118(9):1410–1418. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.07.053
  • Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: Executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American heart association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2020;143(5):e35–e71. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000932. 2021
  • Feuchtner GM, Stolzmann P, Dichtl W, et al. Multislice computed tomography in infective endocarditis: comparison with transesophageal echocardiography and intraoperative findings. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(5):436–444. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.077
  • Sifaoui I, Oliver L, Tacher V, et al. Diagnostic performance of transesophageal echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography in infective endocarditis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr Off Publ Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33(12):1442–1453. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.07.017
  • Honnekeri B, Fava AM, Reyaldeen R, et al. Prominent para-cardiac fat mimicking left atrial appendage thrombus on echocardiography: utility of cardiac computed tomography. Echocardiogr Mt Kisco N. 2023;40(8):875–878. doi: 10.1111/echo.15595
  • Erba PA, Lancellotti P, Vilacosta I, et al. Recommendations on nuclear and multimodality imaging in IE and CIED infections. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018;45(10):1795–1815. doi: 10.1007/s00259-018-4025-0
  • Laczay B, Patel D, Grimm R, et al. State-of-the-art narrative review: multimodality imaging in electrophysiology and cardiac device therapies. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2021;11(3):881–895. doi: 10.21037/cdt-20-724
  • Evangelista A, Gonzalez-Alujas MT. Echocardiography in infective endocarditis. Heart Br Cardiol Soc. 2004;90(6):614–617. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2003.029868
  • Jain V, Wang TKM, Bansal A, et al. Diagnostic performance of cardiac computed tomography versus transesophageal echocardiography in infective endocarditis: a contemporary comparative meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2021;15(4):313–321. doi: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.11.008
  • Merlo A, Chen K, Deo S, et al. Does routine preoperative computed tomography imaging provide clinical utility in patients undergoing primary cardiac surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2017;25(4):659–662. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivx098
  • Di Salvo G, Habib G, Pergola V, et al. Echocardiography predicts embolic events in infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37(4):1069–1076. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)01206-7
  • Colen TW, Gunn M, Cook E, et al. Radiologic manifestations of extra-cardiac complications of infective endocarditis. Eur Radiol. 2008;18(11):2433–2445. doi: 10.1007/s00330-008-1037-3
  • Noid G, Tai A, Chen GP, et al. Reducing radiation dose and enhancing imaging quality of 4DCT for radiation therapy using iterative reconstruction algorithms. Adv Radiat Oncol. 2017;2(3):515–521. doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2017.04.003
  • Pasternak JJ, Williamson EE. Clinical pharmacology, uses, and adverse reactions of iodinated contrast agents: a primer for the non-radiologist. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(4):390–402. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.01.012
  • Doherty JU, Kort S, Mehran R, et al. ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2017 appropriate use criteria for multimodality imaging in valvular heart disease: a report of the american college of cardiology appropriate use criteria task force, american association for thoracic surgery, american heart association, american society of echocardiography, american society of nuclear cardiology, heart rhythm society, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, society of cardiovascular computed tomography, Society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and Society of thoracic surgeons. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;70(13):1647–1672. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.732
  • Del Pace S, Scheggi V, Virgili G, et al. Endocarditis with spondylodiscitis: clinical characteristics and prognosis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021;21(1):186. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-01991-x
  • Herren C, Jung N, Pishnamaz M, et al. Spondylodiscitis: diagnosis and treatment options. Dtsch Arzteblatt Int. 2017;114(51–52):875–882. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0875
  • Juneau D, Golfam M, Hazra S, et al. Molecular imaging for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2018;253:183–188. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.10.116
  • Mikail N, Hyafil F. Nuclear imaging in infective endocarditis. Pharm Basel Switz. 2021;15(1):14. doi: 10.3390/ph15010014
  • Minardi G, Pino PG, Sordi M, et al. Infective endocarditis on mitral annular calcification: a case report. Cases J. 2009;2(1):9072. doi: 10.1186/1757-1626-2-9072
  • Cantoni V, Sollini M, Green R, et al. Comprehensive meta-analysis on [18F] FDG PET/CT and radiolabelled leukocyte SPECT–SPECT/CT imaging in infectious endocarditis and cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections. Clin Transl Imaging. 2018;6(1):3–18. doi: 10.1007/s40336-018-0265-z
  • Wang TKM, Sánchez-Nadales A, Igbinomwanhia E, et al. Diagnosis of infective endocarditis by subtype using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography: a contemporary meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(6):e010600. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.010600
  • Sanchez-Nadales A, Diaz-Sierra A, Mocadie M, et al. Advanced cardiovascular imaging for the diagnosis of mycobacterium chimaera prosthetic valve infective endocarditis after open-heart surgery: a contemporary systematic review. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2022;47(12):101392. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101392
  • Gomes A, van Geel PP, Santing M, et al. Imaging infective endocarditis: Adherence to a diagnostic flowchart and direct comparison of imaging techniques. J Nucl Cardiol Off Publ Am Soc Nucl Cardiol. 2020;27(2):592–608. doi: 10.1007/s12350-018-1383-8
  • Ten Hove D, RHJA S, Sinha B, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT in infective endocarditis: indications and approaches for standardization. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2021;23(9):130. doi: 10.1007/s11886-021-01542-y
  • Xu B, Reyaldeen R. Ascending aortic graft infection - an expanding role for multi-modality cardiac imaging. Int J Cardiol. 2021;333:246–248. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.03.066
  • Diemberger I, Bonfiglioli R, Martignani C, et al. Contribution of PET imaging to mortality risk stratification in candidates to lead extraction for pacemaker or defibrillator infection: a prospective single center study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46(1):194–205. doi: 10.1007/s00259-018-4142-9
  • Dell’aquila AM, Mastrobuoni S, Alles S, et al. Contributory Role of fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the diagnosis and clinical management of infections in patients supported with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101(1):87–94. discussion 94. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.06.066
  • Borst U, Becker W, Maisch B, et al. Clinical and prognostic effect of a positive granulocyte scan in infective endocarditis. Clin Nucl Med. 1993;18(1):35–39. doi: 10.1097/00003072-199301000-00008
  • Erba PA, Conti U, Lazzeri E, et al. Added value of 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled leukocyte SPECT/CT in the characterization and management of patients with infectious endocarditis. J Nucl Med Off Publ Soc Nucl Med. 2012;53(8):1235–1243. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.111.099424

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.