Pyrolysis of Colombian spent coffee grounds (SCGs), characterization of bio-oil, and study of its antioxidant properties

References

• Aksoy, L., E. Kolay, Y. Ağılönü, Z. Aslan, and M. Kargıoğlu. 2013. “Free Radical Scavenging Activity, Total Phenolic Content, Total Antioxidant Status, and Total Oxidant Status of Endemic Thermopsis Turcica.” Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 20 (3): 235–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.02.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anex, R. P., A. Aden, F. K. Kazi, J. Fortman, R. M. Swanson, M. M. Wright, J. A. Satrio, R. C. Brown, D. E. Daugaard, and A. Platon. 2010. “Techno-economic Comparison of Biomass-to-Transportation Fuels via Pyrolysis, Gasification, and Biochemical Pathways.” Fuel 89 (SUPPL. 1): S29–S35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.015.
   Google Scholar
• Ballesteros, L. F., J. A. Teixeira, and S. I. Mussatto. 2014. “Chemical, Functional, and Structural Properties of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Silverskin.” Food and Bioprocess Technology 7 (12): 3493–3503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-014-1349-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baroni, ÉDG, K. Tannous, Y. J. Rueda-Ordóñez, and L. K. Tinoco-Navarro. 2016. “The Applicability of Isoconversional Models in Estimating the Kinetic Parameters of Biomass Pyrolysis.” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 123 (2): 909–917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4707-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benzie, I. F. F., and J. J. Strain. 1996. “The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of ‘Antioxidant Power’: The FRAP Assay.” Analytical Biochemistry 239 (1): 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bok, J. P., H. S. Choi, Y. S. Choi, H. C. Park, and S. J. Kim. Nov. 2012. “Fast Pyrolysis of Coffee Grounds: Characteristics of Product Yields and Biocrude oil Quality.” Energy 47 (1): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brachi, P., V. Santes, and E. Torres-García. 2021. “Pyrolytic Degradation of Spent Coffee Ground: A Thermokinetic Analysis Through the Dependence of Activation Energy on Conversion and Temperature.” Fuel 302: 120995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120995.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand-Williams, W., M. E. Cuvelier, and C. Berset. 1995. “Use of a Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity.” LWT - Food Science and Technology 28 (1): 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnham, A. K., and L. N. Dinh. 2007. “A Comparison of Isoconversional and Model-Fitting Approaches to Kinetic Parameter Estimation and Application Predictions.” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 89: 479–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-006-8486-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CH2MHILL. 2009. Waste to Energy Review of Alternatives.
   Google Scholar
• Chaiya, C. 2011. “Production Of Bio-Oil from Coffee Residue Using Pyrolysis Process.” Proceedings of the world congress on engineering and computer science, 2, 19–21.
   Google Scholar
• Chandrasekaran, S. R., D. Murali, K. A. Marley, R. A. Larson, K. M. Doll, B. R. Moser, J. Scott, and B. K. Sharma. 2016. “Antioxidants from Slow Pyrolysis Bio-Oil of Birch Wood: Application for Biodiesel and Biobased Lubricants.” ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 4 (3): 1414–1421. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W. H., Y. S. Chu, J. L. Liu, and J. S. Chang. Mar. 2018. “Thermal Degradation of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids in Microalgae Analyzed by Evolutionary Computation.” Energy Conversion and Management 160: 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENCONMAN.2018.01.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Jiacong, Jingyong Liu, Yao He, Limao Huang, Shuiyu Sun, Jian Sun, KenLin Chang, Jiahong Kuo, Shaosong Huang, and Xunan Ning. 2017. “Investigation of co-Combustion Characteristics of Sewage Sludge and Coffee Grounds Mixtures Using Thermogravimetric Analysis Coupled to Artificial Neural Networks Modeling.” Bioresource Technology 225: 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirbaş, A., and G. Arin. May 2002. “An Overview of Biomass Pyrolysis.” Energy Sources - Energy Source 24: 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310252889979.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durán-Aranguren, D. D., Sebastian Robledo, Eduardo Gomez-Restrepo, Jorge W. Arboleda Valencia, and Natalia A. Tarazona. Dec. 2021. “Scientometric Overview of Coffee By-Products and Their Applications.” Molecules 26 (24): 7605. https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES26247605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, Q., P. Fu, C. Song, and Y. Fan. Jan. 2023. “Valorization of Waste Biomass Through Hydrothermal Liquefaction: A Review with Focus on Linking Hydrothermal Factors to Products Characteristics.” Industrial Crops and Products 191: 116017. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDCROP.2022.116017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedlingstein, P., M. O'Sullivan, M. W. Jones, R. M. Andrew, J. Hauck, A. Olsen, G. P. Peters, et al. Dec. 2020. “Global Carbon Budget 2020.” Earth System Science Data 12 (4): 3269–3340. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuertes, A. B., M. C. Arbestain, M. Sevilla, J. A. Maciá-Agulló, S. Fiol, R. López, R. J. Smernik, W. P. Aitkenhead, F. Arce, and F. Macias. 2010. “Chemical and Structural Properties of Carbonaceous Products Obtained by Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Carbonisation of Corn Stover.” Australian Journal of Soil Research 48: 618–626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Péres, M., A. Chaala, H. Pakdel, D. Kretschmer, and C. Roy. 2007. “Characterization of bio-Oils in Chemical Families.” Biomass and Bioenergy 31 (4): 222–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Pérez, M., T. T. Adams, J. W. Goodrum, K. Das, and D. P. Geller. 2010. “DSC Studies to Evaluate the Impact of bio-oil on Cold Flow Properties and Oxidation Stability of bio-Diesel.” Bioresource Technology 101 (15): 6219–6224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller, D. P., T. T. Adams, J. Goodrum, and J. Pendergrass. 2008. “Storage Stability of Poultry fat and Diesel Fuel Mixtures: Specific Gravity and Viscosity.” Fuel 87 (1): 92–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gnansounou, E., and C. M. Alves. 2019. “Chapter 8 - Integrated Sustainability Assessment of Biofuels.” In Biofuels: Alternative Feedstocks and Conversion Processes for the Production of Liquid and Gaseous Biofuels (Second Edition), edited by A. Pandey, C. Larroche, C.-G. Dussap, E. Gnansounou, S. K. Khanal, and S. Ricke, 197–214. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816856-1.00008-7.
   Google Scholar
• Gomez, J. P., J. P. A. Velez, M. A. Pinzon, J. A. M. Arango, and A. P. Muriel. 2021. “Chemical Characterization and Antiradical Properties of Pyroligneous Acid from a Preserved Bamboo, Guadua Angustifolia Kunth.” Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 64. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2021190730.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, Murray R., William H. Corcoran, and George R. Gavalas. Pyrolysis of a Wood-Derived Material. Effects Of Moisture and Ash Content.
   Google Scholar
• Hazrat, M. A. 2021. “Techniques to Improve the Stability of Biodiesel: A Review.” Environmental Chemistry Letters 19 (3): 2209–2236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, H., J. D. Ocon, S. Lee, J. K. Lee, and J. Lee. 2015. “Direct Power Generation from Waste Coffee Grounds in a Biomass Fuel Cell.” Journal of Power Sources 296: 433–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.07.059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, L., H. Zhang, and Z. Ma. 2018. “Study on Capacity of Coffee Grounds To Be Extracted oil, Produce Biodiesel and Combust.” Energy Procedia 152: 1296–1301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.185.
   Google Scholar
• Kan, T., V. Strezov, and T. Evans. Jan. 2014. “Catalytic Pyrolysis of Coffee Grounds Using NiCu-Impregnated Catalysts.” Energy & Fuels 28 (1): 228–235. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef401511u.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerkel, F., D. Brock, D. Touraud, and W. Kunz. 2021. “Stabilization of Biofuels with Hydrophilic, Natural Antioxidants Solubilized by Glycerol Derivatives.” FUel 284: 119055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K. H., T. S. Kim, S. M. Lee, D. H. Choi, H. Y. Yeo, I. G. Choi, and J. W. Choi. 2013. “Comparison of Physicochemical Features of Biooils and Biochars Produced from Various Woody Biomasses by Fast Pyrolysis.” Renewable Energy 50: 188–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.06.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, E.-J., D. Seo, and K.-Y. Choi. 2020. “Bioalcohol Production from Spent Coffee Grounds and Okara Waste Biomass by Engineered Bacillus Subtilis.” Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 10 (1): 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00402-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause, M. C., A. C. Moitinho, L. F. R. Ferreira, R. L. de Souza, L. C. Krause, and E. B. Caramão. 2019. “Production and Characterization of the Bio-Oil Obtained by the Fast Pyrolysis of Spent Coffee Grounds of the Soluble Coffee Industry.” Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 30 (8): 1608–1615. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, A., and S. Sarkar. Jan. 2011. “Biohydrogen Production from Bio-oil.” Biofuels: Alternative Feedstocks and Conversion Processes, 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385099-7.00022-X.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Xin Jiat, Hwai Chyuan Ong, Wei Gao, Yong Sik Ok, Wei Hsin Chen, Brandon Han Hoe Goh, and Cheng Tung Chong. May 2021. “Solid Biofuel Production from Spent Coffee Ground Wastes: Process Optimisation, Characterisation and Kinetic Studies.” Fuel 292: 120309. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2021.120309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., V. Strezov, and T. Kan. 2014. “Energy Recovery Potential Analysis of Spent Coffee Grounds Pyrolysis Products.” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 110: 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2014.08.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loo, A. Y., K. Jain, and I. Darah. 2007. “Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Activities of the Pyroligneous Acid from a Mangrove Plant, Rhizophora Apiculata.” Food Chemistry 104 (1): 300–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luz, F. C., S. Cordiner, A. Manni, V. Mulone, and V. Rocco. 2017. “Anaerobic Digestion of Coffee Grounds Soluble Fraction at Laboratory Scale: Evaluation of the Biomethane Potential.” Applied Energy 207: 166–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magdziarz, A., and S. Werle. Jan. 2014. “Analysis of the Combustion and Pyrolysis of Dried Sewage Sludge by TGA and MS.” Waste Management 34 (1): 174–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.10.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mata, T. M., A. A. Martins, and N. S. Caetano. 2018. “Bio-refinery Approach for Spent Coffee Grounds Valorization.” Bioresource Technology 247: 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew, S., Z. A. Zakaria, and N. F. Musa. 2015. “Antioxidant Property and Chemical Profile of Pyroligneous Acid from Pineapple Plant Waste Biomass.” Process Biochemistry 50 (11): 1985–1992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2015.07.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matrapazi, V. K., and A. Zabaniotou. 2020. “Experimental and Feasibility Study of Spent Coffee Grounds Upscaling via Pyrolysis Towards Proposing an eco-Social Innovation Circular Economy Solution.” Science of the Total Environment 718: 137316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural. 2017. “Estadísticas Agronet.” pp. 3–5.
   Google Scholar
• Mohan, D., C. U. Pittman, and P. H. Steele. 2006. “Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for bio-oil: A Critical Review.” Energy & Fuels 20: 848.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moniru, I. M. 2017. “Influence of Poly(Methyl Acrylate) Additive on Cold Flow Properties of Coconut Biodiesel Blends and Exhaust gas Emissions.” Renewable Energy 101: 702–712.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen, A., and J. Kruijsen. 2013. “The Transition to Future Energy.” In Future Energy: Improved, Sustainable and Clean Options for our Planet, 2nd ed., vol. 2, 667–677. Boston: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-099424-6.00030-2
   Google Scholar
• Parikh, J., S. A. Channiwala, and G. K. Ghosal. 2007. “A Correlation for Calculating Elemental Composition from Proximate Analysis of Biomass Materials.” Fuel 86 (12–13): 1710–1719.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polat, S., and P. Sayan. Mar. 2020. “Assessment of the Thermal Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetic Parameters of Spent Coffee Waste: A TGA-MS Study.” Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1736693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabiu, Z., N. Mahmud, R. Hasham, and Z. Akmar Zakaria. 2019. “Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Ethyl Acetate Fractions from Pyroligneous Acid Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell.” Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 15 (5): 644–650.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie, H., and M. Roser. 2017. “Fossil fuels,” Our world in data. https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels.
   Google Scholar
• Rodríguez, N., and D. Zambrano. 2010. “Los Subproductos del Café: Fuente de Energía Renovable.” Cenicafé (0120–0178): 4–6.
   Google Scholar
• Rosendahl, L. 2017. Direct Thermochemical Liquefaction for Energy Applications. Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101029-7.00006-0.
   Google Scholar
• Rover, M. R., L. Johnson, B. Lamsal, Y.-J. Lee, and B. Shanks. Analysis of Sugars and Phenolic Compounds in Bio-Oil.
   Google Scholar
• Rueda-Ordñez, Y. J., E. De Godois Baroni, L. K. Tinoco-Navarro, and K. Tannous. 2015. “Modeling the Kinetics of Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis.” In Innovative Solutions in Fluid-Particle Systems and Renewable Energy Management. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8711-0.ch004.
   Google Scholar
• Sánchez, N. F. S., R. S. Coronado, and B. H. C. Claudia Villanueva Cañongo. 2019. Antioxidant Compounds and Their Antioxidant Mechanism, no. tourism.
   Google Scholar
• Starink, M. J. 2003. “The Determination of Activation Energy from Linear Heating Rate Experiments: A Comparison of the Accuracy of Isoconversion Methods.” Themochimia Acta 404 (1–2): 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(03)00144-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, Bin, et al. Coupling Pyrolysis and Gasification Processes for Methane-Rich Syngas Production: Fundamental Studies on Pyrolysis Behavior and Kinetics of a Calcium-Rich High-Volatile Bituminous Coal.
   Google Scholar
• Tokimoto, T., N. Kawasaki, T. Nakamura, J. Akutagawa, and S. Tanada. 2005. “Removal of Lead Ions in Drinking Water by Coffee Grounds as Vegetable Biomass.” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 281 (1): 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torga, G. N., and E. E. Spers. 2020. “Perspectives of Global Coffee Demand.” In Coffee Consumption and Industry Strategies in Brazil, edited by L. F. de Almeida, and B. Spers, 21–49. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814721-4.00002-0.
   Google Scholar
• Trinh, T. N., P. A. Jensen, K. Dam-Johansen, N. O. Knudsen, and H. R. Sørensen. Mar. 2013. “Influence of the Pyrolysis Temperature on Sewage Sludge Product Distribution, Bio-Oil, and Char Properties.” Energy & Fuels 27 (3): 1419–1427. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef301944r.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udomsap, P., Y. H. Yein, J. T. Hok Hui, B. Yoosuk, S. B. Yusuf, and S. Sukkasi. 2011. “Towards Stabilization of bio-oil by Addition of Antioxidants and Solvents, and Emulsification with Conventional Hydrocarbon Fuels.” 2011 international conference & utility exhibition on power and energy systems: issues and prospects for Asia (ICUE). https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6497720/authors#authors
   Google Scholar
• Valentão, P., E. Fernandes, F. Carvalho, P. B. Andrade, R. M. Seabra, and M. L. Bastos. Aug. 2002. “Antioxidative Properties of Cardoon (Cynara Cardunculus L.) Infusion Against Superoxide Radical, Hydroxyl Radical, and Hypochlorous Acid.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50 (17): 4989–4993. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020225o.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. “Methods for Dietary Fiber,Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition.” Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583–3597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vardon, Derek R., Bryan R. Moser, Wei Zheng, Katie Witkin, Roque L. Evangelista, Timothy J. Strathmann, Kishore Rajagopalan, and Brajendra K. Sharma. Oct. 2013. “Complete Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds to Produce Biodiesel, bio-oil, and Biochar.” ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 1 (10): 1286–1294. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc400145w.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vyazovkin, S., A. Burnham, J. Criado, L. Pérez-Maqueda, C. Popescu, and N. Sbirrazzuoli. 2011. “ICTAC Kinetics Committee Recommendations for Performing Kinetic Computations on Thermal Analysis Data.” Thermochimica Acta 520 (1–2): 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Way, M. L., J. E. Jones, D. S. Nichols, R. G. Dambergs, and N. D. Swarts. 2020. “A Comparison of Laboratory Analysis Methods for Total Phenolic Content of Cider.” Beverages 6 (3), https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages6030055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, Q., X. Ma, Z. Zhao, S. Zhang, and S. Liu. 2010. “Antioxidant Activities and Chemical Profiles of Pyroligneous Acids from Walnut Shell.” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 88 (2): 149–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2010.03.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, P. T., and A. R. Reed. Dec. 2003. “Pre-formed Activated Carbon Matting Derived from the Pyrolysis of Biomass Natural Fibre Textile Waste.” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 70 (2): 563–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2370(03)00026-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong, S., J. Zhuo, B. Zhang, and Q. Yao. 2013. “Effect of Moisture Content on the Characterization of Products from the Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge.” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 104: 632–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2013.05.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., Z. Luo, S. Li, and W. Wang. 2019. “Catalytic Pyrolysis of Hemicellulose to Produce Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” Bioresources 14 (3): 5816–5831.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H., R. Yan, H. Chen, D. Ho Lee, and C. Zheng. 2007. “Characteristics of Hemicellulose, Cellulose and Lignin Pyrolysis.” Fuel 86: 1781–1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.12.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H., R. Yan, H. Chen, C. Zheng, D. H. Lee, and D. T. Liang. Jan. 2006. “In-Depth Investigation of Biomass Pyrolysis Based on Three Major Components:  Hemicellulose, Cellulose and Lignin.” Energy & Fuels 20 (1): 388–393. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef0580117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., T. Culhaoglu, B. Pollet, C. Melin, D. Denoue, Y. Barrière, S. Baumberger, and V. Méchin. 2011. “Impact of Lignin Structure and Cell Wall Reticulation on Maize Cell Wall Degradability.” 16th int. symp. wood, fiber pulping chem. - proceedings, ISWFPC, vol. 2, pp. 942–948.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., L. Han, and H. Dong. 2021. “An Insight to Pretreatment, Enzyme Adsorption and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Experimental and Modeling Studies.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 140 (12), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.110758.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao, X., L. Zhang, and D. Liu. Jul. 2012. “Biomass Recalcitrance. Part I: The Chemical Compositions and Physical Structures Affecting the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose.” Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 6 (4): 465–482. https://doi.org/10.1002/BBB.1331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar